TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................3
1.1 DATA................................................................................................................................3
1.2 Primary objectives.............................................................................................................3
1.2.1 For 3D modeling........................................................................................................3
1.2.2 For 2D modeling........................................................................................................3
2 GEOMETRY OF MATRIX AND FIBRES.............................................................................3
3 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF 3D MODEL..................................................................4
3.1 Static Analysis in Abaqus under Transverse load of 20KN..............................................4
3.1.1 Stress Analysis...........................................................................................................4
3.1.2 Strain Analysis...........................................................................................................5
3.1.3 Deflection Analysis...................................................................................................6
3.1.4 Modal Analysis..........................................................................................................6
3.1.5 Buckling Analysis under longitudinal load...............................................................6
4 CONSTRUCTION OF EQUIVALENT 2D MODEL.............................................................7
5 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF 2D EQUIVALENT MODEL.......................................7
5.1 Static Analysis of 2D model with transverse load............................................................7
5.1.1 Stress analysis............................................................................................................7
5.1.2 Strain Analysis in Abaqus.........................................................................................8
5.2 2D Buckling Analysis.......................................................................................................9
5.3 Modal Analysis of 2D model............................................................................................9
6 Comparison of 3D and 2D model...........................................................................................10
7 FUTURE WORK...................................................................................................................10
8 REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................10

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1 Showing 3D Maximum stress of beam..........................................................................4

Figure 1-2 Showing 3D Mid stress of beam....................................................................................4
Figure 1-3 Showing 3D Minimum stress of beam...........................................................................5
Figure 1-4 Showing 3D Maximum strain of beam..........................................................................5
Figure 1-5 Showing 3D Mid strain of beam....................................................................................5
Figure 1-6 Showing 3D Minimum strain of beam...........................................................................5
Figure 1-7 Showing 3D Displacement of beam..............................................................................6
Figure 1-8 Showing 3D Modal Analysis of beam...........................................................................6
Figure 1-9 Showing 3D Buckling Analysis under longitudinal load of beam................................6
Figure 1-10 Showing 2D Maximum stress Analysis of beam.........................................................7
Figure 1-11 Showing 2D Mid stress Analysis of beam...................................................................7
Figure 1-12 Showing 2D Minimum stress Analysis of beam..........................................................8
Figure 1-13 Showing 2D Maximum strain Analysis of beam.........................................................8
Figure 1-14 Showing 2D Mid strain Analysis of beam...................................................................8
Figure 1-15 Showing 2D Minimum strain Analysis of beam..........................................................9
Figure 1-16 Showing 2D Buckling Analysis of beam.....................................................................9
Figure 1-17 Showing 2D Modal Analysis Analysis of beam\.........................................................9

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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 DATA

Firstly matrix properties will be discussed and the properties of fibers will be discussed.
i. MATRIX PROPERTIES

A polyester resin was used for 3D modeling and has the following properties.

Density ¿ ρm =1100 kg / m3
Poisson ratio ¿ v m =0.25
E=¿ Young's Modulus ¿ 3.5 ×109 N /m2

ii. FIBER PROPERTIES

Carbon fiber is used for 3D modeling

Quantity ¿ 4 in numbers circular

Density ¿ pf =1750 kg /m3
Poisson ratio ¿ v f =0.10
E=¿ Young’s Modulus ¿ 183 ×109

1.2 Primary objectives

Following are the objectives of Modeling.

1.2.1 For 3D modeling

 To analyze results of static 3D analysis
 To analyze results of buckling 3D analysis
 To analyze results of Modal analysis

1.2.2 For 2D modeling

 To analyze results of static 2D model under transverse load
 To analyze results of 2D buckling under longitudinal load
 To perform modal analysis.

2 GEOMETRY OF MATRIX AND FIBRES

a. Matrix

2
S1=0.0049 m L=0.95mW =0.09 m
Depth ¿ 0.09 m

b. Fiber
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 S2=4.00 ×10−4 m 2 L=0.95 md=0.02 m

c. Position of Fibers

3 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF 3D MODEL

3.1 Static Analysis in Abaqus under Transverse load of 20KN

3.1.1 Stress Analysis

After 3D construction of model in Abaqus stress analysis was done at Max, Min, and mid
level and Smax is 3.491e5, Smid is 2.42e3 and Smin is 7.026.e2.

Figure 1-1 Showing 3D Maximum stress of beam

Figure 1-2 Showing 3D Mid stress of beam

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Figure 1-3 Showing 3D Minimum stress of beam
3.1.2 Strain Analysis
After 3D modeling analysis on Abaqus Maximum, Minimum and Mid Principle Strains
are calculated using Abaqus. The values for Maximum Strain is 2.805e-6, Minimum
Strain is 5.049e-7 and for Mid Strain is -2.036e-8.

Figure 1-4 Showing 3D Maximum strain of beam

Figure 1-5 Showing 3D Mid strain of beam

Figure 1-6 Showing 3D Minimum strain of beam

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3.1.3 Deflection Analysis
After performing displacement analysis the resulting displacement is 2.204e-5.

Figure 1-7 Showing 3D Displacement of beam

3.1.4 Modal Analysis
Modal analysis was done on beam model of Abaqus and it was found that frequency of
the 3D Model is 5.99e-1 when number of cycles/time was 371.10.

Figure 1-8 Showing 3D Modal Analysis of beam

3.1.5 Buckling Analysis under longitudinal load

Figure 1-9 Showing 3D Buckling Analysis under longitudinal load of beam

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4 CONSTRUCTION OF EQUIVALENT 2D MODEL
For the formation of 2D equivalent beam model following calculations were made,
Seq =S1 +S 2=0.0053 m F=Seq . p
2

F=0.0053 ×10

F=0.053 KN

E 1 S1 + E 2 S 2
Eq  = =1.704 ×1010 N /m 2
S eq 
ρm S m + ρf S f
ρeq  = =1149.05 kg /m3
S eq 
v S +v S
v eq = m m f f =0.238
Seq

5 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF 2D EQUIVALENT MODEL

5.1 Static Analysis of 2D model with transverse load

5.1.1 Stress analysis

Analysis was performed in Abaqus after formation of 2D model and it was shown that
maximum stress is 5.872e3, minimum stress is 0.00e0 and mid stress is 2.378e2.

Figure 1-10 Showing 2D Maximum stress Analysis of beam

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Figure 1-11 Showing 2D Mid stress Analysis of beam

Figure 1-12 Showing 2D Minimum stress Analysis of beam

5.1.2 Strain Analysis in Abaqus
After performing analysis it was observed that Maximum principle strain was 3.413e-7,
Minimum Principle strain was -8.421e-09 and mid principle strain was 7.873e-9

Figure 1-13 Showing 2D Maximum strain Analysis of beam

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Figure 1-14 Showing 2D Mid strain Analysis of beam

Figure 1-15 Showing 2D Minimum strain Analysis of beam

5.2 2D Buckling Analysis

Now buckling analysis was carried out on 2D model and deflection due to buckling was
determined and it was shown that that deflection was 1.003.

Figure 1-16 Showing 2D Buckling Analysis of beam

5.3 Modal Analysis of 2D model

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Modal analysis of 2D model was determined and it was observed that maximum
frequency was 2.013e-1 at, 59.681 cycles/sec.

Figure 1-17 Showing 2D Modal Analysis Analysis of beam\

6 Comparison of 3D and 2D model

Due to comparable model building, stresses, strains, displacements, buckling, and modal
values of both differ in a certain range after analysis. Also when you exert pressure to a
2D model, for instance, you apply it to the thicknesses you set in the sections assignment,
however when you exert pressure to a 3D model, you apply it to the true face of the
model.

In terms of effectiveness, the 3D model provides better illustrations and forces, and all
constant values of fiber and matrix are solved as two different materials, whereas the 2D
model does not, as equivalent values are used instead of two different values due to
property differences, as shown in the above analysis. The most significant disadvantage
of a 2D model is that it lacks a third dimension.

In terms of calculation, a 2D model is undoubtedly quicker and meshes into less

components and nodes than a 3D model, which computes slowly and takes a long time to
solve.

7 FUTURE WORK
After analyzing the model it was determined that buckling phenomenon is the most
common cause of a composite beam failure so in future to avoid buckling such material
should be used in matrix fibre composition that buckling would not occur.

8 REFERENCES

Smith, M 2009, ABAQUS/Standard User's Manual, Version 6.9. Dassault Systèmes

Simulia Corp, Providence, RI

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