Consulting And Guiding Small

Scall Mining Plc

FEBRUARY 28, 2022

MUJAHID IBRAHIM
Mujahedibrahim9@gmail.com

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Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1

Geological Setting...........................................................................................................................2

project location................................................................................................................................5

Objective..........................................................................................................................................5

General Objective............................................................................................................................5

Specific Objective............................................................................................................................5

Methodology....................................................................................................................................6

Significance of the project...............................................................................................................6

Beneficiaries....................................................................................................................................6

Scope of the project.........................................................................................................................6

Duration of the project.....................................................................................................................7

Requirement to get service..............................................................................................................7

Background......................................................................................................................................7

Project activity.................................................................................................................................7

Stakeholder......................................................................................................................................7

Project cost.......................................................................................................................................8

Introduction

After the formation of the earth 4600 million years ago Continental crust had formed and plate
tectonics had come into operation. The early crust (lithosphere) undergone several cycles of
breaking apart and coming together. Due to this different geological process (metamorphism,
magmatism, sedimentation….) take place within different parts of earth and lead new rock
formation, development of different geological structure and formation of different mineral
resource. Different mineral resource has been used for different purposes throughout the human

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life starting from primitive to modern industrialization and it have been playing a key role in
civilization. Gold was among the first metals to be mined because it commonly occurs in the
easily extractable native form, is beautiful and imperishable (a noble metal), and because
exquisite objects can be crafted from this highly malleable and ductile metal (misra, 2000).

The Precambrian basement of Ethiopia is known to host different metallic and non-metallic
mineral resources and are exposed in northern, southern and western parts of the country and are
referred as greenstone belts and domains. According to Solomon Tadesse (2009), the western
domain where benishangul gumuz regional state located is significantly wider, following the
Sudanese border and is subdivided into four belts. These belt host primary gold deposits e.g., Dul
and Oda-Godere, the platinum deposits e.g., Yubdo, the iron deposits e.g., Bilikal, Chago,
Gordana, and base metal prospects e.g., Abetselo, Kata.

The Benishangul gumuz regional state, long known for its primary and placer gold. Placer gold
occurrences in the region have long been worked by the local people using primitive methods
(Mengesha 1991). Bullock and Morgan report that there is widespread artisanal gold production
in the Asosa zone, with moderate activity by numbers of local workers producing relatively large
amounts of gold (Bullock and Morgan, 2018).
In addition to local miners’ different international companies have been engaged in exploration
in benishangul gumuz regional state and ASCOM discovers gold deposit around kurmuk werada,
Dish Mountain and now they are in development phase to start mining.

Geological Setting

The Precambrian Geology of western Ethiopia is the largest Precambrian block in the country
which consists of N-trending belt of low-grade meta volcano sedimentary rocks and associated
intrusive rocks bounded to the east and west by high grade gneiss and migmatites (Tadesse
Alemu, 2013).
Almost all the basement rocks of western Ethiopia are between 850 and 500 million years old.
the very few ages that are older than this have been measured on tiny crystals of zircon which are
scattered through the rock (Frances 2016). The WES geotectonically evolved through different
processes beginning from early rifting and associated sedimentation followed by subduction and
island arc formation, arc-accretion and, finally, continent-continent collision (Kazmin et al.,
1978).
The contact between low-grade meta volcano-sedimentary rocks and associated intrusive with
high grade gneiss and migmatites is not exposed, Usually the contact is tectonic represented by
tightly folded and strike-slip shear zones. Part of the contact is also marked by SE-dipping and
NW-verging thrust faults and folds (Alemu and Abebe, 2000, 2002). At places the interleaving
contact relationships, the difference in metamorphic grade without noticeable tectonic break, and
moreover the occurrence of early east-west structure for some of the gneissic rocks (Davidson,
1983; Tefera and Berhe, 1987) may suggest a basement-cover relationship.
The mafic and ultramafic occurrences in the Precambrian basement of western Ethiopia were
initially thought to be intrusive into the meta volcano-sedimentary rocks (UNDP, 1972), but
were subsequently interpreted by Kazmin (1976, 1978) and de Wit and Aguma (1977) to be part
of an ophiolitic sequences. However, Mogessie et al., 2000 and Braathen et al., 2001 argued
against the ophiolitic origin of these mafic-ultramafic rocks and they interpret them as intrusions
in meta volcano-sediments and show concentric zoning typical of Alaskan type intrusion.
The belt of mafic ultramafic rock and major shear zone bounding the two contrasting
stratigraphic complexes are potential target for gold, base metal, nickel, platinum and other
mineralization. The ultramafic intrusion in western Ethiopian map all occur within the shear
zones (Frances 2016).
The volcanic cover over western Ethiopian basement might be the erosion remnant of Trap series
Volcanic which cover most of Ethiopian high land (Frances 2016).
Different author classifies rock of western Ethiopian in to different group, for example based on
grade of metamorphism and lithological similarities They broadly fall into three groups of
lithotectonic units; the Birbir Domain (assemblage of mafic to felsic intrusive and extrusive
rocks and mainly volcanogenic sedimentary rocks), Geba domain (quartzo feldspathic gneisses)
and Baro domain (ortho-gneissic biotite gneiss and hornblende gneiss, para-gneisses) (Teklewold
Ayalew and Peccerillo, 1998; Mengesha Tefera and Seife Michael Berhe, 1987 as cited in
Teklewold Ayalew and Johnson, 2002).
According to Allen and Gebremedhin (2003) the rocks in the western Ethiopia are classified in to
five domains, from east to west, the Didesa, Kemashi, Dengi, Sirkole and Daka domains.
The Kemashi, Dengi and Sirkole Domains, forming the core of the belt, contain volcano-
sedimentary successions, whilst the Didesa and Daka Domains are gneiss terranes, interpreted to
represent the eastern and western forelands of the Tuludimtu Belt.
Simplified geological map of western Ethiopia. Adapted from geological map of western Ethiopia (2nd edition), scale
1:2,000,000, published by the Geological Survey (1996). The Dengi, Sirkole and Daka domains are separated either by a tectonic
contact or are isolated by Phanerozoic cover.

project location

The project area is located in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Assosa zone as shown in map
below. It includes kurmuk, Sherkole and Menge weredas of Assosa Zones.
The study area is accessible from Addis Ababa, 650km to the west by asphalted road through
Nekemte-Ghimbi-Assosa and then 35 km to Komosha then after either by going 80km to kurmuk
or 20 km to menge.

Figure 1 Location Map of target area.

Objective

General Objective

The general objective of this project is to provide scientific guidance and support for small scale
mining plc in Benishangul Gumuz Regional state.

Specific Objective

 Giving overview about Potential mineral resource present in the region

  Exploration and exploitation of different mineral resource
 Social and Economical aspect of mining activities
 Sustainability
 Environmental consideration

Methodology

Since these projects is community based whatever requested by community would be done as per
their request. Soon as this proposal is approved, survey would be conducted at active mining site
and office. During this practical problem faced by small scale plc and individual/group who are
engaged in mining would be identified.

Office work include preparation of appropriate document that can aid in guiding those small scall
mining plc

Preliminary guidance for selected plc and concerned individual/group. These could be done
onsite or in office.

Based on the input from different stockholder the project would continue or terminated

Significance of the project

The main significance of this project is to help small scale mining plc by giving them guidance
and consultancy service. And by providing such service for them they can able to elevate their
own standard and potential.

Beneficiaries

Small scale mining plc are the main beneficiaries of this project. In addition, anyone/group who
are interested and want to get the guidance would be benefited from this project.

Scope of the project

The main scope is to create linkage between traditional and modern mining activity. In addition
to this, the small-scale mining plc would have a chance to get any service that they want as much
as possible.
Duration of the project

The project would start from 20/03/2022 for unspecified period of time. The service would be
given one day per week

Requirement to get service

No precondition is defined so that any small-scale mining plc or individual/ group can get
service.

Background

Based on studies conducted in benishangul gumuz regional state the existence of different of
metallic and non-metallic mineral resource was confirmed. Traditional Gold mining activity have
been practiced by local inhabitant from ancient up to now.

Now formalized small group forming small scale mining plc acquire license from mining agency
and are engaged in mining for different mineral resource such as gold, coal, marble…. etc.

Project activity

The main activity of this project is to give consultancy service and guidance for small scale
mining plc and group involved in mining activity. The main activity includes

 Preliminary survey on active site and concerned office

 Preparation of appropriate document which aid for guidance
 Preliminary guidance

Stakeholder

The main stockholder for this project is Asossa University, Benishangul Gumuz minig Agency,
Asosa zone mining and water office, the target wereda mining and water office, small scale
mining plc.
Project cost

Dealing with mineral resource request sophisticated instrument. So, to give the proposed service
properly we need equipment as mentioned below

 Geological Hammer
 Hand lenses
 Compass
 Portable XRF
 Ore microscope
 Gemstone detector/identifier

Some of those instruments could be accessed from geology lab and other could be bought. Their
cost is given in table below

Item Price

Portable XRF 1000USD

Gemstone detector/identifier 500USD

Personal cost

Name Cost

Mujahi Transport Per dim cost for preliminary survey Cost for preliminary training Guidance and
d consultancy
Ibrahim Price*travelin place No Per day cost of place No Per day cost
Anezir g time*No of of individual *No day of individual
passenger day of day*No of *No of
And
participant day*No of
Abdu participant
Babakir
Asossa↔Kurmu 100*4*2=800 Kurmu 10 320*10*2=320 Kurmu 5 320*5*2=160 The service is
Asabir
k k 0 k 0 given freely for
individual/grou
Asossa↔Menge 75*4*2=600 Menge 10 320*10*2=320 Menge 5 320*5*2=160
p who are
0 0
engaged

Asossa↔Shirkol 100*4*2=800 Shirkol 10 320*10*2=320 Shirkol 5 320*5*2=160 actively in

e e 0 e 0 mining. But for

small scale
Total 2200 Total 21da 19200 Total 15da 9600 mining plc the
y y service would
be given at
small cost like
per day
payment.

Total 50,000
cost