WMSU-ISMP-GU-001.

00
Effective Date: 7-DEC-2016

National Service Training Program – Literacy Training Service

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM)

Disasters have always been a result of human interaction with nature, technology and other
living entities. Sometimes unpredictable and sudden, sometimes slow and lingering, various types
of disasters continually affect the way in which we live our daily lives. Human beings as innovative
creatures have sought new ways in which to curb the devastating effects of disasters. However,
for years human conduct regarding disasters has been reactive in nature. Communities,
sometimes aware of the risks that they face, would wait in anticipation of a disastrous event and
then activate plans and procedures. Human social and economic development has further
contributed to creating vulnerability and thus weakening the ability of humans to cope with
disasters and their effects.
Disasters impede human development. Gains in development are inextricably linked to the
level of exposure to disaster risk within any given community. In the same light, the level of
disaster risk prevalent in a community is linked to the developmental choices exerted by that
community (UNDP, 2004). The link between disasters and development is well researched and
documented. The fact that disasters impact on development (e.g. a school being washed away in
a flood) and development increases or decreases the risk of disasters (e.g. introducing
earthquake-resistant building techniques) is widely accepted. Yet, every year Africa suffers
disaster losses which set back development and leave our communities living in a perpetual state
of risk.
Africa has come a long way since the global arena emphasised the need for multi
stakeholder disaster risk reduction rather than continuing the unsustainable cycle of disaster
management. The 2000s saw a number of declarations, policies, strategies, plans and
programmes developed. Yet very little real implementation of the above is evident on the African
continent, despite a number of inter-regional and high-level discussions and forms of collaboration.
The following module will introduce you to the field of disaster risk reduction. The first part of the
module will focus on defining the basic, but most important, terms in relation to disaster studies.

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The different elements of disaster risk management will enjoy attention, and how these different
elements contribute to our understanding and better management of risk and disasters will be
explained. Different types of introduction to disaster risk reduction 6 hazards, vulnerability
domains and risks will also be discussed. This module also provides a more theoretical look at the
evolution of the study of disasters and in doing so emphasis will be placed on the trans disciplinary
nature of disaster risk reduction. After the theoretical foundation for the understanding of disaster
risk management has been laid, the emphasis will shift towards an understanding of how disaster
risk management functions as an integrated approach within the context of sustainable
development. The last part of this module will provide you with insight into some of the cross-
cutting issues such as climate change and adaptation, disaster risk governance and gender and
disaster risk issues.
You have learned much about the different issues and problems that concern us, citizens
and our country as a whole. You are now aware of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) as it
calls us to do our part whether big or small action to respond to the world’s main development
challenges. In this session, you will be re-introduced to the current Philippine disaster
situation, how our government, local sectors and private institutions work together for a
cohesive Disaster Risk Reduction Management Program. Also prepare to be trained in basic first
aid and immobilization procedure, a necessary preparation in disaster prone country like
the Philippines.
You will be able to analyze the current disaster situation in the Philippines, identify the
recent disaster risk reduction management program in the Philippines and how it adapts to the
changing disaster situation of the country, gain knowledge and skills in assessing capacity and
vulnerability of a disaster prone community, integrate the knowledge and skills learned in this
module in the community fieldwork Let us see how much you know about the current situation of
our country specifically to Metro Manila. If you are familiar with the facts that will be detailed
below, that’s a good job. For those who encounter these for the first time, this is a moment for
you to reflect on the things that might happen to us if a disaster will happen in the country.
The important question that we need to answer is why is the Philippines VULNERABLE to disaster?

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Topic Outline:

1. Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM)

a. Concepts, Principles and Trends (RA 10121)
b. Geographic Profile of the Philippines
c. Disaster Risk Profile of the Philippines (focus on specific region/area where
the school is located)
d. Four Thematic Areas of the Philippine Disaster Management System
e. Role of the Youth in Disaster Preparedness and Management
f. Basic Disaster Preparedness and Response Training (Survival Training)

Try This!

Directions: For each of the natural disaster problem listed below, state one possible effect
on health, property and economic cost. (16 points)
Natural Disaster Impact on Impact on Economic Example of any
property
health Cost or damage situation

Volcano

Flood

Earthquake

Tsunami

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Think Ahead!

Directions: Answer the following questions.

1. Describe the geographical profile of the Philippines. (10 points)

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2. Identify the Philippine disaster (5 points)

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3. Explain Philippine disaster Reduction and Management in the disaster preparedness.

(10 points)
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4. Discuss the role of the youth in the disaster preparedness (10 points)
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5. Name atleast 10 common types of disaster.

a. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
c. ______________________________
d. ______________________________
e. ______________________________
f. _________________________________
g. _________________________________
h. _________________________________
i. __________________________________
j. __________________________________

6. What is disaster risk?

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7. What is disaster risk reduction?

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See if you can do this!

Directions: Write the letter of the answer on the blank.

_____ 1. Which of the following diseases appeared as public health concern in the last quarter of
20th century?
a. HIV c. Escherichia coli O157:H7
b. Ebola virus d. All of the above
_____ 2. A disease that becomes unusually widespread and even global in its reach is referred to
as
a. Epidemic c. Spanish flu
b. Pandemic d. Hyperendemic
_____ 3. Zika virus is related to which of the following diseases
a. Dengue c. Japanese encephalitis
b. Yellow fever d. All of the above
_____ 4. What is Ring of Fire?
a. Belt of volcanoes in the Circum Pacific region
b. Belt of volcanoes in the mid-continental region
c. Belt of volcanoes in the mid-atlantic region
d. None of the above
_____ 5. Volcanoes are generally found where?
a. Intraplates pull apart or are coming together
b. Tectonic plates pull apart or are coming together
c. Earth's crust pull apart or are coming together
d. None of these pull apart or are coming together
_____ 6. Volcanic erupted material when inside the hill/earth/mountain it is called ___________
a. Lava b. Magma c. Lahars d. None of these
_____ 7. Which of the following is not a man-made hazard?
a. Leakage of Toxic waste c. Drought
b. Wars and Civil Strife d. Environmental pollution

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_____ 8. Cyclones occurring in North Atlantic ocean are called ______

a. Typhoon b. Hurricanes c. Tornado d. None of the above
_____ 9. Disaster Management includes:
a. Mitigation c. Rehabilitation
b. Reconstruction d. All of the above
_____ 10. Tsunami’s can occur only during
a. Evening c. Any time of the day or night
b. Afternoon d. Morning
_____ 11. United Nations disaster management team are responsible for solving problems
resulting from disaster in ______
a. Asia b. Africa c. Australia d. All continents
_____ 12. Effective hazard management largely rely on _____
a. Government agencies c. Pre-disaster planning
b. Emergency responses d. Volcanoes
_____ 13. Which of the following is seasonally related hazard ______
a. Earthquake c. Terrorist attack
b. Volcanic eruption d. None of the above
_____ 14. The level of harm by a hazard is governed by ______
a. Magnitude of the hazard c. Intensity at the impact point
b. Frequency of the hazard d. All of the above
______ 15. Which of the following is not an atmospheric hazard
a. Epidemic in human c. Heavy rainfall
b. Hail d. hurricanes
______ 16. What is an appropriate strategy for responding to an individual experiencing acute

distress?

a. Have the individual list everything that they lost in the disaster.

b. Have the individual receive disaster preparedness training.

c. Have the individual state their most urgent needs.

d. Have the individual think about what they will need in the future.

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______ 17. Which is an individual health consequence during an extreme high temperature
condition?
a. adequate hydration c. hyperactivity
b. heat exhaustion d. uncontrollable chills
______ 18. According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), stored food and
water in a home disaster supply kit should be changed every:
a. two months c. six months
b. three months d. twelve months
______ 19. Data collected through disease surveillance to help guide the response is
distributed
a. in the professional literature
b. throughout the organization and widely to the public
c. to the management chain and other stakeholders
d. within media channels
______ 20. Disaster recovery efforts include
a. conducting a hazard vulnerability analysis
b. reconnecting displaced populations with essential health and social services
c. strategies responders to strengthen capabilities
d. training responders to strengthen capabilities

Prepared by:
Prof. Joebert P. Alberto
WMSU NSTP LTS Facilitator

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