Materials Today: Proceedings 47 (2021) 6867–6869

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Materials Today: Proceedings

journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matpr

Fixed points results in b-metric spaces

Sharad Kumar Barve a, Qazi Aftab Kabir b,⇑, Divya Gautam c, Masroor Mohmmad d, Ramakant Bhardwaj e
a
Department of Mathematics, J. H. Govt. P. G. College, Betul 460001, MP, India
b
Department of Mathematics, Govt. Gandhi Memorial Science College, Jammu 180016, India
d
Department of Mathematics, Safia Science College, Bhopal 462021, India
c
Department of CSE, ASET, Amity University, Gwalior 474020, Madhya Pradesh, India
e
Department of Mathematics, Amity University, Kolkata 700157, India

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history: In this paper, we prove a common fixed point theorem for four pairs of mappings which satisfy the ðE:AÞ
Received 5 October 2020 property in bmetric spaces. The proposed theorem expands and generalizes several well-known com-
Received in revised form 21 March 2021 parable results in the literature. Example is given showing that our result is proper extensions of the
Accepted 6 May 2021
existing ones. Obtained results are useful in solving Mechanical problems as well as in image processing
Available online 5 June 2021
and deep learning. The established results satisfy the previous well known results.
Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords:
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Confer-
Fixed points
Common fixed points
ence on Advances in Design, Materials and Manufacturing.
Weakly compatible mappings
(E.A)-property
B-metric space

1. Introduction 2. Definitions preliminaries

The concept of b-metric space was introduced by czerwik [9] in

1993, which used it to prove a generalization of the Banach con-
traction principle in spaces endowed with such kind of metrics. Definition. 2:1: [7] Let ðX; dÞ be a nonempty set and s  1 be a
Since then, this notion has been used by many authors to obtain given real number. A function d : X  X ! ½0; 1Þ is a b-metric if, for
various fixed point theorems. Aydi et al. [2] proved common fixed all x; y; z 2 X; the following conditions are satisfied:
point results for single valued and multi-valued mappings satisfy-
ðb1Þdðx; yÞ ¼ 0ifandonlyifx ¼ y;
ing a weak ucontraction in b-metric spaces.
In 2002, Aamari and El Moutawakil [1] defined a new property
ðb2Þdðx; yÞ ¼ dðy; xÞ;
called the ðE:AÞ property which generalizes the concept of non-
compatible mappings and proved some common fixed point theo-
ðb3Þdðx; zÞ  s½dðx; yÞ þ dðy; zÞ
rems: Recently, Ozturk and Turkoglu [10] proved common fixed
point theorems for mappings satisfying ðE:AÞproperty in b- In this case, the pair ðX; dÞ is called a b-metric space.
metric spaces. Different authors apply this concept to prove the It should be noted that, the class of b-metric spaces is
existence of common fixed points (see [2–5]): effectively larger than that of metric spaces; every metric is a b-
In this paper, we prove a common fixed point theorem for metric with s ¼ 1:
weakly compatible mappings satisfying ðE:AÞproperty in b-
metric spaces. Which involves improvement and generalization
Definition. 2:2:[9] Let fxn g be a sequence in a b-metric space
of the fixed points due to Ozturk and Turkoglu [10]; Ozturk and
ðX; dÞ:
Radenovi [11]:
 fxn g is called b-convergent if and only if there is x 2 X such that
dðxn ; xÞ ! 0 as n ! 1:
⇑ Corresponding author.  fxn g is a b-Cauchy sequence if and only if dðxn ; xm Þ !
E-mail address: rbhardwaj@kol.amity.edu (Q. Aftab Kabir). 0asn; m ! 1:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.05.147
2214-7853/Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Advances in Design, Materials and Manufacturing.
S. Kumar Barve, Q. Aftab Kabir, D. Gautam et al. Materials Today: Proceedings 47 (2021) 6867–6869

 A b-metric space ðX; dÞ is said to be complete if and only if each  AðXÞ # TðXÞandBðXÞ # SðXÞ;
b-cauchy sequence in this space is b-convergent.  One of the pairs ðA; SÞorðB; TÞ satisfies property ðE : AÞ;
 For all x; y 2 X; / 2 U;
 One of AðXÞ; BðXÞ; SðXÞorTðXÞ is a complete subspace of X:
Lemma. 2:1:[9] Let ðX; dÞ be a b-metric space withs  1:
dðAx; By; ByÞ  /½maxfdðSx; Ty; TyÞ; dðSx; By; ByÞ; dðTy; By; ByÞg;
 If a sequence fxn g  X is a b-convergent sequence, then it
Then the pairs ðA; SÞ and ðB; T Þ have a coincidence point. Further,
admits a unique limit.
if ðA; SÞandðB; T Þ are weakly compatible, then A; B; SandT have a
 Every b-convergent sequence in X is b-cauchy.
unique common fixed point in X:
Proof : Suppose the pair ðB; T Þ satisfies the propertyðE:AÞ; then
there exists a sequence
Definition. 2:3: [10] A pair ðA; BÞ of self-mapping on a b-metric fxn g in X such that lim Bxn ¼ lim Txn ¼ p for some p 2 X.
n!1 n!1
space ðX; dÞ is said to be satisfy the ðE:AÞproperty if there exists
SinceBðX Þ # SðX Þ, there
a sequence fxn g in X such that Axn ¼ Bxn ¼ t; forsomet 2 X:
exists a sequence fyn g in X such that Bxn ¼ Syn . Hence
lim Syn ¼ p:
n!1
Definition. 2:4: [11] Let ðX; dÞ be a b-metric space and A and B be Now, we show that lim Ayn ¼ p:
n!1
self mappings on X:
FromðiiiÞ, we have
 A and B are said to compatible if whenever a sequence fxn g in X dðAyn ; Bxn ; Bxn Þ 
is such that fAxn g and fBxn g are bConvergent to some t 2 X; /½maxfdðSyn ; Txn ; Txn Þ; dðSyn ; Bxn ; Bxn Þ; dðTxn ; Bxn ; Bxn Þg:
then dðABxn ; BAxn Þ ¼ 0:
 A and B are said to noncompatible if there exist at least one Taking the limit as n ! 1 and using the fact that £ðrÞ is contin-
sequence fxn g in X is such that fAxn g and fBxn g are bConver- uous at r ¼ 0; we get
gent to some t 2 X; but lim dðABxn ; BAxn Þ is either nonzero or lim dðAyn ; p; pÞ  /½maxfdðp; p; pÞ; dðp; p; pÞ; dðp; p; pÞg:
n!1
n!1
does not exist.
 A and B are said to satisfy the ðE:AÞproperty if there exists a
sequence fxn g such that Axn ¼ Bxn ¼ t; forsomet 2 X:
¼ /½maxf0; 0; 0g ¼ /ð0Þ ¼ 0;

and so, lim Ayn ¼ p:

Definition. 2:5: [6] A and B be given self-mappings on a set X: the n!1

pair ðA; BÞ is said to be weakly compatible if A and B commute at Thus, we havelim Ayn ¼ lim Syn ¼ lim Bxn ¼ lim Txn ¼ p.
n!1 n!1 n!1 n!1
their coincidence points i:e:ABx ¼ BAx; whneverAx ¼ Bx: Suppose that SðXÞ is a complete subspace ofX. Then P ¼ Su; for
someu 2 X:
Proposition. 2:1: [10] Let A and B be weakly compatible mappings Subsequently, we
of a bmetric space ðX; dÞ into itself. Suppose that havelim Ayn ¼ lim Syn ¼ lim Bxn ¼ lim Txn ¼ p ¼ su.
n!1 n!1 n!1 n!1
Axn ¼ Bxn ¼ tforsomet 2 X:then We now prove that Au ¼ Su ¼ p:
FromðiiiÞ, we have

dðAu; Bxn ; Bxn Þ 

 BAxn ¼ AtifAis continuous at t. /½maxfdðSu; Txn ; Txn Þ; dðSu; Bxn ; Bxn Þ; dðTxn ; Bxn ; Bxn Þg:
 ABxn ¼ BtifB is continuous at t.
 ABt ¼ BAtandAt ¼ BtifAandBbotharecontinuousatt: Taking the limit asn ! 1, and using the property of/, we get
dðAu; Su; SuÞ  /½maxfdðp; p; pÞ; dðp; p; pÞ; dðp; p; pÞg
On the other hand, ðE : AÞproperty was introduced in 2002 by
Aamri and Moutaawakil [1]. Later, some authors employed this ¼ /½maxf0; 0; 0g ¼ /ð0Þ ¼ 0;
concept to obtain some new fixed point results ([3,5,6,8]): in this
paper; we have proved a common fixed point theorem for four pairs Which implies Au ¼ Su: therefore, u is a coincidence point for
of mappings which satisfy the ðE : AÞ property in bmetric spaces. the pair ðA; SÞ:
The weak compatibility of AandS implies that ASu ¼ SAu and
hence AAu ¼ ASu ¼ SAu ¼ SSu Since, A(X) hT(X), there existsv 2 X
3. Main results
such that Au ¼ T v : we claim that T v ¼ Bv or Au ¼ Bv :
Suppose not, from ðiiiÞ and using the fact that £ðrÞ < r; we have
In this section, the notion of the property (E.A) has been used to
prove a common fixed point theorem for weakly compatible map- dðAu; Bv ; Bv Þ  /½maxfdðSu; T v ; T v Þ; dðSu; Bv ; Bv Þ; dðT v ; Bv ; Bv Þg
pings. Let U denote the set of all continuous func-
tions/ : ½0; 1Þ ! ½0; 1Þ such that
¼ /½maxf0; dðAu; Bv ; Bv Þ; dðAu; Bv ; Bv Þg
U is non-decreasing;
lim U/n ðt Þ ¼ 0; for all t 2 ½0; 1Þ:
n!1 ¼ /½dðAu; Bv ; Bv Þ < dðAu; Bv ; Bv Þ;
If/ 2 U, then it is an easy to show that/ð0) ¼ 0 and /ðtÞ < t for
Which is a contradiction to the supposition that Au–Bv Hence
all t 2 ½0; 1Þ(see, Babu et al. [5]Þ:
Au ¼ Bv ¼ T v : it follows therefore that the pair ðB; TÞ has also a
coincidence point. The weak compatibility of B and T implies
Theorem. 3:1: Let ðX; dÞ be a complete b-metric space and
thatBT v ¼ TBv ¼ TT v ¼ BBv .
A; B; S; T : X  X be four mappings such that

6868
S. Kumar Barve, Q. Aftab Kabir, D. Gautam et al.
Finally, we show that Au is a common fixed point of A andS.
Suppose not, then from (iii) and by using the property of£we get
dðAAu; Au; AuÞ ¼ dðAAu; Bv ; Bv Þ
 /½maxfdðSAu; T v ; T v Þ; dðSAu; Bv ; Bv Þ; dðT v ; Bv ; Bv Þg
¼ /½maxfdðAAu; Au; AuÞ; dðAAu; Au; AuÞ; dðAu; Au; AuÞg
¼ /½maxfdðAAu; Au; AuÞ; dðAAu; Au; AuÞ; 0g
¼ /½dðAAu; Au; AuÞ < dðAAu; Au; AuÞ;
This gives a contradiction. Therefore, Au; AAu; SAu is a common
fixed point of A and S:
Similarly, one can prove that Bv is a common fixed point of B
and T: since Au ¼ Bv ; we deduce that Auis a common fixed point
of A; B; SandT:
For uniqueness, suppose x andy , with x –y are two common
fixed points of A; B; SandT: then, from ðiiiÞ; and using the property
of/; we have
dðx ; y ; y Þ ¼ dðAx ; By ; By Þ
 /½maxfdðSx ; Ty ; Ty Þ; dðSx ; By ; By Þ; dðTx ; By ; By Þg
 /½maxfdðx ; y ; y Þ; dðx ; y ; y Þ; dðy ; y ; y Þg
¼ /½dðx ; y ; y Þ < dðx ; y ; y Þ;
Which is a contradiction and so there must bex ¼ y . Therefore
A; B; SandT have a unique common fixed point. On the similar lines,
one can obtain the same conclusion in case one of AðXÞ; BðXÞorTðXÞ
is a complete subspace of X instead ofSðXÞ, and in case the pair
ðA; SÞ satisfies the property ðE:AÞin place of pair ðB; TÞ: This com-
pletes the proof of the theorem.
Example. 3:1: Let X ¼ ½0; 2and d : X  X  X ! ½0; 1Þ be defined by
dðx; y; zÞ ¼ maxfjx  yj; jy  zj; jz  xjg; forallx; y; z 2 X:
Define also A; B; S : X  Xby Ax ¼ 1; Bx ¼ 2  x and Sx ¼ x; for
allx 2 X and £ : ð0; 1Þ ! ½0; 1Þ by
/ðt Þ ¼ 2t ; 2 for all t  0: clearly, the hypotheses ðiÞ and ðiv Þ of the
Corollary 7:3:1 hold trivially. Moreover, the pair (A, S) satisfies the
property (E.A). Here we show only that the hypothesis (iii) holds. In
fact, for all x; y 2 X we have
dðAx; By; ByÞ ¼ dð1; 2  y; 2  yÞ ¼ j1  yj;
dðSx; Sy; SyÞ ¼ dðx; y; yÞ ¼ jx  yj;
dðSx; By; ByÞ ¼ dðx; 2  y; 2  yÞ ¼ j2  x  yj;
dðSy; By; ByÞ ¼ dðy; 2  y; 2  yÞ ¼ 2j1  yj;
And consequently
dðAx; By; ByÞ ¼ j1  yj
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Materials Today: Proceedings 47 (2021) 6867–6869
1
¼ 2j1  yj ¼ /ðdðSy; By; ByÞÞ
2
 /½maxfdðSx; Sy; SyÞ; dðSx; By; ByÞ; dðSy; By; ByÞg
Then, by the Corollary 7:3:1; the pairs ðA; SÞ andðB; SÞ have a
coincidence point, that isx ¼ 1. Moreover, if ðA; SÞ andðB; SÞ are
weakly compatible, then x ¼ 1 is the unique common fixed point
of A, B and S in X.
CRediT authorship contribution statement
Sharad Kumar Barve: Conceptualization. Qazi Aftab Kabir:
Formal Analysis. Divya Gautam: Validation. Masroor Mohmmad:
Visualization. Ramakant Bhardwaj: Original draft writing.
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing finan-
cial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared
to influence the work reported in this paper.
References
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strict contractive conditions, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 270 (1) (2002) 181–188.
[2] H. Aydi, M.F. Bota, E. Karapinar, S. Moradi, A common fixed point for weak
contractions on b-metric spaces, Fixed Point Theory 13 (2012) 337–346.
[3] G.V.R. Babu, A.G. Negas. A common fixed point theorem for weakly compatible
mappings, Appl. Math., E-Notes, 10 2010 167-174.
[4] G.V.R. Babu, P.D. Sailaja, Common fixed points of w, u-weak quasi contractions
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[5] G.V.R. Babu, G.N. Alemayehu, A common fixed point theorem for weakly
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[6] I.A. Bakhtin, The contraction mapping principle in almost metric spaces, Func.
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[8] M. Boriceanu, Strict fixed point theorems for multivalued operators in b-metric
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Further Reading
[1] M. Demma, P. Vetro. Picard sequence and fixed point results on b-metric
spaces, J. Function Spaces 2015 6-12.
[2] Q.A. Kabir, R. Bhardwaj, M. Mohammad, R. Verma, S.K. Barve, An intersection
property gluing on weak outwardly hyperconvex spaces, Mater. Today Proc. 29
(2020) 605–610.
[3] M. Mohammad, R. Bhardwaj, Q.A. Kabir, S.K. Barve, M. Dassani, Fixed point
theorems, multi-valued contractive mappings and multi-valued caristi type
mappings, Mater. Today Proc. 29 (2020) 625–632.
[4] S. Mudgal, Fixed points theorems for weakly compatible maps along with
property (E.A.), Int. J. Comput. Appl. 96 (24) (2014) 975–8887.
[5] Verma Rupali, Q.A. Kabir, M.S. Chauhan, R. Shrivastava. Generalized Fixed point
Theorem for multi-valued contractive mapping in cone b-metric space, Adv.
Appl. Math. Sci. 19 2020 825-832.