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Fixed point theorems, multi-valued contractive mappings and multi-

valuedcaristi type mappings

Article  in  Materials Today: Proceedings · January 2020

DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.324

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Materials Today: Proceedings 29 (2020) 625–632 www.materialstoday.com/proceedings

NSES2018

Fixed point theorems, multi-valued contractive mappings and multi-

valuedcaristi type mappings.
Masroor Mohammad*a, RamakantBhardwajb, Qazi Aftab Kabirc, Sharad Kumar Barved
and MamtaDassanie.
*a,c
Department of Mathematics Saifia Science College Bhopal, India-462001.
b
Department of Mathematics, T I T Bhopal, India-42021.
d
J. H. Govt. P. G. College Betul, India-460001.
e
Department of Mathematics,Chander Shaker Azad Institute of Science & Technology Jhansi-284002.

Abstract

In this paper, a fixed point theorem is established for multi-valued contractive-mappings in FMS and Caristi fixed point theorem
is summed up to the instance of multi-valued mappings in FMS. Illustrations are given to support fundamental outcomes. These
outcomes are the expansions of the outcomesacquired by Feng and Liu (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 317:103-112, 2006) to the case of
FMS.

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Selection and Peer-review under responsibility of National Conference on “Smart Materials: Energy and Environment for Smart Cities (NSES-
2018).

Keywords:Fixed point;multi-valued maps;C- Sequance;FMS

1. Introduction

Banach contraction principle is by and large acknowledged as the wellspring of metric fixed-point theory. This
rationale assumes an imperative part in various branches of mathematics, due to this grandness it has extensive
charge (see [1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 23, 32]); especially, the authors [22, 23, 27] summed up Banach’s rationale to the instance
of multi-valued mappings. Feng and Liu summed upNadler’s fixed-pointtheorem as;

* Corresponding author. Tel +91798717916 E-mail; jaanmasroor@gmail.com

2214-7853© 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Selection and Peer-review under responsibility of National Conference on “Smart Materials: Energy and Environment for Smart Cities (NSES-
2018).
626 M. Mohammad et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings 29 (2020) 625–632

Theorem 1.1. [8] Let(𝑋, 𝑑) be a C-metric-space and let𝑇: 𝑋 → 2 be a multi-valued map such that𝑇𝑥is a closed
subset of𝑋for all𝑥 ∈ 𝑋.
Let𝐽 = {𝑦 ∈ 𝑇𝑥: 𝑏𝑑(𝑥, 𝑦) ≤ 𝑑(𝑥, 𝑇𝑥)}, where𝑏 ∈ (0,1).
If ∃ a constant𝑐 ∈ (0,1), 𝑠. 𝑡., for any𝑥 ∈ 𝑋, ∃ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐽 satisfying
𝑑(𝑥, 𝑇𝑦) ≤ 𝑐𝑑(𝑥, 𝑦)

then𝑇has a fixed point in𝑋, i.e., there exists𝑧 ∈ 𝑋such that𝑧 ∈ 𝑇𝑧provided𝑐 < 𝑏and the function𝑑(𝑥, 𝑇𝑥), 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋is
lower semicontinuous.
In 1965 Zadeh [34] initiated the idea ofFS. FMSwerepresented by Kramosil and Michalek [21]. Rodrguez-Lopez
and Romaguera [26] presentedHFM on a set of nonempty closed and bounded subsets of a given FMS. Various
authors have studied Fixed-point theory in FMS, (see[28, 10, 11, 12, 29, 30]) and the point of references therein.
Fixed-point theorems for multi-valued fuzzy contraction maps in FMS are proven by Kianyet al. [20] and received
generalization of Banach rationale for FMS. The bearing of this paper is to obtain fixed-point theorems for multi-
valued mapping in FMS. As an outcome we devote a stimulus expression of Theorem 1.1 to the instance of FMS and
we build up a Caristi-type fixed-point theorem for multi-valued maps.

2. Preliminaries

Throughout this paperFS represents FS, FMS represents fuzzy metric space, C- Sequence represents Cauchy
sequence, HFS represents Hausdorff fuzzy metric, nbd represents neighbourhoodand CFMS represents complete
fuzzy metric space.
Definition 2.1. [31] A binary operation ∗ ∶ [0,1] → [0,1] is called a continuous 𝑡 − 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚if for all 𝑙, 𝑚, 𝑛, 𝑝 ∈
[0,1];
I. ∗ is associative and commutative;
II. ∗is continuous;
III. 𝑙 ∗ 1 = 𝑙
IV. 𝑙 ∗ 𝑚 ≤ 𝑛 ∗ 𝑝whenever 𝑙 ≤ 𝑛and 𝑚 ≤ 𝑝;
Definition 2.2 (compare [21]) A FMSis a triple (𝑋, 𝑀,∗) such that ∗is a continuous𝑡 − 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚 and 𝑀 is aFS in
𝑋 × 𝑋 × [0, ∞) such that ∀ 𝑧 , 𝑧 , 𝑧 ∈ 𝑍; 𝑠, 𝑡 ∈ (0, ∞):
1. 𝑀(𝑧 , 𝑧 , 0) = 0,
2. 𝑀(𝑧 , 𝑧 , 𝑡) = 1for all 𝑡 > 0if and only if 𝑧 = 𝑧 ,
3. 𝑀(𝑧 , 𝑧 , 𝑡) = 𝑀(𝑧 , 𝑧 , 𝑡),
4. 𝑀(𝑧 , 𝑧 , 𝑡 + 𝑠) ≥ 𝑀(𝑧 , 𝑧 , 𝑡) ∗ 𝑀(𝑧 , 𝑧 , 𝑠)for all 𝑡, 𝑠 ≥ 0,
5. 𝑀(𝑧 , 𝑧 , . ): (0, +∞) → [0,1] is continuous.
 M. Mohammad et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings 29 (2020) 625–632 627

The pair (𝑀,∗) is said to be a FM on 𝑍. It is easy to see that ∀ 𝑧 , 𝑧 , 𝑧 ∈ 𝑍, 𝑀(𝑧 , 𝑧 , . ) is a non-decreasing

function on [0, +∞). Each fuzzy metric (𝑀,∗) on a set 𝑍induces a topology 𝜏 on 𝑋with the family of open balls as
a base.
{𝐵 (𝑧 , 𝜀, 𝑡): 𝑧 𝜖𝑍, 𝜀 ∈ (0,1), 𝑡 > 0},
where
{𝐵 (𝑧 , 𝜀, 𝑡) = {𝑧 ∈ 𝑍: 𝑀(𝑧 , 𝑧 , 𝑡) > 1 − 𝜀}.
with a sequence {𝑧 } converging to 𝑧 ∈ 𝑍 w.r.t. 𝜏 iff. lim → 𝑀(𝑧 , 𝑧 , 𝑡) = 1. ∀ 𝑀 : 𝑍 × 𝑍 × [0, ∞) → [0,1].
Definition 2.4 Let (𝑀, 𝑋,∗) be aFMS, then 𝑀is continuous on 𝑥 × [0, ∞) if
lim 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑦 , 𝑡 ) = 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑡)
→

Whenever sequence {(𝑥 , 𝑦 , 𝑡 )}is in 𝑥 × [0, ∞) converging to a point (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑡) ∈ 𝑋 × [0, ∞); that is,
lim 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑦 , 𝑡 ) = lim 𝑀(𝑦 , 𝑦, 𝑡) = 1
→ →

lim 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑡 ) = 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑡)

→

Lemma 2.5 [11] 𝑀is a said to be continuous function on 𝑋 × [0, ∞).

Lemma 2.6 [20] If (𝑋, 𝑀,∗) is aFMS satisfying
lim ∗ 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑡ℎ ) = 1 (1)
→

∀ 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑋, 𝑡 > 0and ℎ > 1. {𝑥 }is a sequences in 𝑋satisfying

𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝛼𝑡) ≥ 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡)
∀ 𝑛 ∈ ℕ and 𝑂 < 𝛼 < 1. Then {𝑥 }is a C-Sequence.
Lemma 2.7 [26] If (𝑋, 𝑀,∗) is aFMS. Then, for each 𝑎 ∈ 𝑋 , 𝐵 ∈ 𝐾(𝑋) and 𝑡 > 0 , there is 𝑏 ∈ 𝐵 such that
𝑀(𝑎, 𝐵, 𝑡) = 𝑀(𝑎, 𝑏 , 𝑡).
Conforming with [26], recall the concept of Hausdorff-FM imagined by a FM𝑀as follows: For 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋, and 𝐴, 𝐵 ∈
𝐾(𝑋) define:

𝐻 (𝐴, 𝐵, 𝑡) = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 inf 𝑀 (𝑎, 𝐵, 𝑡), inf 𝑀 (𝐴, 𝑏, 𝑡)

∈ ∈

∀ 𝑡 > 0, where 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑎, 𝑡) = sup ∈ 𝑀 (𝑥, 𝑎, 𝑡).Then 𝐻 is said to be HFM imagined by 𝑀. The triplet (𝐾(𝑋), 𝐻 ,∗)
is said to be HFMS.
Definition 2.8 A function 𝑓: 𝑋 → ℝ is called L-semicontinuous, if for any {𝑥 } ⊂ X and 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋, 𝑥 → 𝑥 implies
𝑓(𝑥 ) ≤ lim → inf 𝑓(𝑥 ) . A function 𝑓: 𝑋 → ℝ is called upper semicontinuous, if for any {𝑥 } ⊂ X and 𝑥 ∈
𝑋, 𝑥 → 𝑥implies 𝑓(𝑥 ) ≥ lim → sup 𝑓(𝑥 ).A multi-valued mapping 𝑇: 𝑋 → 2 (collection of non-empty subsets
of 𝑋) is called upper-semicontinuous, if for any 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 and a nbhd𝑉of 𝑇(𝑋), there is a nbhd 𝑈of𝑥such that for any
𝑦 ∈ 𝑈, 𝑇(𝑦) ⊂ 𝑉 . A multi-valued-mapping 𝑇: 𝑋 → 2 (collection of non-empty subsets of 𝑋 ) is called L-
semicontinuous, if for 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋and a nbhd𝑉, 𝑉 ∩ 𝑇(𝑥) ≠ 𝜑,there is a nbhd𝑈of 𝑥such that for 𝑦 ∈ 𝑈, 𝑇(𝑦) ∩ 𝑉 ≠ 𝜑.
628 M. Mohammad et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings 29 (2020) 625–632

3. Multi-valued Contractive Mappings in FMS.

Suppose 𝑇: 𝑋 → 2 be a multi-valued mapping. Define 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑇𝑥, 𝑡) for 𝑡 > 0 . For a positive constant
𝑏 ∈ (0,1), we define a set
𝐽 = {𝑦 ∈ 𝑇𝑥: 𝑏[𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑡) + 𝑀(𝑇𝑥, 𝑇𝑦, 𝑡) ≥ 𝑀(𝑦, 𝑇𝑦, 𝑡)]}
Theorem 3.1. Let (𝑋, 𝑀,∗) be a C-FMS and let 𝑇: 𝑋 → 𝑁(𝑋) be a multi-valued mapping. If there exists a constant
𝑘 ∈ (0,1)such that for any𝑥 ∈ (𝑋, 𝑀,∗) there exists𝑦 ∈ 𝐽 satisfying
𝑀(𝑦, 𝑇𝑦, 𝑡) ≥ 𝑘[𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑡) ∗ 𝑀(𝑇𝑥, 𝑇𝑦, 𝑡)], (3.1)
Where𝐽 = {𝑦 ∈ 𝑇𝑥: 𝑏[𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑡) ∗ 𝑀(𝑇𝑥, 𝑇𝑦, 𝑡)] ≤ 𝑀(𝑦, 𝑇𝑦, 𝑡)}.
then T has a fixed-point in(𝑋, 𝑀,∗) provided 𝑘 < 𝑏 and 𝑆 is sequentially upper semi continuous.

Proof: For 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋, 𝑇𝑥 ∈ 𝑁(𝑋). For any constant 𝑏 ∈ (0,1)𝐽 is nonempty.

For 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋, ∃ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 such that
𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑘𝑡) ≥ 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡) ∗ 𝑀(𝑇𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡)
For 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋, ∃ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 satisfying
𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑘𝑡) ≥ 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡) ∗ 𝑀(𝑇𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡)
Continuing this process, we can find a sequence {𝑥 } ⊂ 𝑋 such that
𝑥 ∈𝐽
and
(3.2) 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑘𝑡) ≥ 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡) ∗ 𝑀(𝑇𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡), 𝑛 = 0,1,2,3, … … … …
Now we will show {𝑥 }C-Sequence in 𝑋.
On the one hand,
(3.3) 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑘𝑡) ≥ 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡) ∗ 𝑀(𝑇𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡),
𝑛 = 0,1,2,3, … … … …
On the other hand
𝑥 ∈𝐽 ⟹ 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡) ∗ 𝑀(𝑇𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡) ≤ 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑏𝑡),
𝑛 = 0,1,2,3, … … … …
By the above inequalities we have
𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑘𝑡) ≥ 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑏𝑡), 𝑛 = 0,1,2,3, … … … …
𝑏
𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡) ≥ 𝑀 𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡 , 𝑛 = 0,1,2,3, … … … …
𝑘
That is
𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡) ≥ 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑐𝑡), 𝑛 = 0,1,2,3, … … … …
 M. Mohammad et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings 29 (2020) 625–632 629

Where = 𝑐

Hence, easy to prove,

1 1
𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡) ∗ 𝑀(𝑇𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡) ≥ 𝑀 𝑥 ,𝑥
𝑡 ∗ 𝑀 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡
𝑐 𝑐
1 1 1 1
≥𝑀 𝑥 ,𝑥 𝑡 ∗ 𝑀 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡 … … … ≥ 𝑀 𝑥 , 𝑥 𝑡 ∗ 𝑀 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡
𝑐 𝑐 𝑐 𝑐
For 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁 and 0 < 𝑐 < 1. we have 𝜆 > 1, such that 𝜆𝑐 < 1, then < 1 and ∑ < 1, that is ∑ < 1, we get

𝑡 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡) ≤ 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡) ∗ 𝑀(𝑥 ,𝑥 , 𝑡) ∗ … … … … ∗ 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡)

1 1 1 1
≤ + + …………+ + <𝑡
𝜆 𝜆 𝜆 𝜆
For all 𝑚 > 𝑛, and 𝜆 > 1. Also, we have
𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡) ∗ 𝑀(𝑇𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡)
1 1 1 1
≥ 𝑀 𝑥 ,𝑥 , + + …………+ +
𝜆 𝜆 𝜆 𝜆
1 1 1 1
∗ 𝑀 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , + + …………+ +
𝜆 𝜆 𝜆 𝜆
𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
≥𝑀 𝑥 ,𝑥 ∗ 𝑀 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , ∗ ………∗ 𝑀 𝑥 ,𝑥
𝜆 𝜆 𝜆
𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
≥ 𝑀 𝑥 ,𝑥 ∗ 𝑀 𝑥 ,𝑥 ∗ ………∗ 𝑀 𝑥 ,𝑥
(𝜆𝑐) (𝜆𝑐) (𝜆𝑐)
𝑡
≥∗ 𝑀 𝑥 ,𝑥
𝜆
Hence we have by Lemma 2.6
lim 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡) = 1
, →

⟹ {𝑥 } is a C-Sequence in 𝑋, follows from the completeness of 𝑋, ∃ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 such that 𝑙𝑖𝑚 → 𝑥 = 𝑥. thus from
(3.2) and (3.3) we have ℎ(𝑥 ) = 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡) is increasing and converges to 1. Since ℎ is upper semi continuous,
we have lim → 𝑠𝑢𝑝ℎ(𝑥 ) ≤ ℎ(𝑥) ≤ 1. Which implies ℎ(𝑥) = 1, so 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡) = 1. Thus by Lemma 2.7 we
have 𝑥 ∈ 𝑇𝑥.
Hence the result.

Example: Let 𝑋 = , ,…………, ∪ {0,1}, 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡) = |𝑥 − 𝑥 |, for 𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋, then 𝑋 is a C-FMS. We

define a mapping 𝑇: 𝑋 → 𝐶(𝑋)as

,1 , 𝑥 = , 𝑛 = 0,1, … …
𝑇(𝑥 ) =
0, , 𝑥 = 0.

Clearly, by Nadler’s meaning, 𝑇is not a contractive mapping.

actually, 𝐻 𝑇 , 𝑇(0) = ≥ = −0 =𝑑 , 0 , 𝑛 = 0,1, … … …

630 M. Mohammad et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings 29 (2020) 625–632

Otherwise, easy to compute

𝑥= , 𝑛 = 0,1,2,3, … …
ℎ(𝑥 ) = 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡) =
0, 𝑥 = 0,1.

hence ℎis continuous.

Furthermore, there exists 𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 . , such that
1
𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡) = 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡)
2
Then by Theorem 3.1 the existence of a fixed-point follows.
4. Caristi type mappings in FMS.
Lemma 4.1. Let(𝑋, 𝑀,∗) be a CFMS and let 𝑇: 𝑋 → 𝑁(𝑋) be a multi-valued mapping, 𝜑 ∶ 𝑋 → ℝ be a bounded
from below and lower semicontinuous function and 𝜂: [0, ∞) → [0, ∞) be a non-decreasing, continuous and sub-
additive function and such that 𝜂(𝑡) = 0 ⇔ 𝑡 = 0. We define partial relation “≤” on 𝑋as follows:
𝑥 ≤ 𝑥 ⇔ 𝜂 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡) ≤ 𝜑(𝑥 , 𝑡) − 𝜑(𝑥 , 𝑡), (4.1)
Proof: By utilising the fuzzy metric axioms, properties (3) and (4) for the fuzzy metric and (4.1), the proof of the
lemma follows.
Theorem 4.2. Let(𝑋, 𝑀,∗) be a CFMS and let 𝑇: 𝑋 → 𝑁(𝑋) be a multi-valued mapping, 𝜑: 𝑋 → ℝ be a bounded
from below and L-semi-continuous function and 𝜂: [0, ∞) → [0, ∞) be a non-decreasing, continuous and sub-
additive function and such that 𝜂 ({0}) = {0}. For any 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 there is𝑥 ∈ 𝑇𝑥 satisfying
𝜂 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡) ≤ 𝜑(𝑥 , 𝑡) − 𝜑(𝑥 , 𝑡),
Proof: By using lemma. 4.1.
Let 𝑧 ∗ be the fixed-point and let {𝑥 } be C-Sequence such that 𝜑(𝑥 , 𝑡) ≤ 𝜑(𝑥 , 𝑡) ∀ 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁, Since 𝑧 ∗ is complete
∃ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋, Such that
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑥 = 𝑥
→

Moreover,𝜑 is lower semi-continuous

𝜑(𝑥, 𝑡) ≤ 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝜑(𝑥 , 𝑡) ⟹ 𝜑(𝑥, 𝑡) ≤ 𝜑(𝑥 , 𝑡)∀ 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁
→

Now for 𝑚 > 𝑛, 𝑥 ≤ 𝑥 we obtain

𝜂 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡) ≤ 𝜑(𝑥 , 𝑡) − 𝜑(𝑥 , 𝑡),
Thus
𝜂 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡) ≤ 𝜑(𝑥 , 𝑡) − 𝜑(𝑥 , 𝑡) ≤ 𝜑(𝑥 , 𝑡) − 𝜑(𝑥, 𝑡)
As 𝜂, 𝑀 are continuous
⟹ 𝜂 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡) ≤ 𝜑(𝑥 , 𝑡) − 𝜑(𝑥, 𝑡)
Hence we have 𝑥 ≤ 𝑥 which implies 𝑥 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑧 ∗ .
Since 𝑧 ∗ is maximal element of 𝑋. Thus 𝑧 ∗ ∈ 𝑇𝑧 ∗ is the fixed-point of𝑋.
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Uniqueness: Let 𝑧 ∗∗ be the another fixed-point of𝑋. i.e.𝑧 ∗∗ ∈ 𝑇𝑧 ∗ such that

𝜂 𝑀(𝑧 ∗ , 𝑧 ∗∗ , 𝑡) ≤ 𝜑(𝑧 ∗ , 𝑡) − 𝜑(𝑧 ∗∗ , 𝑡)
Which implies 𝑧 ∗ ≤ 𝑧 ∗∗ , since 𝑧 ∗ is maximal member of𝑋, which implies 𝑧 ∗ = 𝑧 ∗∗ . So𝑧 ∗ ∈ 𝑇𝑧 ∗ .
Remark.Let(𝑋, 𝑀,∗) be a CFMS and let 𝑇: 𝐹 → 𝑁(𝐹 ) be a multi-valued mapping,𝜂: [0, ∞) → [0, ∞) be a non-
decreasing, continuous and sub-additive function, 𝜑: 𝑋 → ℝ be a bounded from below and L-semicontinuous
function and such that 𝜂 ({0}) = {0}. If for any𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 there is 𝑥 ∈ 𝑇𝑥 satisfying
𝜂 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡) ≤ 𝜑(𝑥 , 𝑡) − 𝜑(𝑥 , 𝑡),
Then 𝑇 has a fixed-point in𝑋.
Proof. Proofcan be seen as an extension of Theorem 2.1.
For 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋, ∃ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 such that
𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡) ≤ 𝑘[𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡) ∗ 𝑀(𝑇𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡)]
For 𝑥 ∈ 𝐽
𝑏[𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡) ∗ 𝑀(𝑇𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡)] ≤ 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡)
Let𝜂(𝑠) = (𝑏 − 𝑘)𝑠, and 𝜑(𝑥 , 𝑡) = 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡)
𝜂 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡) = (𝑏 − 𝑘)𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡)
= 𝑏𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡) − 𝑘𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡)
≤ 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡) ∗ 𝑏𝑀(𝑇𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡) ∗ 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡) ∗ 𝑘𝑀(𝑇𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡)
= 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡) ∗ 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡) ∗ (𝑘 − 𝑏)𝑀(𝑇𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡)
≤ 𝜑(𝑥 , 𝑡) − 𝜑(𝑥 , 𝑡) − 𝑞𝑀(𝑇𝑥 , 𝑇𝑥 , 𝑡)
Where 𝑘 − 𝑏 = −𝑞 < 0 ∉ (0,1) because 𝑘 < 𝑏, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑘, 𝑏 ∈ (0,1)
= 𝜑(𝑥 , 𝑡) − 𝜑(𝑥 , 𝑡)
𝜂 𝑀(𝑥 , 𝑥 , 𝑡) ≤ 𝜑(𝑥 , 𝑡) − 𝜑(𝑥 , 𝑡)
Thus, T has a fixed-point by theorem (3.1) as φ is bounded and L-semicontinuous.

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