Mechanics of Materials

CIE 212

BS. Civil Engineering

Bending
Chapter 6

Dr. Azhar Saleem

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Reference: Mechanics of Materials, 10th Ed. By R.C. Hibbeler
 Structural Members
Column

Beams

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Beam
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In this course we shall analyze an INDIVIDUAL beam 4
Introduction to Beams

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Introduction to Beams

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Introduction to Beams

Less common
in Beams

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Introduction to Beams

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7.3 Relations between Distributed Load,
Shear, and Moment
Relation between the Distributed Load and Shear

OR

Derivation can be seen in the text book.

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7.3 Relations between Distributed Load,
Shear, and Moment
Relation between the Shear and Moment

OR

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7.3 Relations between Distributed Load,
Shear, and Moment
 The aforementioned relationships do not apply at points where a
point load or point moment acts. These two special cases create
discontinuities in the shear and moment diagrams, and as a result,
each deserves separate treatment.
 The shear diagram will “jump” upward when point load (F) acts
upward on the beam. Likewise, the it jumps downward when F
acts downward.
 The moment diagram will “jump” upward if the point moment (Mo)
is clockwise. Likewise, it will jump downward when Mo is
counterclockwise.

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Class Problem

Draw SFD, BMD and Deformed Shape of the following beam. Use the
relation between Load, Shear and Moment.

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Practice Problems

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6.3 Bending deformation of a straight member
 Straight prismatic beam,
made of homogeneous
material is subjected to
bending.

 Discussion will be limited

to beams having a cross-
sectional area that is
symmetrical with respect
to an axis, and the bending
moment is applied about
an axis perpendicular to
this axis of symmetry, as Figure 6-18
shown in Fig. 19
6.3 Bending deformation of a straight member

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6.3 Bending deformation of a straight member
 Here the horizontal lines become curved,
while the vertical lines remain straight but
undergo a rotation.
 The bending moment causes the material
within the bottom portion of the bar to
stretch and the material within the top
portion to compress.
 Consequently, between these two regions
there must be a surface, called the neutral
surface, in which horizontal fibers of the
material will not undergo a change in length,
Fig. 6–18. As noted, we will refer to the z axis
that lies along the neutral surface as the
neutral axis.
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6.3 Bending deformation of a straight member
Three assumptions regarding the way the moment deforms the material.
 First, the longitudinal axis, which lies within the neutral
surface experiences no change in length.
 Second, all cross sections of the beam remain plane and
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis during the deformation.
 Third, the small lateral strains due to the Poisson effect will
be neglected.

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6.4 The Flexure Formula
 Relates the Flexural (bending) stress within a straight beam to the
bending moment acting on its cross section.
 Assumption is that the material behaves in a linear elastic manner,
so that by Hooke’s law, a linear variation of normal strain, Fig. 6–
23a, must result in a linear variation in normal stress, Fig. 6–23b.

Fig. 6–23a Fig. 6–23b

 Flexural Stress (σ) will vary from zero at the member’s neutral axis to a
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maximum value (σmax) at distance c, which is farthest from the neutral axis.
6.4 The Flexure Formula

My

I
σ = Normal stress in the member at distance y from
the neutral axis
M = Moment about the neutral axis of the cross
section (write equation or draw BMD)
y = Perpendicular distance from the neutral axis to
the level where stress is needed to be calculated
I = moment of inertia of the cross-sectional area
about the neutral axis 24
6.4 The Flexure Formula

Mc
 max 
I
σmax = The maximum normal stress in the member,
which occurs at a point on the cross-sectional area
farthest (Top and Bottom) from the neutral axis

c = Perpendicular distance from the neutral axis to a

point farthest (Top and Bottom) from the neutral
axis.
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Example
The simply supported beam in Figure has rectangular cross-sectional
area. Determine the absolute maximum bending stress in the beam and
draw the stress distribution over the cross section at this location.

b = 300 mm

h = 500 mm

Cross-Section 26
Example 6.12

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Example 6.13

INA = 42.26 x 106mm4

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Example
Draw the flexural stress diagrams (without values) for the following
cross-sectional shapes.

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Class Problem

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Must Read the Book

Concluded

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