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Chapter 4 - Axial Load

This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 4 of the textbook "Mechanics of Materials" regarding axial loads. It discusses elastic deformation of axially loaded members, including the relationship between load, stress, strain, and deformation. It also covers sign convention, superposition principles, and thermal stresses. Example problems are provided to illustrate calculating elongation, normal strain, equivalent force and stress, and determining if material will yield due to temperature changes. The chapter concepts are explained over multiple pages with relevant equations and diagrams.

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Ahmed Osman
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2K views22 pages

Chapter 4 - Axial Load

This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 4 of the textbook "Mechanics of Materials" regarding axial loads. It discusses elastic deformation of axially loaded members, including the relationship between load, stress, strain, and deformation. It also covers sign convention, superposition principles, and thermal stresses. Example problems are provided to illustrate calculating elongation, normal strain, equivalent force and stress, and determining if material will yield due to temperature changes. The chapter concepts are explained over multiple pages with relevant equations and diagrams.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Osman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Mechanics of Materials

CIE 212

BS. Civil Engineering

Axial Loads
Chapter 4

Dr. Azhar Saleem

1
Reference: Mechanics of Materials, 10th Ed. By R.C. Hibbeler
4.2 Elastic Deformation of an Axially Loaded Member
Constant Load and Cross-Sectional Area
When the material is in elastic range
N 
 and  
A L
We know that   E
N 
 E
A L
NL
 
AE
2
4.2 Elastic Deformation of an Axially Loaded Member
Constant Load and Cross-Sectional Area
If the bar has different segments, formula will be applied to
each segment and displacement of all segment will be added
to get total displacement .

NL
 
AE
3
4.2 Elastic Deformation of an Axially Loaded Member

Sign Convention
 Both the force and
displacement will be positive
if they cause tension and
elongation

 Both the force and


displacement will be negative
if they cause compression and
shortening
4
Example
A circular bar in the figure has a radius of 5 mm and length of
3 m. Determine the elongation produced in the bar when it is
subjected to a tensile load of 10,000 N. Use E = 200 GPa.

2000 N
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Problem 4-11

The load is supported by the


four 304 stainless steel wires
that are connected to the
rigid members AB and DC.
Determine the vertical
displacement of the 2.5 kN
load if the members were
originally horizontal when
the load was applied. Each
wire has a cross-sectional
area of 16mm2.

12
4.3 Principle of Superposition
Principle states that the resultant stress or displacement at a
point can be determined by algebraically summing the stress
or displacement caused by each load component applied
separately to the member.

The following two conditions must be satisfied if the principle


of superposition is to be applied.
 The loading must be linearly related to the stress or displacement
that is to be determined.

 The loading must not significantly change the original geometry


of the member.

13
4.3 Principle of Superposition

=
+

14
4.3 Principle of Superposition
5kN 10kN
2m 4m 3m
A B

RA RB

5kN = 10kN

+
2m 3m
A B A B

RA1 RB1 RA2 RB2

RA = RA1 + RA2 RB = RB1 + RB2


15
4.6 Thermal Stresses
 A change in temperature can cause a body to change its
dimensions.
 Ordinarily this expansion or contraction is linearly related to
the temperature increase or decrease that occurs.
 If this is the case, and the material is homogeneous and
isotropic, it has been found from experiment that the
displacement of the end of a member having a length L can be
calculated using the formula

Eq. 4-4

16
4.6 Thermal Stresses

Eq. 4-4

17
18
Example
A circular bar made of A-36 steel has a length of 4 m and
diameter of 10 mm. Determine the following:
1. Elongation produced in the bar when the temperature
rises from 10oC to 50oC.
2. Normal Strain

3. Equivalent Normal force

4. Equivalent Normal stress

5. Will the steel yield?

19
Practice Problems

20
Practice Problems

21
Must Read the Book

Concluded

22

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