Physics F4 Chapter 2

Name: ______________________________________________
1. Diagram 1 shows a mercury thermometer.

Rajah 1/ Diagram 1

a) What is the reading of the thermometer? [1 mark]

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b) Which of the correct position of the eyes, P, Q or R, while taking the reading of the thermometer? Give
your reason. [2 marks]

.............................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................

c) State the physics concept involved while taking human body temperature by using the thermometer.
[1 mark]

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2. Diagram 2.1 shows a stopwatch after it has been reset.

Diagram 2.2 shows the reading of the stopwatch after it was used to measure the time taken for 20
oscillations of a simple pendulum.

Diagram 2.1 Diagram 2.2

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 Physics F4 Chapter 2

a) Name the type of error found on the stopwatch in Diagram 2.1. [1 mark]

...................…………………………………………………………....................................................

b) (i) What is the actual time taken for 20 oscillations of the simple pendulum? [1 mark]

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(ii) Calculate the period of oscillation of the simple pendulum. [2 marks]

c) What will happen to the period of oscillation if the length of the simple pendulum is increased?
[1 mark]
………………………………………………………................................................

3. Diagram 1 shows a double scale ammeter.

Rajah 1/ Diagram 1

a) The ammeter is used to measure the current flow through a wire. The current is a

scalar quantity

vector quantity
[1 mark]

b) What is the value of the smallest scale division for range of 0 - 5A? [1 mark]

………………………………………………………................................................

c) The ammeter is connected as in Diagram 1 to measure the current flow through the wire. What is
the reading of ammeter in Diagram 1? [1 mark]

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 Physics F4 Chapter 2
4. Diagram 1.1 shows a measuring instrument that normally used in our daily life.

Rajah 1.1/ Diagram 1.1

a) Name the physical quantity can be measured by the instrument? [1 mark]

………………………………………………………................................................

b) Diagram 1.2 and Diagram 1.3 show two scales of compression balances .

g
kg

Rajah 1.2/ Diagram 1.2 Rajah 1.3/ Diagram 1.3

(i) Which compression balance is more sensitive ? [1 mark]

……………………………………………................................................
(ii) Give one reason for answer in 1b(i). [1 mark]

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c) Give one method to increase the accuracy of readings. [1 mark]

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5. Diagram 8.1 shows a four wheel drive used in a four-wheel drive expedition to Taman Negara. In the
expedition, the vehicle will be drive through a hilly and unpaved area, and to cross streams.

Diagram 8.1

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 Physics F4 Chapter 2
a) What is the meaning of acceleration? [1 mark]

……………………………………………………………………………………….....
b) Table 8 shows the characteristics of vehicles that can be used in the expedition.

Characteristics Engine Capacity (cc) Diameter of tyre /

Mass / kg
Vehicles / cm3 mm
P 1 000 2 000 400

Q 3 000 2 500 800

R 2 000 1 500 600

Jadual 8/ Table 8
Suggest a modification that can be made to be used in the expedition through these aspects:
Give reasons for the suitability of the properties.
(i) Mass: [2 marks]

………………………………………………………………………………………
Reason:

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(ii) Engine capacity : [2 marks]

………………………………………………………………………………………
Reason:

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(iii) Diameter of tyre: [2 marks]

………………………………………………………………………………………
Reason:

………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Based on the answer in 8(b), determine the most suitable vehicles in Table 8 that can be used in the
expedition. [1 mark]

.....………………………………………………………………………………………
d) Diagram 8.2 shows a car is move on a straight road.

Rajah 8.2 / Diagram 8. 2

The car starts from rest and reaches a velocity of 50 ms-1 after 10 s.
Then, he maintain the speed for 20 s.
(i) Calculate the acceleration of the car in the first 10 s.

[2 marks]

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 Physics F4 Chapter 2
(ii) In the space below, sketch the velocity – time graph to represent the motion of the car.
Halaju/ Velocity (m s-1)

Masa/ Time (s)

[2 marks]
BAHAGIAN C
6. Diagram 12.1 shows a helmet, gloves and jacket worn by bikers of a motorcycle racing tournament.
Diagram 12.2 shows the scenery when there is a crash that could happen in a race.

Diagram 12.2
Diagram 12.1
a) What is meant by impulsive force? [1 mark
b) Explain why the bikers must wear the helmet, gloves and jacket in a race. [4 marks]
c) A racing motorcycle of mass 202 kg accelerates from rest to its maximum velocity of 160 km h -1 in
10 s.
(i) Calculate the acceleration of the racing motorcycle.

(ii) Calculate the force acting on the racing motorcycle. [5 marks]

d) Diagram 12.3 shows four racing motorcycles, P, Q, R and S, with different specifications.
You are required to determine the most suitable motorcycle to move fast and safe when racing.
Study the specifications of all the four motorcycles from the following aspects:
- the type of brakes

- the width of tyres

- mass of motorcycle

- the seat height

(measured from the lowest setting of the seat to the ground)

Explain the suitability of the aspects. Justify your choice.

[10 marks]

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 Physics F4 Chapter 2
Racing bike P
Type of brake : without ABS
Mass : 205.0 kg

Racing bike Q
Type of brake : without ABS
Mass : 220.0 kg

Racing bike R
Type of brake : ABS
(Antilock Brake System)
Mass : 208.0 kg

Racing bike S
Type of brake : ABS
(Antilock Brake System)
Mass : 242.0 kg

Rajah 12.3 / Diagram 12.3

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 Physics F4 Chapter 2
7.The driver in a car travelling at 40 km h-1 saw a child dashing across the road in front of him. He stepped on the
brake as fast as he could. The speed of the car was found to change with time as shown in Diagram below.

Diagram /Rajah
(a) i. Explain the cause of the flat portion of the graph in the first 0.5 s. [1 mark]

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ii. Calculate the total distance travelled by the car from the moment the driver first saw the boy until the car
stopped totally. [3 marks]

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iii. Calculate the average acceleration of the car (in ms-2 ) from t = 0. [2 marks]

______________________________________________________________________________
iv. If safety tests require a car to be able to stop from a speed of 40 km h-1 over a distance of 24 m, show
whether the car is able to pass such tests. [2 marks]

_______________________________________________________________________________
(b)In another occasion, the same car travelling on a rainy day at the same speed of 40 km h-1 tries to stop in front
of a faulty traffic light showing RED suddenly. Copy the above diagram and add the sketch for the rainy
condition.

[2 marks]
(c) Give two examples where friction is advantageous to have. [2 marks]
_________________________________________________________________________________

Section B
8. Diagram A shows a balloon being released from a grip. Diagram B shows a cuttlefish moving forward by
releasing a big volume of black ink backwards.

Diagram A/Rajah A Diagram B/Rajah B

(a) i. What is meant by force? [1 mark]

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 Physics F4 Chapter 2
ii. Using Diagram A and B compare the direction of motion of the balloon and the cuttlefish. Relate the
direction of motion to deduce a relevant physics concept. [5 marks]

(b) Using suitable examples, explain the ways to utilise impulse force. [4 marks]

(c) Football is one of the most popular games in the world. The goalkeeper always gets injuries when playing
football. Using a suitable physics concept, suggest and explain adaptations that can be made to avoid
injuries and also to improve/increase achievement in the football game. Your explanation should include the
following aspects:
i. The type of clothes worn.
ii. The type of football used.
iii. The ways of playing football. [10 marks]

9. Diagram A shows a bullet being shot from a rifle. Diagram B shows a passenger walking in a boat.

DIAGRAM A DIAGRAM B
(a) (i) What is meant by velocity? [1 mark]
(ii) Using Diagram A and Diagram B, state the property which is common to the bullet being shot from the
rifle and the passenger walking on the boat. Then relate the property to explain a physics concept and
name the concept. [5 marks]
(b) When a porcelain cup falls onto a concrete floor, it breaks into pieces. However, when the porcelain cup
falls onto a carpet from the same height, it does not break. Explain why. [4 marks]

(c) Diagram below shows a rocket.

DIAGRAM/RAJAH
Using appropriate physics concepts, explain the necessary modification which can be made to the rocket to
enable it to travel safely with a higher acceleration.
(i) the design of the body of the rocket,
(ii) the properties of metal used for the frame of the rocket,
(iii)the outer layer used for the frame of the rocket,
(iv) the important equipment to be used in the rocket. [10 marks]

10. Diagram A shows that a stationary ball is released from a tall building.

Diagram A/Rajah A

(a) (i) What is meant by energy? [1 mark]

(ii) State the energy possessed by the ball at positions X, Y and Z. Explain the change in the energy after the
ball has hit the floor. [4 marks]

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 Physics F4 Chapter 2
(b) Table A shows the characteristics of five F1 racing cars, A, B, C, D and E.

Characteristics Braking distance/

Cars Mass/kg Reaction time/s Type of tyre
m
A 800 6 15 With tread pattern
B 1000 5 12 With tread pattern
C 1200 4 10 Without tread pattern
D 1500 5 10 Without tread pattern
E 2000 6 12 Without tread pattern
Table A
Explain the suitability of the characteristics shown in Table A to determine the most suitable F1 racing car
to be used on a hot and sunny day. Give reasons for your choice.
[10 marks/10 markah]

Diagram B/Rajah B
(c) Diagram B shows a trolley with a mass of 2 kg moving down a slope of height 20 m. After moving down
the slope, the trolley moves 5 m along the flat and rough surface before stopping. Calculate the frictional
force acting on the trolley. [5 marks]

11. As a researcher, you are asked to investigate the characteristics of a car to be modified into a racing car.
(a) What is meant by velocity? [1 mark]
(b)Sketch a velocity-time graph for a car that stops when the driver sees an emergency signal for stopping.
Explain the changes that occur and show how the braking distance is determined. [5 marks]

(c) Table below shows the characteristics of five cars, P, Q, R, S and T.

Table
Based on the above table,
(i) explain the characteristics that make a car suitable to be made into a sports car.

(ii) determine which car is the most suitable to be made into a sports car. Give reasons for your choice.
[10 marks]
(d)When an airplane is landing, its velocity is 50.0 m s-1. If the acceleration of the airplane is 3.0 m s−2, what is
the minimum length of the runway needed by the airplane to stop?
[4 marks]

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 Physics F4 Chapter 2
2.1 Linear Motion
1. Question 1 SPM 2011
Diagram 1.1 shows a trolley moving down an inclined plane. The ticker timer vibrates at frequency 50 Hz.
Diagram 1.2 shows the ticker tape produced by the motion of the trolley.

Diagram 1.1 Diagram 1.2

(a) Underline the correct answer in the bracket to complete the sentence below.
The type of current used in the ticker timer is (direct current, alternating current).
[ 1 markah]
(b) Based on Diagram 1.2,
(i) one tick is represented by the time taken from point .......... to point .............. [ 1 mark]

(ii) compare the distance between PQ and ST. [ 1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………...................
state the type of motion of the trolley. [1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………...................
2. SPM 2016: Question 1
Diagram 1 shows a ticker tape with 5 ticks obtained from an experiment.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu keratin pita detik dengan 5 detik yang diperoleh daripada satu eksperimen.

(a) One tick is the time taken from P to ……… [1 mark]

(b) Complete the following sentence by ticking (√) the correct answer in the box provided.
The ticker tape can be analysed to determine

………. Distance and speed of an object

………. Force and momentum of an object [1 mark]

(c) (i) What is the type of motion shown by the ticker tape in Diagram 1? [1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………...................
Give one reason for your answer in 1(c)(i). [1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………...................
SPM 2015, Question 7
3. A student is running a 200 m event. Diagram 7 shows the distance-time graph to illustrate his running.
(a) Tick (√) the correct answer in the box provided.
Distance is a /

……… Scalar quantitiy

……… Vector quantity [1 mark]

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 Physics F4 Chapter 2
(b) (i) Based on Diagram 7, calculate the speed of
the student at section AB.

[2 marks]

(ii) Compare the speed of the student at OA and AB. [1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
(c) Based on the following aspect, give suggestions on how the running time for 200 m event can be shortened.
(i) The student’s attire: [2 marks]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......

Reason:

……...........................................................……………...........................................................…………
(ii) The student’s shoe: [2 marks]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
Reason;

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(iii) The equipment used at the starting line. [2 marks]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
Reason:

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2.4 Momentum:
5. Question 2 (SPM 2004)
Diagram 1 shows a man standing on a stationary boat. He then jumps out of the boat onto the jetty. The
boat moves away from the jetty as he jumps.

(a) State the physics principle that is involved in the movement of the boat as the man jumps onto the jetty.
[1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………...................
(b) Explain why the boat moves away from the jetty when the man jumps. [1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………...................
(c) The mass of the man is 50 kg and he jumps at a velocity of 2 ms-1. The mass of the boat is 20 kg. Calculate the
velocity of the boat as the man jumps. [2 marks]

(d) Name one application of the physics principle stated in (a) in an exploration of outer space. [1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………...................
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 Physics F4 Chapter 2
6. SPM 2012 (Question 5)
Diagram 5 shows the motion of a bowling ball and a bowling pin before and after the collision.

Table 5 shows the momentum of the bowling ball and the bowling pin before and after the collision.
Momentum before Momentum after
collision (kg ms-1) collision (kg ms-1)
Bowling Bowling Bowling Bowling
Ball Pin Ball Pin
2.5 0.0 0.4 2.1

(a) What is the meaning of momentum? [1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
(b) Based on Diagram 5 and Table 5, determine the total momentum of the bowling ball and the bowling
pin.
(i) Before the collision [1 mark]

(ii) After the collision [1 mark]

(c) Compare the answers in 5(b)(i) and 5(b)(ii). [1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
(d)(i) Based on the answers in 5(b) and 5(c),state a conclusion about the total momentum. [1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
(ii) Name the physics principle involved in (d)(i). [1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
(e) State one conditions needed in order to apply the physics principle stated in 5(d)(ii). [1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
(e) The total kinetic energy of the bowling ball and the bowling pin after the collision decreases. What type of
collision is this? [1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......

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 Physics F4 Chapter 2
Kesan Daya
7. SPM 2014, Question 4
Diagram 4.1 shows a 50 kg box is pushed by a man with a force of 300 N. The box moved with a constant
velocity.

(a) What is the meaning of force? [1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
(b) (i) What is the frictional force acting on the box?

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
[1 mark]
(ii) Sketch a displacement-time graph motion of the box in Diagram 4.2.

[1 mark]
(c) The pushing force of the box is increased to 350 N. Calculate
(i) The resultant force acting on the box.
[2 marks]

(ii) The acceleration of the box

[2 marks]

8. Question 2 SPM 2015

Diagram 2 shows forces acting on a moving car. The mass of the car is 1000 kg.

(a) What is the meaning of balance force?

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
[1 mark]
(b) When the engine thrust is 5000 N, the car moves at constant speed.
(i) State the net force acting on the car. [1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
(ii) What is the resistive force acting on the car? [1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
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 Physics F4 Chapter 2
(c) When the engine thrust increases to 9 000 N, the car accelerates. Calculate the acceleration of the car.
[2 marks]

9. SPM 2016: Question 5

Diagram 5.1 shows two cyclists cycling the bicycle and reached the distance shown in 3 seconds. Diagram 5.2
shows only one of the cyclists cycling the bicycle and reached the same distance in 7 seconds.

(a) Name the force which acted between the bicycle tyre and the road.

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
(b) Observe Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2.
(i) Compare the forces applied by the cyclists that cause the bicycle to move forward. [ 1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
(ii) Compare the time taken to travel the same distance. [ 1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
(iii) Based on the answer in 5(b)(ii), compare the acceleration of the bicycle. [ 1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
(iv) Relate the forces applied by the cyclists to the acceleration of the bicycle. [ 1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
(c) Name the physics law involved in 5(b)(iv). [ 1 mark]

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(d) (i) What happen to the acceleration of bicycle in Diagram 5.1 when both cyclists bend their bodies forward?

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
(ii) Give one reason for your answer in 5(d)(i). [ 1 mark]

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Daya Impuls dan Impus
10. Question 2 (SPM 2009)
Diagram 16 shows an egg being dropped onto a wooden block. The egg cracks after an impact. The velocity of
the egg just before the impact is 5 ms-1.

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 Physics F4 Chapter 2
(a) Name the force involved during the impact. [ 1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
(b) Give one reason why the egg cracked after the impact. [ 1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
(c) The mass of the egg is 0.05 kg. Calculate the momentum just before the impact.

[2 marks]
(d) Give one suggestion how you would avoid the egg from cracking when dropped from the same height. [1 m]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
2.8 Daya Tarikan Graviti

11. Question 6 (SPM 2003)

Figure 17 is a stroboscopic photograph shows two steel balls in a state of free-fall. Both balls are
dropped simultaneously from the same height..
(a) Observe the photograph and state two similarities between the position of the balls. [1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................

……...........................................................……………..........................................................…
(a) Name one physical quantity which causes the balls to fall. [1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
(b) Based on the positions of the free-falling balls, there is a physical quantity that is constant.
(i) Name the quantity. [1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
(ii) What is the value of the quantity and its unit? [1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
(iii) State how the mass of a ball affect the valued of the physical quantity stated in (c)(i). [1 mark]

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(c) A ball is thrown vertically upwards at a certain velocity.
(i) What happens to the motion of the ball as it moves upwards? [1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
(ii) Give one reasons for your answer. [1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......
12. Question 5 (SPM 2004)
Figure 18.1 shows a feather and a water droplet falling from the same height. The mass of the feather and water
droplet is the same and both are dropped simultaneously at time t = 0.

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 Physics F4 Chapter 2
The graph in Diagram 2 shows the motion of the feather and the water droplet from time t = 0.

(a) Name one force acting on the feather and the water droplet. [1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......

(b) Using Figure 18.1, compare the surface area of the feather and the water droplet. [1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......

(c) Using the graph in Figure 2, compare the changes in velocity of the feather and the water droplet. [3 marks]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......

(d) Using your answers in (b) and (c), state the relationship between the relationship between the surface area
and the final velocity. [1 mark]

……...........................................................……………...........................................................……………......

(e) The feather and the water droplet are dropped in a vacuum. Sketch a velocity-time graph to show the motion on
both objects. [2 marks]

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