Management of change - (Not handled
Safety signs - (Missing inadequate, too
complicated, faded, workers not aware of its
meaning, improper placement, etc.)
Segregation - (Lack of segregation between
people and say workplace equipment like
say forklifts, etc.)
Environmental factors - (Management not
looking into environment factors like lighting,
ventilation, heat, cold, etc..)
Perception of risk - (Low among workers and
management not taking any steps to
improve this)
Ergonomics - Poorly positioned displays and
controls, leading to MSD and WRULDs..
among workers)
Work patterns / shifts - (Shift patterns are
not appropriate, or workers being made to
long hours of overtime, etc.)
Staff turnover - (High rates of staff turnover,
people joining and leaving the organisation..)
Informing - (There is more of informing type
of communication from the management,
instead of consultation)
H&S Media - Lack of use of H&S media
such as safety noticeboards, posters, safety
signs, videos, toolbox talks, workers
handbook)
Disciplinary procedures - (Inappropriate use
of disciplinary procedures, or the disciplinary
procedures are not appropriate to the level
of violation)
Blame culture - (There is blame culture
within the organisation. Focus is more on
blaming individuals, rather than on
improvement)
Absenteeism / Sickness rates - (No efforts to
be seen in reducing into investigating the
reasons for high rates of absenteeism or
sickness).
Managers see investment in H&S as a cost
Managers generally seen to focus more on
sales or productivity rather than H&S and
hence ignore or choose to disregard unsafe
acts or conditions, or managers themselves
behave in an unsafe way or manner, thus
letting poor example to workers
Absence of Active and Reactive Monitoring
to be seen
Specific H&S arrangement s - (either they
are absent or inadequate, like for example
no arrangements to take care of young
workers, disabled workers, or for control of
lone working or noise/vibration control etc.)
Legal compliance - (Management not taking
steps towards achieving and maintaining
legal compliance)
Permit to work system - (either it is absent,
or not being followed, or person issuing the
PTW is not coming to the site, or the permit
conditions are being adhered to, etc.)
First aid arrangements - (Lack of it, or
inadequate for the workplace)
Lack of welfare arrangement for workers
Motivation - (Lack of motivation to be seen
from workers,workers not interested in
participating in the HSMS, etc.)
Communication - (Poor communication
within the organisation)
Continual improvement - (No evidence of
continual improvement to be seen like
learning from incidents and putting
corrective actions, etc.)
Contractors - (Poor pre-selection, poor
management of contractors on site,
numerous accidents, not involving
contractors in H&S meeting, no supervision
over contracted work etc.)
Incase of joint occupation of premises,
management has not appointed a senior
management to co-operate with other
organisations. Non co-operation
Roles and responsibilities - (Top
Management hasn't clearly defined roles and
responsibilities of personnel within the
organisation)
Competent people - (Management has not
appointed competent people, such as fire
marshalls, first aiders, or safety officers, etc.
or hired external specialists)
Health and safety audits - (Not being done
as per schedule, numerous pending issues
from audit reports, numerous non-
comformities to be seen)
Number of prosecutions against the
organisation
Tools and equipment (maybe unsafe or not
adequate)
Some examples of negative H&S
culture...
properly, no documentation for MOC, no
proper communication or co-ordination to be
seen, no risk assessment done, no
appointment of competent people for
handling MOC, no segregation of work
areas, no amendment of emergency
procedures, no welfare provision to be seen)
Poor health and safety leadership (
Management is not seen around or not
interacting with workers)
Health and safety issues are neglected
Near misses - (Neither reported or if they are
reported they are not adequately
investigated)
Worker complaints - (Neither reported or if
they are reported by workers they are not
investigated)
H&S Policy (absence of H&S policy or if
there is a policy it is not reviewed as part of
annual review cycle or it is not reviewed
after say an accident or incident or after
receiving an enforcement notice, or workers
are unaware of it, or it is not put up for
workers awareness, targets and objectives
not set etc..)
Procedures / SSOW - (either they are
missing, or not approved, or inadequate, or
not reviewed, or not made with workers
involvement, or poor implementation
because no instuctions or training given, or
too complicated/complex, or not covering the
PEME: People, Equipment, Materials,
Environment, not made using task analysis,
or lack of adequate procedural/behavioural/
technical controls, or not adequately
monitored after implementation, not practical
or easy to use, workers have not understood
the training in implementation of SSOW, or
SSOW has not considered all the hazards
etc.)
Workers - (They may have not received
induction training, or refresher training, or
they are incompetent, or are poorly trained,
or they are unaware of policy/procedues or
procedures are not communicated to them,
or managers themselves have poor
customs, etc..)
Negative peer pressure
PPE - (nor provided or if provided not being
worn or strictly enforced)
Risk assessment - (poor, not reviewed
regularly, not reviewed after an incident, not
reviewed when changes in technology or
work process has taken place, not suitable
and sufficient, not covering all hazards in
workplace, not taking into account
vulnerable people, inadequate control
measures, residual risk not made low etc.)
Incident Investigation - (either it is not being
done, or they are poor records or absence of
records, or workers are not reporting, or
even after workers report incidents
management is not investigating it, or after
investigation managerment is not
communicating/dicsussing the investigation
report with workers, etc...)
Worker consultation - (it is not to be seen, no
direct or indiect consultation, no worker's
representative elected, no health and safety
committee meeting, or maybe no toolbox
talk, etc.)
Health surveillance - (may be absent or not
done)
Enforcement agency prosecution - (
Numerous improvement and prohibition
notices, fines in criminal criminal courts,
pending litigation in criminal court)
Rule breaking - (rampant by the workers)
Supervision - (lack of effective supervision)
Resources - (Not being provided by the
management)
Training - (absent, no induction or refresher
training)
H&S performance review - (either
management is not doing the H&S
performance review annually, or the results
of the H&S performance review are not
being communicated within the organisation,
etc.)
Emergency procedures - (either they are
absent, or there is no mock drills done, or
the emergency procedures are not reviewed
after an accident say after a fire, or the
emergency procedures do not cover/mention
about the emergencies that may arise in the
organisation etc.)
Worker participation - (either it is absent, or
workers are not involved in making risk
assessment, or SSOW)
Numerous cases of civil compensation from
workers to be seen
Employer not taking any steps to reduce
stress, fatigue, workload
The workplace is unsafe or there is some
unsafe condition to be seen