SALWAN BOYS SENIOR

SECONDARY SCHOOL

CHEMISTRY PROJECT
Analysis of Commonly Available
Cold Drinks

Devesh Kadam
XII -A
CBSE ROLL NO – 26646714

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 Certificate

This is to certify that Devesh Kadam of class XII-A has

successfully completed the project work on chemistry on the topic
‘Analysis of Commonly Available Cold Drinks’.

It is further certified that this project is original and individual work

of the Candidate.

Yours Truly
Devesh Kadam

Teacher’s Signature

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 Acknowledgement
I would like to express my greatest gratitude to the people who have
helped & supported me throughout my project. I am grateful to my
subject teacher Ms Ravinderjeet Kaur for her continuous support for
the project, from initial advice & contacts in the early stages of
conceptual inception & through ongoing advice & encouragement to
this day.

A special thank of mine goes to my colleague who helped me in

completing the project & he exchanged his interesting ideas,
thoughts & made this project easy and accurate.
I wish to thank my parents for their undivided support and
interest who inspired me and encouraged me to go my own
way, without whom I would be unable to complete my project..

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Contents
1 Introduction
2 Theory
3 Aim
4 Apparatus
5 Chemical Required
6 Determination of pH
7 Test for Carbon dioxide
8 Test for Glucose
9 Test for Phosphate
10 Test for Alcohol
11 Test for Sucrose
12 Result
13 Conclusion
14 Precaution
15 Bibliography

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 Introduction

A cold drink is a beverage that typically contains

carbonated water, a sweetener and a flavoring. The sweetener
maybe sugar, high-fructose corn syrup, fruit juice, sugar
substitutes or some combination of these. Soft drinks may also
contain caffeine, colorings, preservatives and other ingredients.
Cold drinks have been around in the country since the 1950s.
Parle Group is regarded as the first Indian company to circulate
soft drinks nationwide. Gold Spot, a proprietary drink, faced no
competition until the all empowering Coca Cola entered the
country. Gold Spot was complimented with two other soft drinks,
Thumbs Up and Limca.
Today, a large population is witnessed, in-taking these
carbonated drinks – Coca Cola and Pepsi for their revitalizing
attributes; Limca, Fanta, Sprite for giving a feeling of lightness.

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 Theory
Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol,
carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions etc. These soft
drinks give feeling of warmth, lightness and have a tangy taste
which is liked by everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible for
the formation of froth on shaking the bottle.
The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form carbonic
acid which is also responsible for the tangy taste.
Carbohydrates are the naturally occurring organic compounds
and are major source of energy to our body. General formula of
carbohydrates is CX (H2O)Y.
On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classified
as:- Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides. It
occurs in Free State in the ripen grapes in bones and also in
many sweet fruits. It is also present in human blood to the
extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one of the most useful
disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely distributed in nature in
juices, seeds and also in flowers of many plants. The main
source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which contain 15-20 %
sucrose and sugar beet which has about 10-17 % sucrose. It is
produced by a mixture of glucose and fructose. It is non-
reducing in nature whereas glucose is reducing. Cold drinks are
a bit acidic in nature and their acidity can be measured by
finding their pH value. The pH values also depend upon the
acidic contents such as citric acid and phosphoric acid

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 AIM

COMPARITIVE STUDY AND

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF
DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD
DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET

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 Apparatus

 Test Tubes
 Test Tube Holder
 Test Tube Stand
 Stop Watch
 Beaker
 Bunsen Burner
 pH Paper
 Tripod Stand
 China Dish
 Wire Gauge
 Water Bath

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 Chemicals
Required

 Iodine Solution
 Potassium Iodide
 Sodium Hydroxide
 Lime Water
 Fehling’s A & B Solution
 Concentrated Nitric Acid
 Benedict Solution
 Ammonium Molybdate

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Determination of pH
Experiment
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a
test tube and put on the pH paper. The change in colour of pH
paper was noticed and was compared with standard pH scale.

Observation
Serial No. Name of the Colour change pH
drink
1. Coca Cola Pinkish 2-3
2. Limca Light Orange 4

3. Sprite Dark Orange 3

Soft Drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of

citric acid and phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drinks of
different brand are different due to the variation in amount of
acidic content

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Test for Carbon Dioxide
Experiment
As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the samples
were passed through lime water. The lime water turned milky.

Observation
Sr.n. Name of the Time Inference
drink taken(sec)
1. Coca Cola 28 CO2 Present
2. Limca 28 CO2 Present
3. Sprite 20 CO2 Present

All cold drinks contain CO2 dissolved in water, which is what

adds the tangy flavor to the drinks.

Chemical Reaction

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCo3 + H2O

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 Test for Glucose
Experiment
Glucose is a reducing sugar. Its presence can be tested
through the following methods :
1. Benedict’s Reagent Test
Small sample of the cold drink of different brand is taken in a
test tube and a few drops of Benedict’s reagent are added.
The test tube is heated for a few seconds. Reddish ppt.
confirms the presence of glucose.

Observation

Serial Name of the Observation Inference

no. drink
1. Coca Cola Reddish ppt. Glucose is
present
2. Limca Reddish ppt. Glucose is
present
3. Sprite Reddish ppt. Glucose is
present

All samples consist of glucose, as all of them give a

positive result for Benedict’s test.

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2. Fehling’s Solution Test
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken
in a test tube and a few drops of Fehling’s A solution and
Fehling’s B solution was added in equal amount. The test
tube was heated in water bath for 10 minutes. Appearance of
brown precipitate confirmed the presence of glucose in cold
drinks.

Serial Name of the Observation Inference

No. drink
1. Coca Cola Reddish Glucose is
Brown ppt. present
2. Limca Reddish Glucose is
Brown ppt. present
3. Sprite Reddish Glucose is
Brown ppt. present

All samples gave positive test for glucose with Fehling’s

(A & B) solutions. Hence all the cold drinks contain glucos

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Test for Phosphate
Experiment
Small samples of each brandof cold drinks were
taken in separate test tubes and Ammonium
Molybdate followed by concentrated Nitric Acid (HNO3)
was added to it. The solution was heated.
Appearance of canary-yellow precipitate confirmed the
presence of phosphate ions in cold drinks

Observation

Sr.n. Name of the Observation Inference

drink
1. Coca Cola Canary-Yellow Phosphate
ppt. present
2. Limca Canary-Yellow Phosphate
ppt. present
3. Sprite Canary-Yellow Phosphate
ppt. present
All the cold drink samples contain Phosphate.

Chemical reaction
NaHPO4 + 12 (NH4)2MoO4 + 21 HNO3 + 3H →
(NH4)3PO4.12MOO3+ 21HN4NO3 +12H2

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Test For Alcohol
Experiment
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in
separate test tubes and Iodine followed by Potassium Iodide and
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution was added to each test tube.
Then the test tubes were heated in hot water bath for 30 minutes.
Appearance of yellow colored precipitate confirmed the presence
of alcohol in cold drinks

Observation
Serial No. Name of the Observation Inference
drink
1. Coca Cola Yellow ppt. Alcohol
Present
2. Limca Yellow ppt. Alcohol
Present
3. Sprite Yellow ppt. Alcohol
Present

All the samples consist of Alcohol.

Chemical Reaction
CH3CH2OH + 4I2 + 6NaOH → CHI3 + HCOONa + 5 NaI +
5H2O

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Test For Sucrose
Experiment
5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate china
dishes and were heated very strongly until changes occur. Black colored
residue left confirmed the presence of sucrose in cold drinks.

Observation
Serial No. Name of the Observation Inference
drink
1. Coca Cola Black Sucrose is
Residue present
2. Limca Black Sucrose is
Residue present
3. Sprite Black Sucrose is
Residue present

All brands of cold drinks contain sucrose.

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 Result
After conduction of several tests, we find that all the different
brands namely -

1. Coca Cola
2. Limca
3. Sprite

- contain glucose, sucrose, alcohol, phosphate, and

carbon dioxide.
All are acidic in nature. Coca Cola comes out to be the most
acidic of the three and Limca, the least.

Carbon Dioxide content is maximum in Sprite and minimum in

Coca Cola.

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18
 Conclusion
Intake of soft drinks, as many studies have conclusively shown,
interferes with our neurological and physiological state of being
owing to their contents.
All the brands tested, contain high quantity of sugar which is
more than what our body demands on an average day.
The strength of phosphoric acid, as depicted above, is enough
to dissolve nails in 4 days.

Recommendation :
Out of the three brands, Limca contains the least amount of
dissolved CO2 and is the least acidic. Relatively, it has a lower
sugar content than the other three. Taking these facts into
account, we can conclude that Limca is the safest of the three.

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 Precautions

Some of the precautions which need to be taken care of are –

 Concentrated solutions should be handled with

immense care.
 Hands should be washed thoroughly after
performing each experiment. If possible, one
should wear hand gloves to prevent from any
possible damage.
 If chemicals come into contact with your skin or
eyes ,flush immediately with copious amounts of
water.
 Never leave burners unattended. Turn them off
whenever you leave your workstation.

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 Bibliography
The following books were a source for my project

 NCERT Chemistry Textbook for Class XII

 Dr. N. K. Verma, Chemistry Lab Manual
 Britannica Encyclopedia

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