ORAL CARE PLAN: GREAT OAKS RECOVERY CENTER

Caitlyn Sonnier, Jenny Cabrera, Gabby Howe

Needs Assessment
A. General Data:
1. Description of the Site:

The Great Oaks Recovery Center is one of the premier drug rehabilitation centers in
Houston Texas. Founded in 2013 in Egypt Texas. Great Oaks Recovery Center focuses on
safe, comforting treatment for individuals with a substance abuse disorder taking steps to
renew their health and their lives. (1) This 50 acre campus is privately funded and
coordinated by a professional, board certified team that specializes in specific areas of
addiction. This team makes sure each individual understands that they don’t have to walk
this journey of fear and concern alone. At Great Oaks Recovery Center, they understand
the monumental decision of seeking help. Their recovery center accepts patient self pay,
and insurances and they invest in the work it takes to heal. (5)

2. Description of target group

Great Oak Recovery rehabilitation center, a holistic residential treatment program targets
those who need treatment with substance abuse. Along with those who need a safe
structured environment to initiate recovery their target population consists of the residents
already there which is a maximum of 32 residents. (1) Criteria to be a part of this
program’s modalities is to be an individual suffering from drug and or alcohol abuse.
Those who fit this criteria are able to join in individual counseling, trauma therapy, a
12-step program, family partnership intensive, recreational, exercise, and nutrition
programs along with a number of other therapeutic programs/activities. When admitted,
individual needs of a resident are provided from quality attention by a dedicated team. (5)

3. Description of Staff Population

The staff population consists of a clinical coordinator also known as a physicians

coordinator. There is also a physician services coordinator, an intake coordinator,
a patient care coordinator and lastly a therapeutic activities coordinator. Overall,
there are about one hundred and thirty-five professionals in the center. The
clinical coordinator oversees and manages the day-to-day operations of the
addiction treatment facility. They are present onsite between forty to eighty hours
a week to make sure the clinic and physicians are following the institutional
policies and guidelines while working to reinforce them. The Clinic Coordinator
also assists with the hiring process, staff evaluations and facility budgeting tasks.
The physician services coordinator helps manage the recruitment and the
onboarding process of physicians and other medical staff. After a physician is
hired, the coordinator continues as a liaison between the physician and the
treatment facility. Lastly, the physician services coordinator works to build
 relationships with local hospitals and clinics to support the referral of patients.
The intake coordinator is in charge of handling the patient appointments and
incoming patient information. They also include securing payment options,
checking for insurance coverage, recording personal information, entering patient
data. They determine what type of care clients need as part of this extended role,
they may ask about drug history, health history, and fast treatment, if they had
any, which is recorded and given to the patient care coordinator before creating
the care plan. Next is the patient care coordinator, they are in charge of assessing
the treatment needs of each patient, they may screen interview the patient to find
out about their drug and health history, then they create a treatment plan for them
and any referrals they may have. Once they collect all the data, they create a
general timeline, and then communicate the plan with medical staff and addiction
specialists. Lastly is the therapeutic activities coordinator. They are in charge of
creating, managing, and monitoring patients' various activities during the
treatment. They include some therapeutic activities like art music and exercise
therapy and they provide social assistance to help patients re-enter their daily lives
after the treatment is done, the coordinator's goal is to help patients remain
independent throughout their long term record, physical, social or emotional. All
of the staff are licensed in their field of study. (1)

4. Description Services Provided:

The staff in charge of the services provided is the therapeutic activities

coordinator. These services are designed specifically for the clients of the center.
At this time, there are no scheduled events in the future. The client's daily routine
starts at seven in the morning. They start with meditation and a nutritious
breakfast. After breakfast they enter group therapy sessions and individual
therapies, followed by recreation and physical activities. They continue with
additional group and individual therapy sessions next, they have life skill training,
educational workshops, then a 12-step meeting. Lastly before lunch, they have
fitness and recreation like yoga, exercise and other fitness activities. Next is a
nutritious lunch, then they enter group seminars, drug rehab program seminars
cover topics like relapse prevention- 12 step tools- spirituality and motivation.
Lastly, they have dinner. They then enter the 12 step program, have men and
women groups, community meetings and free time where they can journal,
self-reflect, and do homework. (1)

5. Other Pertinent Data

The average water fluoridation for this area is 4.13 ppm. (3)
B. Information Related to Dental Health

Dental education at Great Oaks Recovery Center is provided by and relies on the nursing
staff. Education is generalized to how to brush your teeth, and the importance of brushing twice a
day. In order to reinforce this education, patients are provided with a toothbrush, toothpaste, and
floss. Alongside these supplies, the community is provided with fluoridated water, and it is
implemented in the patient’s daily routine to brush and floss after meals. Although some patient’s
regularly visit dental offices for cleanings, the staff’s knowledge and awareness of dental health
is unknown, and many patient’s only visit the dentist when presented with a toothache or an
emergency situation for proper treatment. (1)

C. Dental Health Status

1. Dental caries
Dental caries are more prevalent in addicts than in the general population. (2) A study on
heroin injectors reported that regardless of their oral hygiene, these patients suffer from
progressive dental caries. (2) Covering a wider area than typical cervical lesions, caries
in these patients are darker and usually limited to buccal and labial surfaces. This pattern
may be pathognomonic for heroin abuse . (4) For example, dry mouth and bruxism
following the use of MDMA (ecstasy) may aggravate oral conditions and result in dental
caries and tooth wear. (4)

2. Periodontal disease
Periodontal diseases are more prevalent in addicts than in the general population. (2) It
has been reported that gingival bleeding is frequently present in addicts. A study
concluded that there is a large gap in dental health status and behavior between drug
addicts and the general population. (2) Long-term drug addiction either contributes
directly to lower the oral health status or the altered life-style of the addicts leads to an
increase in oral diseases. Periodontal diseases appear usually in the form of adult
periodontitis, although reports also exist of necrotizing gingivitis. (4)

3. Oral Hygiene
Only 36% of the addicts visited the dentist in 1 year and 18% brush their teeth less than
once a day as seen in Dutch community. (2) Majority of addicts have a high rate of
plaque accumulation and calculus deposits resulting from oral hygiene neglect,
xerostomia and alteration in microbial profile. (2) Addicts neglect their oral hygiene
because of physical and emotional dependence on drugs. (2)
4. Oral Cancer
However, insufficient evidence exists to support a theory of a higher prevalence of oral
cancer specifically in opioid abusers (2).Cannabis abuse, mainly hashish and marijuana,
leads to increased risk of oral cancer, dry mouth, and periodontitis (2). Furthermore, a
low priority set on oral health associated with a need to obtain drugs, fear of dentists,
dental service acceptability, needle-phobia, self-medication, and structural factors in their
lifestyle lead to low use of dental services (4).

5. Utilization of Dental Services

In addition to the problems with utilization of dental services, they may have problems
with compliance with treatment procedures and fail to accept the suggested treatment
plan.(2) Health care systems worldwide deliver services for addicts, but most lack oral
health care programs. This multifactorial association between drug abuse and insufficient
oral health is also complicated by factors such as low socioeconomic status, limited
education, and poor access to dental services (4) Moreover, lack of appropriate policies to
improve access to dental services, lack of comprehensive knowledge of and interest
among dental professionals in treating addicts, and low demand for non-emergency
dental care affect provision of effective interventions. (2) Finally, lack of appropriate
policies to improve access to oral health services and poor collaboration between dental
and general health care sectors serving drug addicts are other obstacles to effective
interventions. (2)

6. Additional Information
Vital signs must be measured at every appointment to assess systemic health. Needle
tracks may be evident when the blood pressure cuff is placed. Pain tolerance may be
decreased, resulting in failure of local analgesic agents to relieve pain. Oral health-care
providers should require anyone suspected of drug abuse to sign a statement indicating
drugs have not been used within the previous 24 h. (2) Other oral conditions related to
opioid addiction include bruxism, candidosis, and mucosal dysplasia (4). Drug abuse is
associated with serious oral health problems including generalized dental caries,
periodontal diseases, mucosal dysplasia, xerostomia, bruxism, tooth wear, and tooth loss.
Oral health care has positive effects in recovery from drug abuse: patients’ need for pain
control, destigmatization, and HIV transmission.(2)
Goal:

Implement, Instruct, and Incorporate a dental healthcare program to educate and individualize
basic oral care to the residents at Great Oaks Recovery Center to prevent and control oral
diseases.

Objectives:

1. The Great Oaks Recovery staff will be educated on basic oral hygiene principles
2. The residents will understand the effects of plaque on the periodontium by the end of the
program.
3. The residents will implement basic oral care in their everyday routine.
4. The residents will become aware of the connection of their oral and overall health.
5. The residents will fully comprehend the effects of drug abuse.

Rationale:

Studies show a high prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease in individuals with
substance abuse. A study on heroin injectors reported that regardless of their oral hygiene, these
patients suffer from progressive dental caries (1). Reports of dental caries are also accompanied
by drug abusers presenting with high risks of periodontal diseases. Periodontal diseases appear
usually in the form of adult periodontitis, although reports also exist of necrotizing gingivitis (1).
According to the Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, only 36% of the addicts visited the
dentist in 1 year and 18% brush their teeth less than once a day. Majority of addicts have a high
rate of plaque accumulation and calculus deposits resulting from oral hygiene neglect,
xerostomia and alteration in microbial profile. Addicts neglect their oral hygiene because of
physical and emotional dependence on drugs (2).

Research also shows insufficient evidence to support a theory of a higher prevalence of oral
cancer specifically in opioid abusers (1). Another research proves that cannabis abuse, mainly
hashish and marijuana, leads to increased risk of oral cancer, dry mouth, and periodontitis (1).
Considering this information, lack of dental care goes hand in hand with oral manifestations. In
addition to the problems with utilization of dental services, they may have problems with
compliance with treatment procedures and fail to accept the suggested treatment plan (1). Health
care systems worldwide deliver services for addicts, but most lack oral health care programs (2).
This multifactorial association between drug abuse and insufficient oral health is also
complicated by factors such as low socioeconomic status, limited education, and poor access to
dental services (3). Another source indicated, lack of appropriate policies to improve access to
oral health services (2) and poor collaboration between dental and general health care sectors
serving drug addicts (1) are other obstacles to effective interventions. The last study showed that
needle tracks may be evident when the blood pressure cuff is placed and pain tolerance may be
decreased, resulting in failure of local analgesic agents to relieve pain (2). Because of the effects
of drug abuse, oral healthcare providers should require anyone suspected of drug abuse to sign a
statement indicating drugs have not been used within the previous 24 h (3).Drug abuse is
associated with serious oral health problems including generalized dental caries, periodontal
diseases, mucosal dysplasia, xerostomia, bruxism, tooth wear, and tooth loss. Oral health care
has positive effects in recovery from drug abuse: patients’ need for pain control,
destigmatization, and HIV transmission. (1).

Providing the residents and faculty with education on oral health will have a positive impact on
awareness and improvement of their current and future residents.

Program Design:

A. Activities:
The purpose of our oral health program is to increase the awareness of The Great Oaks
Recovery staff with regards to their patient’s oral health. The discussions will include
teaching basic dental health, oral cancer screening, oral assessment, oral hygiene
practices,effects of drugs on the oral cavity and overall health. The sessions will be
performed on a weekly basis for four weeks at the Great Oaks Recovery center. The
sessions will be presented as followed:

1. Session 1 (Week 1)
a. Great Oaks Recovery Staff
Presentation of the drug effects on the oral cavity and basic preventive measures
to improve oral health for the residents.
1. Discuss side effects of drugs on the oral cavity and have a handout.
2. Administer the written pretest and posttest to assess the dental knowledge
of the recovery centers staff.
3. Discuss the importance of oral cancer screening for early detection and
prevention of oral cancer for the residents..
4. Discuss the importance of enforcing a daily regimen for effective plaque
removal.
5. Demonstrate proper oral hygiene techniques for continuing education for
future residents.
This session will require an hour and a half and will only need Great Oaks
Recovery staff.

2. Session 2 (Week 2)
 A. Residents of Great Oaks Recovery

Presentation of basic oral health information and preventive methods. This session will
be administered a pretest to evaluate dental knowledge.

1. Pretests will be administered to determine the dental knowledge of each

individual.
2. Discussion of pretests to evaluate knowledge of basic oral health of the residents.
3. Use PowerPoint to educate residents on plaque and effects plaque has on the
periodontium, will administer a handout about plaque as well.
4. Discuss preventive methods such as brushing and flossing using a typodont to
demonstrate proper techniques.

This session will require an hour and a half and will need the residents of Great Oaks
Recovery center.

3. Session 3 (Week 3)

a. The residents at Great Oaks Recovery

The residents will understand the importance and implementation of basic oral care in
their everyday routine.

1. Review proper demonstration of brushing and flossing on typodont.

2. Residents will demonstrate proper brushing and flossing techniques on typodont.
3. Residents will be disclosed and demonstrate proper removal with brushing and
flossing while being observed.
4. Present a PowerPoint to educate the residents on the negative effects of poor oral
hygiene care.

The session will require an hour and will need the residents of the recovery center.

4. Session 4 (week 4)

A. The residents at Great Oaks Recovery Center

The residents will be educated on the connection of their oral and overall health.

1. Use of a PowerPoint presentation will be used to inform the residents of the effect
of their oral health on their overall health.
2. Residents will understand the link of systemic diseases to unhealthy
periodontium.
3. Emphasize that the best way to prevent serious health issues caused by bad oral
health is to practice good oral hygiene.
 4. Discuss the relationship between dental caries, periodontitis, and xerostomia as
contributing factors.

The session will require an hour and a half and will require all staff and residents.

5. Session 5 (week 5)

The residents will fully comprehend the effects of drug abuse and we will assess what the
residents have learned.
1. Present a powerpoint presentation about the side effects of drug abuse on the oral
cavity.
2. Residents will be able to link the effects of drug abuse to overall health.
3. Discuss the importance of oral cancer screening for early detection and
prevention of oral cancer.
4. Administer the post test, same as pre-test, will be given to all the staff at Great
Oaks Recovery as well as the residents to determine the oral health knowledge
5. Review prior sessions.
6. Ask for feedback for the oral health program by giving a program evaluation.

The session will require an hour and a half and will require all staff and residents.

B. Constraints and Alternative Strategies

1. Constraint: There may be a lack of regular visits and many dental needs among the
recovery residents due to referrals of emergencies only, lack of transportation, lack of
motivation.

Alternatives: 1. Provide a Great Oaks Recovery shuttle service. 2. Assist the staff in
locating a local dentist that accepts Medicaid/Medicare. 3. Notify the staff of the
importance of informing their patients of the importance of dental services. 4. Emphasize
the importance of regular visits for preventive care.

2. Constraint: There may be a lack of interest of the staff due to lack of skills, extra work,
and lack of prioritization.

Alternatives: 1. Include visual aids in the presentation to make a clear point. 2. Ask
questions to make the presentation interactive. 3. Engage the staff and residents with
hands-on learning.

3. Constraint: Lack of promotion, and educational materials in the recovery center. Lack of
utilization of material taught after the program ends.
 Alternatives: 1. Purchase posters to remind residents of the importance of oral care. 2.
Post posters around the facility to make things easier for remembrance. 3. We will check
in every 3 months with the center to see how well they are doing.

C. Resources

The following resources will be required for implementation of the program:

1. Personnel: Faculty of The Great Oaks Recovery center(for the first,and fifth sessions).
The residents of the Great Oaks Recovery center (for the second, third, fourth and fifth
session).
2. Visual Aids:
● PowerPoint of healthy and unhealthy oral health.
● Typodont and toothbrush provided by the clinicians.
● Posters to hang around the facility
● Videos used throughout the sessions
3. Supplies:
● Toothbrushes, toothpaste and floss (40 kits)
● Mouth Rinse- non alcoholic (4o travel size)
● Disclosing solution, cups, cotton swabs, paper napkins, gloves, gauze, - provided
by the LIT Clinic
4. Evaluation Material:
● Pretest
● Post-test
● Clinician evaluation
5. Supplements:
● A brochure will be developed by the clinicians
● An outline of the program plan- provided by clinicians
● An outline of the powerpoints discussed along with handouts for each day-
provided by clinicians

D. Budget:
The estimated cost for the dental health program is as follows:

1. Toothbrush, toothpaste and floss kits $100.00

2. Plastic cups $ 10.00
3. Gloves $ 30.00
4. Gauze, cotton swabs, tongue depressors, napkins, and disclosing solution
(donated by LIT Dental Hygiene Clinic).
E. Time Table:
All the needed resources will be obtained before each session. There will be five sessions
spanning a five week period of the time.

The schedule is as follows:

Session 1: week of March 28-April 1, 2022

Session 2: week of April 4-8, 2022

Session 3: week of April 11-15, 2022

Session 4: week of April 18-22, 2022

Session 5: week of April 25-29, 2022

F. Evaluation:

A. Process evaluation (formative):

1. Brief meeting with Great Oaks staff to evaluate their knowledge from the first
week’s presentation and progress of their dental hygiene techniques.
2. Brief meeting with Great Oaks residents to review health information and
preventive methods to ensure knowledge has been attained.
3. Brief meeting with residents to review the relationship of oral and overall health
along with the effects drugs have on the oral cavity to ensure emphasis and
knowledge of residents.

B. Product Evaluation (summative):

4. Pre-test and post test will be administered to staff and residents to compare prior
and ending knowledge of dental care of both parties.
5. Written questionnaire for residents and staff to analyze effectiveness of topics and
methods of oral health program.
6. Meeting with Great Oaks coordinator every 6 months to ensure implementation of
the program for residents and staff.
7. Simplified written instructions of the entire oral health program provided to the
coordinator ensure implementation.
8. A check in with administrators will be conducted annually to verify the utilization
of basic oral health education and ensure proper implementation.
References:

1. Misra, Suki (February 1, 2022) Personal Interview

2. Shekarchizadeh, H., Khami, M. R., Mohebbi, S. Z., Ekhtiari, H., & Virtanen, J. I. (2013,
September). Oral Health of Drug Abusers: A review of health effects and care. Iranian
journal of public health. Retrieved February 2, 2022, from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4453891/
3. Americanfluoridationsociety.org. 2022. Home | American Fluoridation Society. [online]
Available at: <https://americanfluoridationsociety.org/> [Accessed 5 February 2022]
4. GUPTA, N. D. (2017, October 3). Drug addiction and periodontal diseases. NATIONAL
LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. Retrieved February 25, 2022, from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3808011/
5. Home: Great oaks recovery. Great Oaks Recovery Center. (2022, March 24). Retrieved
February 27, 2022, from https://greatoaksrecovery.com/
Appendix

● Lesson plans (session 1 to session 5).

● Written Instructions to Ensure Implementation of the Oral Health Program
● Questionnaire on Effectiveness of Topics and Methods of Oral Health Program
● Program Evaluation
● Pre test and post test for staff and residents over Basic Dental Knowledge
● Pop Quiz handout for session 4
● Handout on Plaque
● Handout on Side Effects of Drugs on the Oral Cavity
Session One
Lesson Plan

I. Introduction
The lesson is focused on the Great Oaks Recovery staff. The goal of this lesson is to
inform them about the oral health program and discuss different methods in order for the
staff to implement oral hygiene in the residents' everyday life. The lesson plan is
expected to last an hour and a half.

II. Objectives

COGNITIVE:

1. To design an oral health routine plan for the staff to follow throughout the
residents stay.

AFFECTIVE:

1. To appreciate the importance of having routine oral care in the substance abuse
victims.

III. Content
1. Discuss side effects of drugs on the oral cavity and have a handout.
2. Administer the written pretest and posttest to assess the dental knowledge of the
recovery centers staff.
3. Discuss the importance of oral cancer screening for early detection and
prevention of oral cancer for the residents.
4. Discuss the importance of enforcing a daily regimen for effective plaque removal.
5. Demonstrate proper oral hygiene techniques for continuing education for future
residents.

IV. Method of Teaching

One-on-one discussion with administrators and manager on the oral health plan schedule
and expectations. Followed by a presentation of the drug effects on the oral cavity and basic
preventive measures to improve oral health for the residents.

V. Materials and Resources

A. Materials that will be needed are:

- PowerPoint presentation of drug effects and basic preventive measures
 - Computers for the PowerPoint presentation
- Handout of the side effects of drugs on the oral cavity
- Pre-Test and Post-Test handouts
- Writing Utensils
B. The lesson will be conducted in the conference room at the Great Oaks Recovery Center
with 3 Dental Hygiene students. It will be held on March 28th, 2022 at 1pm.

VI. Evaluation and Assessment

A. Pre-test on basic dental knowledge will be given prior to the lesson

B. Same questions will be given for post-test at the end of the lesson to determine that they
learned the important points of the lesson.
Session Two
Lesson Plan

I. Introduction

The lesson is focused on the residents. The goal of the lesson is for the residents to
increase basic dental knowledge and proper oral hygiene techniques. The lesson is expected to
last for an hour and a half.

II. Objectives

COGNITIVE:

1. The residents will identify what plaque is and why plaque accumulation occurs.
2. The residents will understand the importance of having a clean oral cavity.

PSYCHOMOTOR:

1. The residents will demonstrate proper oral hygiene techniques on a typodont by

the end of the session.

AFFECTIVE:

1. The residents will appreciate having an oral hygiene routine implemented at the
recovery center.

III. Content

1. Pretests will be administered to determine the dental knowledge of each

individual.
2. Discussion of pretests to evaluate knowledge of basic oral health of the residents.
3. Use PowerPoint to educate residents on plaque and effects plaque has on the
periodontium, and will administer a handout about plaque as well.
4. Discuss preventive methods such as brushing and flossing using a typodont to
demonstrate proper techniques.

IV. Method of Teaching

A. Initiating Activities:
1. Introduce yourself
 2. Administer the pre-test to test the residents basic dental knowledge.
3. Introduce the topic by asking them what plaque is and what it does in the oral
cavity.
4. As an attention grabber, pictures of the side effects of drugs on the oral cavity,
pictures of plaque accumulation, and pictures of mouths of current drug users and
after oral hygiene implementation.
5. A post-test will be given to evaluate how much the residents know about the
topics (a copy of the pre-test/post-test is attached at the end of the lesson plan)

B. Developmental Activities:
1. Define plaque- Plaque is a biofilm that builds up on the teeth, usually clear, and contains
bacteria.

C. Culminating Activities:
1. Show pictures of a healthy oral cavity, and pictures of plaque accumulation on teeth.
2. The same questions as the pre-test will be given again as post-test to assess how much the
nurses learned from the lecture.

V. Materials and Resources

A. Materials that will be needed are:

- Pre-tests/Post-tests
- PowerPoint presentation on plaque and effects plaque has on the periodontium, and will
administer a handout about plaque as well.
- Computers for the PowerPoint presentation
- Typodonts
- Typodont toothbrushes
- Toothbrush, toothpaste, and floss

B. The lesson will be conducted in the conference room at the Great Oaks Recovery Center
with 3 Dental Hygiene students. It will be held on April 4th, 2022 at 1pm.

VI. Evaluation and Assessment

A. Pre-test on basic knowledge will be given prior to the lesson and activities.
B. Assessment of new skills will be accomplished by observation.
C. Same questions will be given for post-test at the end of the lesson to determine that they
learned the important points of the lesson.
Season Three
Lesson Plan

I. Introduction

The lesson is focused on the residents. The goals of the lesson are for the residents to be
able to demonstrate basic oral hygiene techniques on the typodont and themselves. The
second goal is for the residents to understand the negative effects of improper oral
hygiene. The lesson is expected to last for an hour.

II. Objectives

PSYCHOMOTOR:

1. The residents will demonstrate proper brushing and flossing on typodont.

2. The residents will demonstrate proper brushing and flossing techniques on
typodont.

COGNITIVE:

1. The resident will be able explain the negative effects of poor oral hygiene care by the end
of the lesson.

III. Content
1. Review proper demonstration of brushing and flossing on typodont.
2. Residents will demonstrate proper brushing and flossing techniques on typodont.
3. Residents will be disclosed and demonstrate proper removal with brushing and
flossing while being observed.
4. Present a PowerPoint to educate the residents on the negative effects of poor oral
hygiene care and effects of drugs.

IV. Method of Teaching

A. Initiating Activities:

1. Review the topics discussed last session.

2. Introduce the topic by asking a volunteer to demonstrate proper brushing and
flossing techniques on the typodont.
3. As an attention grabber, pictures of the effects of poor oral hygiene care will be
shown using a PowerPoint presentation.
B. Developmental Activities:

1. Review what plaque is.- Plaque is a biofilm that builds up on the teeth, usually clear, and
contains bacteria.
2. Discuss the negative effects of poor oral hygiene.
3. Each resident will be disclosed by the hygienists, and use the BASS brushing method,
and use the properly flossing technique.
4. The residents will be observed by each hygienist while brushing and flossing properly.

V. Materials and Resources

A. Materials that will be needed are:

- Plastic cups, patient napkins for demonstration

- Toothbrush Kits, Floss, Toothpaste
- Disclosing solution
- Cotton swabs
- Gloves
- Handheld Mirrors
- PowerPoint presentation of negative effects of improper oral hygiene
- Computers for PowerPoint
- Handouts on proper brushing and flossing techniques

B. The lesson will be conducted in the conference room at the Great Oaks Recovery Center
with 3 Dental Hygiene students. It will be held on April 11th, 2022 at 1pm.

VI. Evaluation and Assessment

A. Assessment of new skills will be accomplished by observation.
Session Four
Lesson Plan

I. Introduction
The session is focused on residents. The goal of the lesson is to explain the relationship
between their oral health and their overall health.

II. Objectives

COGNITIVE:

1. The resident will identify the effects of their oral health and overall health.
2. The resident will understand the relationship between dental caries, periodontitis,
and xerostomia as contributing factors.

AFFECTIVE:

1. The residents will discuss the link of systemic diseases to unhealthy

periodontium.
2. The residents will appreciate the importance of oral health routine to reduce the
effects of drug abuse.

III. Content
1. Use of a PowerPoint presentation will be used to inform the residents of the effect
of their oral health and their overall health.
2. Residents will understand the link of systemic diseases to unhealthy
periodontium.
3. Emphasize that the best way to prevent serious health issues caused by bad oral
health is to practice good oral hygiene.
4. Discuss the relationship between dental caries, periodontitis, and xerostomia as
contributing factors.

IV. Method of Teaching

A. Initiating Activities:
1. Introduce the topic by asking them to identify some effects on their oral health
that could also affect their overall health. Example- Periodontitis is an infection
that could predispose to further systemic issues such as cardiovascular diseases,
GI diseases, and Alzheimer’s disease.
 2. As an attention grabber, a short video about oral health affecting overall health
will be used at the beginning of the Powerpoint presentation.
3. Residents will be given a post-test to evaluate how much they understood about
the topics.

B. Culminating Activities:
1. Show pictures of a healthy oral cavity and pictures of dental caries, periodontitis, and
xerostomia.
2. A post-test will be given at the end of the lesson to assess how much the residents learned
from the lecture.

V. Materials and Resources

A. Materials that will be needed are:

- Powerpoint presentation of the effects of their oral health and their overall health and
relationship between dental caries, periodontitis, and xerostomia as contributing factors.
- Post-Test
- Computers for the Powerpoint presentation

B. The lesson will be conducted in the conference room at the Great Oaks Recovery Center
with 3 Dental Hygiene students. It will be held on April 18th, 2022 at 1pm.

VI. Evaluation and Assessments

A. Post-test will be given to the residents at the end of the lesson to determine that they
learned the important points of the lesson.
Session Five
Lesson Plan

I. Introduction

The session is focused on residents and staff. The goal of the lesson is to assess the improvement
in oral health knowledge in both the residents and staff. The staff and residents will also be
present for the evaluation of the oral health program. The lesson is expected to last for an hour
and a half.

II. Objectives

COGNITIVE:

1. The residents and staff will both compare their pre-test and post-test to determine
level of oral health knowledge.

AFFECTIVE:

1. The staff will appreciate the importance of the written instructions to help
implement oral health assessment for current and new residents.
2. The residents will appreciate the importance of the knowledge gained from each
session to improve oral and overall health.

III. Content

1. Present a powerpoint presentation that summarizes recent topics discussed.

2. Residents will be able to link the effects of drug abuse to overall health.
3. Discuss the importance of oral cancer screening for early detection and
prevention of oral cancer.
4. Administer the post test, same as pre-test, will be given to all the staff at Great
Oaks Recovery as well as the residents to determine the oral health knowledge
5. Review prior sessions.
6. Ask for feedback for the oral health program by giving a program evaluation.

IV. Method of Teaching

1. Introduce yourself
2. Review topics discussed last session
 3. Post-test, same as pre-test, will be given to assess improvement in oral health
knowledge.
4. Presentation powerpoint presentation that summarizes recent topics discussed.

B. Culminating Activities:

1. The residents and staff will be given evaluation forms to get feedback about the overall
oral health program.

V. Materials and Resources

A. Materials that will be needed are:

- Powerpoint Presentation of all topics discussed

- Powerpoint Presentation of oral cancer
- Computers for PowerPoint presentation
- Evaluation form
- Post-test, same as pre-test

B. The lesson will be conducted in the conference room at the Great Oaks Recovery Center
with 3 Dental Hygiene students. It will be held on April 25th, 2022 at 1pm.

VI. Evaluation and Assessments

A. The residents and staff will be given the evaluation form to determine success of oral
health program
 Written Instructions

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this document is to give the coordinators and staff written
instructions to follow in order to maintain successful implementation of the oral health program
to assist residents in their journey of recovery at Great Oaks Recovery Center.

1. New Staff Orientation: introduction of employees, cover policies and procedures,

inform new staff of oral hygiene program
a. Administer pre-test to any new staff members to assess dental knowledge before
program implementation.
b. Educate new staff on the importance of drug effects on the oral cavity and the
need for a daily oral hygiene regimen.
c. Demonstrate effective oral hygiene habits to staff in order to continue proper
education of incoming residents.
2. Staff Meetings: will be held at the beginning of each month to evaluate the oral hygiene
program
a. Questions, comments, or concerns will be shared/ addressed in regards to the oral
hygiene program.
b. Supply requests for the oral health program will be submitted for review.
c. Any updates needed for program materials: handouts, powerpoints, visual aids
etc. will be submitted for review before they are corrected by the coordinator.
3. Oral Hygiene Program Refresher: dental hygienists will come once every 3 months to
evaluate the oral hygiene program, assess new research, and have a new topic of the
month.
a. Residents and staff will attend
b. Pre-Test and Post-Test will be given
c. Hygienists will provide interesting new research found
d. Hygienists will prepare a presentation of a new topic each month
e. Hygienists will have a questionnaire each session to check-up on the center and
residents
f. Coordinator will be given a new, updated powerpoint for each topic covered.
g. Any questions and concerns will be collected as well.
 ORAL HEALTH PROGRAM QUESTIONNAIRE

Before this oral health program, were you aware of drug effects on the oral cavity?

YES NO SOME

Did you gain knowledge about the negative effects drugs have on oral status?

YES NO SOME

Before the oral health program, did you know basic oral health information?

YES NO SOME

Before the oral health program did you know basic oral health techniques?

YES NO SOME

Do you feel confident in your knowledge about basic oral health and doing the techniques
that were demonstrated and practiced?

YES NO NEED MORE PRACTICE

How comfortable are you with brushing technique and frequency?

CONFIDENT NOT CONFIDENT NEEDS WORK

How comfortable are you with flossing technique and frequency?

CONFIDENT NOT CONFIDENT NEEDS WORK

Was the pretest challenging or overall easy?

CHALLENGING KNEW SOME EASY

Do you understand the importance of oral health and understand the connection of it on
your overall health?

YES, I UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE & CONNECTION

NO, I DON'T UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE & CONNECTION

Will you incorporate these techniques in your routine?

YES NO MAYBE
 Program Plan Evaluation

This questionnaire is designed to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the entire program.
Please offer completely honest responses so that appropriate changes can be made in the future.
Thank you for your contribution to the improvement of the program.

1. Do you believe the groups involved benefitted from this program? Yes ____ No ____

2. How did the groups benefit?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

3. Will you continue this program as it was designed? Yes _____ No ____
What improvements should be made so that the program could be continued by your
administration?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

4. What were the strengths of the program?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

5. What were the weaknesses of this program?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

6. Other comments, questions, or concerns you’d like to discuss:

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
NAME:

Pre-Test Basic Dental Knowledge

1. What is Plaque?
a. Saliva
b. Food stuck between teeth
c. The sticky layer of bacteria in the mouth that coat the teeth
2. How often should you brush your teeth?
a. Once a day
b. Twice a day
c. After each meal
3. How long should you brush your teeth?
a. Two minutes
b. Three minutes
c. One minute
4. How should healthy gums look?
a. Pink and firm
b. Shiny and swollen
c. Bright red from bleeding
5. How often should you change your toothbrush?
a. 6 months
b. 3 months
c. After you have been sick
d. All of the Above
6. Oral Health influences Overall Health.
a. True
b. False
7. What is dental floss used for?
a. To use instead of brushing
b. To use instead of toothpaste
c. To clean in between your teeth
8. How often should you use mouthrinse?
a. Once a day
b. Twice a day
c. Once a week
d. Never
9. How often should you brush your tongue?
a. Once a day
b. Once a week
c. Everytime you brush your teeth
d. Never
10. How much toothpaste should you use when brushing your teeth?
a. A quarter size
b. A pea size
c. A smear
NAME:

Post-Test Basic Dental Knowledge

1. What is Plaque?
a. Saliva
b. Food stuck between teeth
c. The sticky layer of bacteria in the mouth that coat the teeth
2. How often should you brush your teeth?
a. Once a day
b. Twice a day
c. After each meal
3. How long should you brush your teeth?
a. Two minutes
b. Three minutes
c. One minute
4. How should healthy gums look?
a. Pink and firm
b. Shiny and swollen
c. Bright red from bleeding
5. How often should you change your toothbrush?
a. 6 months
b. 3 months
c. After you have been sick
d. All of the Above
6. Oral Health influences Overall Health.
a. True
b. False
7. What is dental floss used for?
a. To use instead of brushing
b. To use instead of toothpaste
c. To clean in between your teeth
8. How often should you use mouthrinse?
a. Once a day
b. Twice a day
c. Once a week
d. Never
9. How often should you brush your tongue?
a. Once a day
b. Once a week
c. Everytime you brush your teeth
d. Never
10. How much toothpaste should you use when brushing your teeth?
a. A quarter size
b. A pea size
c. A smear
NAME:
Pop Quiz Session 4
1. What is the definition of oral health?
a. Taking care of your teeth by brushing and flossing
b. Maintaining regular dental visits twice a year
c. The health of the teeth, gums, and entire oral-facial system
d. Not having cavities when you go in for a dental check-up
2. What is xerostomia?
a. Bacteria
b. Dry mouth
c. Excess salivation
d. None of the above
3. What is an example of a treatment option for xerostomia?
a. Drink sweet tea
b. Eat gum with sugar
c. Drink water
4. What is xylitol?
a. A bacteria that develops in the mouth
b. An ingredient in chewing gum that has an antibacterial effect against decay-causing bacteria
c. A sugar ingredient in toothpaste
5. Cavities are caused by:
a. Bacterial plaque
b. Simple Sugars
c. Acids
d. All of the Above
6. Periodontal Disease is:
a. Inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth
b. The loss of bone due to traumatic occlusion
c. Bleeding gums
d. A reversible disease that can be treated by proper brushing and flossing
7. What is Plaque?
a. An infection that causes the loss of bone
b. A cure for bad breath
c. The sticky layer of bacteria in the mouth that coat the teeth
d. None of the above
8. Oral health is _______ to general health and well-being.
a. Essential
b. Non-essential
c. Not a contributing factor
d. Only slightly related
9. The three oral conditions that most affect overall health and quality of life are cavities, severe gum disease,
and severe tooth loss.
a. True
b. False
10. What is affected with periodontitis?
a. All parts of the periodontium
b. The teeth
c. The tongue
d. The gingiva
\