Learning Activity Sheet

PRE CALCULUS
1st Quarter 2020-2021

Date: August 17-18, 2020

TOPIC: CIRCLE Day 1- 2 Lesson 1

OBJECTIVES , At the end of the lesson, the learners can…

1. illustrate the different types of conic sections: circle, parabola, ellipse, hyperbola, and
degenerate cases
2. define a circle
3. determine the standard form of equation of a circle
4. graph a circle in a rectangular coordinate system; and
5. solve situational problems involving conic sections ( circle).

I. ENGAGING ON TASK

I.1 Setting Emotional Climate

Hello! How are you feeling today? Before we start,

please stand up straight. Gently massaged the pressure
point between your thumb and point finger for 1
minute. Switch hands after 30 seconds.

I.1 Refreshing Prior Knowledge

1. What do you know about Geometry ?

2. What are the different shapes of an object ?

LINKING STATEMENT

Since you have studied already the different shapes of objects, we will just continue
to discuss conic sections about circle, parabola, ellipse and hyperbola.

II. ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

1.3 Summary of Essential knowledge

Lesson 1. CIRCLE
A CIRCLE is the set of all points on a plane that is equidistant from a fixed point on
the plane , fixed point is called the center of the circle , and the distance from the center to any
point of the circle is called the radius of the circle.
Let P(x,y) be any point on the circle, Center, C(h,k) be the center of the circle(not on the
origin), and r be the radius of the circle ( see figure).

Using the distance formula, we can write the equation of the circle in standard form,
that is
PC = r
√(x – h)² + (y – k)² = r
(x – h)² + (y – k)² = r²

This is the standard equation of a circle with center C(h,k) and radius r. If the center
is the origin, then h=0 and k=0.The standard equation is then
x2 + y2 = r2.

Example 1. In each item, give the standard equation of the circle by satisfying the given
conditions.
(1) Center at the origin, radius 4.
(2) Center( -4,3), radius √7.
(3) Center( 3,1) and one of the radius is at point(6,5).
Solution.
(1) x2 + y2 = (4)2 =16
(2) (x + 4)2 + ( y-3)2 = (√7)2 = 7
(3) r2 = (6-3)2 + (5-1)2
r2 =(3)2 + (4)2
r2 = 9 + 16
r2 = 25
r =5
(x-h)2 + (y-k)2 = r2
(x-3)2 + (y-1) =25
Properties of circles
After expanding, the standard equation
( x-3)2 + (y-1)2 = (4)2
We can rewrite as
x2 – 6x + 9 + y2 -2y + 1 = 16
x2 + y2 -6x- 2y + 10 -16 = 0

Or x2 + y2 – 6x -2y -6 = 0,
An equation of the circle in general form.
If the equation of the circle is given in the general form
Ax2 + Ay2 + Cx + Dy + E = 0, A ≠ 0,
Or x2 + y2 + Cx + Dy + E =0,
We can determine the standard form by completing the square in both variables.
Example. Identify the center and radius of the circle with the given equation in each term.
(1) x2 + y2 – 6x = 7
(2) x2 + y2 – 14x + 2y = -14
(3) 16x2 + 16y2 + 96x -40y =315
Solution. The first step is to rewrite each equation in standard form by completing the square in
x and in y.From the standard equation, we can determine the center and radius.
(1) x2 + y2 -6x = 7
x2 – 6x + y2 =7 rearranged first according to the variable
x2 -6x + 9 + y2 = 7 + 9 completing the square, whatever constant to the left
side, add also to the right side.
( x-3)2 + ( y-0)2 = 16 factor the term ( x-h)2 + (y-k)2 = r2
(x-3)2 + ( y-0)2 =(4)2 c( h,k)
Center( 3,0), r=4
(2) x2 + y2 -14x + 2y = -14
x2 -14x + y2 + 2y = -14
x2 – 14x + 49 + y2 + 2y + 1 = -14 + 49 + 1
( x-7)2 + (y -1)2 = 36
Center(7,1), r=6
(3) 16( x2 + 6x) + 16(y2 -5/2y) = 315
16( x2 + 6x +9) + 16( y2 – 5/2y + 25/16) = 315 + 16(9) + 16(25/16)
16( x+ 3)2 + 16 (y-5/2)2 =315 +144 + 25
16(x+3)2 + 16( y-5/2)2 = 484
(x + 3)2 + (y-5/2)2 = 484/16= 121/4 = (11/2)2
center(-3, 5/2), r=11/2= 5.5
Note:
In completing the square, the third term is equal to the coefficient of the second term squared.
Situational Problem Involving circles.
Example . A street with two lanes, each 10 ft wide, goes through a semicircular tunnel with
radius 12 ft. How high is the tunnel at the edge of each lane?

Solution
Because the middle of the highway is with the origin of the coordinate system and the radius is
12, the equation of the circle will be
x2 + y2 = (12)2

Point P is the point on the arc just above the edge of a lane, so its x- coordinate is 10. We need
its y-coordinate. We then solve
( 10)2 + y2 = (12)2
y2 = 144 -100
y2 =44
y= √ 44
y=6.63 ft

1.4 Testing of Knowledge

Read and answer the following questions. Write your answers on a sheet of
paper.
The line segment joining the two points (-3,5) and (-3,-2) forms the diameter of
a circle.
1. determine the coordinates of the center of the circle and the length of its radius.
2. determine the standard form of the equation of the circle.
 III. DEEPENING EXERCISE
1.5 Productive Team Work

Group yourself into two for a given exercise.

Collaboration:
Understand / Analyse and compare each other’s work.
Steps in Solving problem
1. Find the center of the two circles.
2. Determine their radius.
3. Use the standard equation form of the circle.

Circle A Circle B

Find the standard equation or circle A and circle B.

 1.6 Knowledge Scanning

1. Given the definition and the characteristics of a circle, is it possible for a circle to have
a radius of 0? Why or why not?
2. What mathematical skills and background knowledge did you use to transform the
Standard form of the equation of a circle to its general form, and vice versa?

1.7 Integration of learning

Make a summary of your learning from the concepts which you have taken now .

IV SELF DETERMINING PRACTICE

Activity 1. Solve the problem below.

1. A single-lane street 10 ft wide goes through a semicircular tunnel with radius 9 ft.
How high is the tunnel at the edge of each lane? Round off to 2 decimal places.
 IV. REFLECTION/ ACTION

What challenges did you encounter on this lesson? How did you overcome them ?

Reference:
DIWA Senior High School Series; Precalculus Module
Philippine Copyright 2016 by DIWA LEARNING SYSTEM INC.
All rights reserved. Printed in the Philippines

Prepared by:

Engr Arturo V Umayam CE/ COSH

Subject Teacher

Noted:
ROMEO J.GABITO, Ed. D.
SHS Assistant Principal