CIRCUIT AND

SYSTEMS

PRACTICAL FILE

Name - Aditya
Roll No. – 05
Branch – IT(E)
Enrollment No. - 00596303120
 EXPERIMENT-01
AIM : To calculate and verify 'Z' & 'Y' parameters of two-port network.
APPARATUS REQUIRED: Power Supply, Bread Board, Three resistances,
Connecting Leads. Voltmeter , Ammeter, etc.

'Z' PARAMETERS :

BRIEF THEORY :
In Z parameters of a two-port, the input & output voltages V1 & V2 can be
expressed in terms of input & output currents I1 & I2. Out of four variables (i.e
V1, V2, I1,I2 ) V1& V2 are dependent variables whereas I1 & I2 are
independent variables. Thus,
V1 = Z11I1+ Z12I2 -----(1)
V2 = Z21I1+ Z22I2 -----(2)
Here Z11 & Z22 are the input & output driving point impedances while Z12 &
Z21 are the reverse & forward transfer impedances.
PROCEDURE:
a) Connect the variable voltage to port 1 and keep the port 2 open
circuit i.e. I2 = 0 as shown in fig.4.a .Set different voltages on V1 and
measure V1 , V2 and I1 for each setting and tabulate Z11 & Z21.
b) Connect the variable voltage to port 2 and keep the port1 open circuit
i.e. I1 = 0 as shown in fig.4.b. Set different voltages at V2 and measure V2, V1,
I2 for each setting and tabulate Z12 & Z22.
“Z” PARAMETERS CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS :

Circuit for determining Z11 and Z21

Circuit for determining Z12and Z22

 OBSERVATION TABLE :
S.NO When Port 2 is open circuit , I2= 0 When Port 1 is open circuit , I1= 0

V1(V) V2(V) I1(mA) Z11=V1/I1 Z21=V2/I1 V1(V) V2(V) I2(mA) Z12=V1/I2 Z22=V2/I2

1. 5 2.5 2.5 2 1 5 2.5 2.5 2 1

2. 8 3.99 4 2 1 8 3.99 4 2 1

3. 10 4.9 5 2 1 10 4.9 5 2 1

4. 12 5.9 6 2 1 12 5.9 6 2 1

5. 15 7.4 7.5 2 1 15 7.4 7.5 2 1

6. 18 8.9 9 2 1 18 8.9 9 2 1

7. 20 9.9 10 2 1 20 9.9 10 2 1

8. 22 11 11 2 1 22 11 11 2 1

9. 25 12.5 12.5 2 1 25 12.5 12.5 2 1

10. 30 15 15 2 1 30 15 15 2 1

CALCULATIONS:
R1=1KΩ R2=1KΩ R3=1KΩ
(i) Z11
PRACTICALLY (P) Z11 = (V1/I1 )=2Ω
(ii) Z22
PRACTICALLY (P) Z22 = (V2/I2 )=1Ω
(iii) Z21
PRACTICALLY (P) Z21 = (V2/I1 )=1Ω
(iv) Z12
PRACTICALLY (P) Z12 = (V1/I2 ) =2Ω 'Y' PARAMETERS THEORY :
In Y parameters of a two-port , the input & output currents I1 & I2 can be
expressed in terms of
input & output voltages V1 & V2 . Out of four variables (i.e I1, I2, V1, V2 ) I1&
I2 are dependent variables whereas V1 & V2 are independent variables.
I1= Y11V2 + Y12V2 -------(1)
I2= Y21V1 + Y 22V2 -------(2)
Here Y11 & Y22 are the input & output driving point admittances while Y12 &
Y21 are the reverse & forward transfer admittances.
PROCEDURE :
a) Connect the variable voltage to port 1 and keep the port 2 short
circuit i.e. V2 = 0 as shown in fig.4.a .Set different voltages on V1 and
measure V1 , I2 and I1 for each setting and tabulate Y11 & Y21.
b) Connect the variable voltage to port 2 and keep the port1 short
circuit i.e. V1 = 0 as shown in fig.4.b. Set different voltages at V2 and
measure V2, I1, I2 for each setting and tabulate Y12 & Y22.

“Y” PARAMETER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Circuit for determining Y11 and Y21

 Circuit for determining Y12and Y22 OBSERVATIONS TABLE:
S.NO When Port 2 is open circuit , V2= 0 When Port 1 is open circuit , V1= 0

V1(V) I1(mA) I2(mA) Y11=I1/V1 Y21=I2/V V2(V) I1(mA) I2(mA) Y12=I1/V2 Y22=I2/V2
1

1. 5 10 5 2 1 5 5 10 1 2

2. 8 16 8 2 1 8 8 16 1 2

3. 10 20 10 2 1 10 10 20 1 2

4. 12 24 12 2 1 12 12 24 1 2

5. 15 30 15 2 1 15 15 30 1 2

6. 20 40 20 2 1 20 20 40 1 2

7. 22 44 22 2 1 22 22 44 1 2

8. 25 50 25 2 1 25 25 50 1 2

9. 28 56 28 2 1 28 28 56 1 2

10. 30 60 30 2 1 30 30 60 1 2
CALCULATIONS:
R1=1KΩ R2=1KΩ R3=1KΩ
(i) Y11
PRACTICALLY (P) Y11 =(I1/V1 ) = 2 Ʊ
(ii) Y22
PRACTICALLY (P) Y22 = (I2/V2 ) =2 Ʊ
(iii) Y21
PRACTICALLY (P) Y21 = (I2/V1 ) = 1 Ʊ
(iv) Y12
PRACTICALLY (P) Y12 = (I1/V2 ) = 1 Ʊ
PRECAUTIONS:
a) Make the connections according to the circuit diagram. Power supply
should be switched off.
b) Connections should be tight.
c) Note the readings carefully.
RESULT:
The 'Z' & 'Y' parameters of the two port network has been calculated and
verified & corresponding errors are found.