UCINET Visualization and

Quantitative Analysis Tutorial

Session 1 – Network Visualization

Session 2 – Quantitative Techniques

Page 2
An Overview of UCINET (6.437)

Page 3
Transferring Data from Excel
(From Tab ConCoInfo)

Page 4
Transferring Excel Matrix Data into UCINET

Button To Open
Spreadsheet
Editor

Step 1. Copy data from Excel

Step 2. Open spreadsheet editor in UCINET
Step 3. Paste into spreadsheet editor in UCINET
Step 4. Save as “info” Page 5
Transferring Attribute Data into UCINET
(From Tab: ConcoAttr)

Button To Open
Spreadsheet
Editor

Step 1. Copy data from Excel

Step 2. Open spreadsheet editor in UCINET
Step 3. Paste into spreadsheet editor in UCINET
Step 4. Save as “attrib” Page 6
Opening NetDraw For Visualization

Step 1. Click The NetDraw Button To Open

Page 7
Opening Data in NetDraw

Step 1. File > Open > Ucinet dataset > Network

Step 2. Choose network dataset (info.##h)

Page 8
Opening Data in NetDraw

Step 1. Click - open folder icon

Step 2. Choose network dataset (info.##h), then click OK.

Page 9
Initial Visual in NetDraw

Page 10
Dichotomizing in NetDraw

Step 1. Click Relations Tab

Step 2. Select “Greater Than” Operator
Step 3. Insert The Number 3 Or Use The Plus Button To Get To 3
Page 11
Using Drawing Algorithm in NetDraw

Step 1. Choose = option on tool bar

Page 12
Using Attribute Data in NetDraw

Step 1. Click - open folder icon

Step 2. Choose attribute dataset (attrib.##h), then click Open.
Step 3. Click “OK” On Matching Box And “X” Out Of Attribute Editor.
Step 4. May need to re-set tie strength levels and click lightning bolt again.
Page 13
Choosing Color Attribute in NetDraw

Step 1. Select “Nodes”

Step 2. Select “Region”
Step 3. Place a check mark in the color box

Page 14
Selecting Nodes in NetDraw

Step 1. Default is all groups selected. To remove one group, e.g. group 2,
remove check from box

Page 15
Selecting Egonets in NetDraw

Step 1. Select “Ego” Button On ToolBar

Step 2. Ensure Geodesic distance FROM/TO ego is <= 1
Step 3. Select “BM”
Step 4. De-Select “AR”
Step 5. Select “All” Button and “X” Out Of Ego Net Viewer Page 16
Changing the Size of Nodes in NetDraw

Step 1. Properties > Nodes > Symbols > Size > Attribute-based
Step 2. Select gender and make minimum node size 8 and maximum 16
Page 17
Changing the Shape of Nodes in NetDraw

Step 1. Properties > Nodes > Symbols > Shape > Attribute-based
Step 2. Select attribute, e.g. hierarchy
Page 18
Changing the Size of Lines in NetDraw

Step 1. Properties > Lines > Size > Tie strength

Step 2. Select minimum =1 and maximum = 5
Page 19
Changing the Color of Lines in NetDraw

Step 1. Properties > Lines > Color > Node attribute-based

Step 2. Select Region attribute, then choose within, between or both
Step 3. Select Properties > Lines > Color > General to return to black lines
Page 20
Deleting Isolates in NetDraw

Step 1. Select Iso option on the toolbar

Step 2. Select ~Nodes button to bring back removed nodes (click on “Okay” in
pop-up box)
Page 21
Resizing and Re-centering in NetDraw

Step 1. Layout > Move/Rotate

Step 2. Select “Center” option

Page 22
Saving Pictures in NetDraw

Step 1. File > Save diagram as > Jpeg

Step 2. Choose file name, e.g. “Example Jpeg File For Powerpoint”
Page 23
Session 1 – Network Visualization

Session 2 – Quantitative Techniques

Page 24
Dichotomizing Valued Data
 The survey data that we collect is usually valued data. Although we can use
valued data in UCINET we prefer to take different cuts of the data. For example,
we may want to examine the data where people only responded “strongly agree”
to a question. To do this we dichotomize the data i.e. convert it to zeros and
ones where one means strongly agree and zero means any other response.

Step 1. Transform > Dichotomize Step 3. Choose cut-off op. and value (e.g. GE and 4)
Step 2. Choose input dataset (info.##h) Step 4. Specify output data set (Info_GE_4)

Page 25
 Network Cross
Measures of Network Connection Connection
Centrality Boundary
Analysis

• Density
– Shows overall level of connection within a network.
– We can also look at ties within and between groups.
• Distance
– Shows average distance for people to get to all other
people.
– Shorter distances mean faster, more certain, more
accurate transmission / sharing.

Page 26
 Network Cross
Density Connection
Centrality Boundary
Analysis

Low Density (25%) High Density (39%)

Avg. Dist. = 2.27 Avg. Dist. = 1.76

• Number of ties, expressed as percentage of the number of pairs

• Dense networks have more face-to-face relationships

Page 27
 Network Cross
Quantitative Analysis: Density Connection
Centrality Boundary
Analysis

Density of this network is 8%.

Step 1. Network > Cohesion > Density > Density Overall

Step 2. Input dataset “Info_GE_4”
Page 28
 Network Cross
Distance Connection
Centrality Boundary
Analysis

Short average distance Long average distance

 Average number of steps to reach all network participants

 Lower scores reflect a group better able to leverage knowledge

Page 29
 Network Cross
Quantitative Analysis: Distance Connection
Centrality Boundary
Analysis

Average Distance is 3.545

Step 1. Network > Cohesion > Geodesic Distance (old)

Step 2. Input dataset “Info_GE_4”

Page 30
 Network Cross
Measures of Centrality Connection
Centrality Boundary
Analysis

 Degree Centrality: How well connected each

individual is.

 Betweenness Centrality: Extent to which individuals

lie along short paths.

 Closeness Centrality: How far a person is from all

others in the network.

Page 31
 Network Cross
Quantitative Analysis: Degree Centrality Connection
Centrality Boundary
Analysis

Step 1. Network > Centrality and Power > Degree

Page 32
 Network Cross
Quantitative Analysis: Degree Centrality Connection
Centrality Boundary
Analysis

Step 1. Input dataset “Info_GE_4”

Step 2. Choose whether to treat data as symmetric. I almost always select no. If you
choose “no” it will calculate separate figures for the people you go to and the people
that come to you.
Page 33
 Network Cross
Quantitative Analysis: Degree Centrality Connection
Centrality Boundary
Analysis

In-degree for HA is 7

Page 34
 Network Cross
Quantitative Analysis: Degree Centrality Connection
Centrality Boundary
Analysis

Average in-degree is 3.652

In-degree Network
Centralization is 12.424%

Page 35
Opportunities exist to re-distribute relational load. Focus on ways to de-
layer those in the top right quadrant (info access, decision rights, role) while
also better leveraging those in the bottom quadrant
“From whom do you typically seek work-related information?”

90.00

80.00

Integrators
High Info
# People Receives Information From

70.00

Sources
60.00

279
163

78
50.00 170
196
117
295
37
93 278
40.00 272 263
90 171 6 53
26
255 275
112

119 201
30.00 239
141
248177 160
5161 266
273 54299
8 300 178
19722 233
118 173
9 82
16
212 52 55
229 211 203
20.00 135
308 174 184 158 199
113 7 249
268 3 147 140
294 270 133

High Info
28 303 175 243
169
95 81
127
224 69 241 30
286 245189126
202 105 14
191 187
45 265 230
217
198 3530159 13239 5 220
240 363874 221
234 24

Seekers
143 164
296 100
231 183
315
10.00 75 144 87 29
19 155 48
195
32
302 292 216
60
27256
99 269
205
24257131
190
101 56 185
23
153
102
148176210
92
264
91213
258 1
237
317
257
89 44 167
47192
15 244
246 222 10 209
2316
188
106 312
149
120
280
206 314
34 139
223
43 281
116
247
67
19350
111 276
311
136
145
0.00
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00

# People Each Person Seeks Information From

Page 36
 Network Cross
ScatterPlot Step 1: Save Text File Connection
Centrality Boundary
Analysis

Step 1. Generate Degree Calc. Network > Centrality > Degree > Info_GE_4
Step 2. File > Save As > Degree Output Text
Page 37
 Network Cross
ScatterPlot Step 2: Save Text File Connection
Centrality Boundary
Analysis

Step 1. Open Excel

Step 2. File > Open > Txt > Degree Output Text
Step 3. Step 1 (In Text Import Wizard) > Next
Step 4. Step 2 (Pictured) > Insert De-Limiter Between Names and Number.
Step 5. Step 3 Finish Page 38
ScatterPlot Step 3: Insert Columns Network
Centrality
Cross
Boundary
Connection
Back In UCINET Analysis

Step 1. Open UCINET Spreadsheet Editor

Step 2. Cut And Paste Relevant Headers And In/Out Degree Numbers
Step 3. Save As A UCINET file titled, “Scatterplot”

Page 39
ScatterPlot Step 4: Network
Connection
Centrality
Cross
Boundary
Create Plot In UCINET Analysis

Step 1. Tools > Scatterplot

Step 2. Click on open file folder to open “Scatterplot”
Step 3. Play with options (e.g., uniform axis)
Page 40
 Network Cross
Cross-boundary Analysis Connection
Centrality Boundary
Analysis

 Density across boundaries: How connected are groups within themselves

and with other pre-defined groups. This view can be used for different
boundaries. We have used the following in our research:
• Function or other designation of skill or knowledge.
• Geographic location (even if only different floors).
• Hierarchical level.
• Time in organization or time in department.
• Personality traits.
• Gender (interesting though may be inflammatory).

 Brokers: Which individuals are the links between other groups. Brokers can
be beneficial conduits of information but they can also hold up the flow of
information.

Page 41
 Network Cross
Cross-boundary Analysis Connection
Centrality Boundary
Analysis

Information Network: Density as related to practice

Please indicate how often you have turned to this person for information or advice on work-
related topics in the past three months (response of often or very often).

Healthcare Government IT Oil & Gas Pharmaceuticals Industrial

Healthcare 17% 0% 0% 7% 38% 0%
Government 0% 17% 0% 0% 0% 10%
IT 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 6%
Oil & Gas 4% 0% 0% 19% 3% 8%
Pharmaceuticals 35% 0% 0% 1% 49% 0%
Industrial 1% 9% 9% 12% 1% 8%

Page 42
 Network Cross
Density Across Practice Connection
Centrality Boundary
Analysis

Tip: Col 3 is the column that includes

the practice attribute. You can select
different columns for different attributes

MAKE SURE TO USE THE “DENSITY /

AVERAGE VALUE WITHIN BLOCKS”

Step 1. Network > Cohesion > Density > Old Density Procedure
Step 2. Input dataset “Info_GE_4”
Step 3. Click on “…” to select “Attrib” file for Row Partitioning. Arrow to end to select col 3.
Step 4. Column Partitioning will automatically be filled in with the same text as the Row Partition.
Step 5. Scroll all the way down in output file for density matrix.
Page 43
 Network Cross
Broker Categories Connection
Centrality Boundary
Analysis

Ego
Coordinator - This person connects people within their group.
A B

Gatekeeper - This person is a buffer between their own group Ego

and outsiders. Influential in information entering the group.

A B

Ego
Representative - This person conveys information from their
group to outsiders. Influential in information sharing. B
A

Page 44
 Cross
Quantitative Analysis: Broker Metrics Network
Connection
Centrality Boundary
Analysis

Tip: Col 2 is the column that includes

the gender attribute. You can select
different columns for different attributes

Step 1. Network > Ego networks > G&F Brokerage

Step 2. Input dataset “Info_GE_4”
Step 3. Partition vector “attrib col 2”
Page 45
Additional Quantitative Analysis

•Symmetrization & Verification

•Combining Networks

•QAP Correlation and Regression

Page 46
Symmetrizing Data

Bill John
• Bill says he communicated with John last week, but John doesn’t mention
communicating with Bill
• Three options
– take the conservative option, and put no tie between John and Bill
(minimum)
– take the liberal option, and put a tie between John and Bill (maximum)
– take the average, assigning a tie strength of 0.5 for the relationship
between John and Bill (average)

Page 47
Symmetrizing Data (Continued)

Tip: See previous slide for how to

choose the most applicable
symmetrizing method.

Step 1. Transform > Symmetrize Step 3. Symmetrizing method “maximum”

Step 2. Input dataset “Info_GE_4” Step 4. Output dataset “Info_GE_4-Sym”
Page 48
Combining Networks

 In the picture to the left you can

see the information network.

 In the picture below is the

combined information and value
network.

Page 49
Combining Networks (Continued)

Tip: The new matrix “infovalue” can now be

used for various visual and quantitative
analysis.

Step 1. Tools > Matrix Algebra

Step 2. In the Enter Command box type “infovalue = mult(ArtCoInfo_GE_4,ArtCoKase)”

Page 50
QAP Correlation

Step 1. Tools > Testing Hypothesis > Dyadic (QAP) > QAP Correlation (old)
Step 2. 1st Data Matrix “ArtCoInfo_GE_4”
Step 3. 2nd Data Matrix “ArtCoKase” (note that this file is already 1’s and
0’s so no need to dichotomize) Page 51
QAP Regression

Step 1. Tools > Testing Hypothesis > Dyadic (QAP) > MR-QAP Linear
Regression > Original (Y-permutation) method
Page 52
QAP Regression (cont.)

Adjusted R-Square of 0.133 indicates a moderate

relationship between the two social relations. The
probability of 0.000 indicates that it is statistically significant.

Step 1. Enter dependent variable “ArtCoInfo_GE_4”

Step 2. Enter independent variable “ArtCoKASE”
Page 53