Application of Indefinite Integral

Constant of Integration
d F(x) = f(x) dx
F(x) = y

∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
y + c1 = F(x) + c2
c2 – c1 = C
y = F(x) + C General Solution (Families of Curves)

Application of Indefinite Integral

I. Analytic Geometry
𝑑𝑦 ∆𝑦 𝑦2 −𝑦1
= =
𝑑𝑥 ∆𝑥 𝑥2 −𝑥1
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑚 (Slope)
𝑑𝑥
Examples:
1. Find the equation of the family of curves whose slope at any point is equal to the
square root of the abscissa of the point.
2. Find the equation of the family of curves whose slope at any point is (x+1)/(y+1).

II. Economic

C(x) – Total Cost Function, where x represents the number of commodity.

C’(x) – Marginal Cost Function
R(x) – Revenue Function
R’(x) – Marginal Revenue Function.

Examples:
1. The marginal cost function is given by C’(x) = 4x-8. If the cost of producing 5 units
is 20 pesos. Find the total cost function.
2. A company has determined that the marginal cost function for producing a particular
commodity is given by C’(x) = 125 + 10x +1/9 x2. If the overhead cost 120 dollar,
what is the cost of producing 15 units?
3. The marginal function is define by C’(x) = 6x where C’(x) is the number of hundreds
of dollars total cost of “x” hundred of unit of a certain commodity if the cost of 200
unit 2,000 dollars. Find (a) the total cost function (b) the overhead cost.
III. Advertisement
Example: An FM radio station is launching an aggressive advertising campaign, in
order to increase the number of daily listeners. The station currently have 27,000
listeners and the management expect the number of listeners s(t) to grow at rate of 60t1/2
listeners per day. Where t is the number of day since the campaign be if the station
wants the number of daily listeners to grow 41,000, how long will it take?

IV. Physics
1. Current – charge flow rate
𝑑𝑞
𝑖=
𝑑𝑡
2. Voltage- energy per charge
𝑊
𝐸=
𝑄
3. Capacitor
𝑄
𝐶=
𝑉
Examples:
1. The electric current (mA) in a computer circuit as a function of time is i= 0.3
– 0.2t. what total charge passes through the circuit in 0.5 second?
2. The voltage across an 8.5 nF capacitor in an FM radio receiver circuit is
individually zero, find the voltage after 2 microseconds if a circuit I = 0.042t
mA passes through the circuit of the computer.

V. Rectilinear motion
t – time
s – distance/position
v – velocity
a – acceleration

𝑑𝑠
𝑣=
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣
𝑎=
𝑑𝑡
𝑠 = ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑡

𝑣 = ∫ 𝑎 𝑑𝑡

Example:
1. A particle moving along a straight line is accelerating at the rate of 3 ft/s 2, find the
initial velocity if the distance traveled during the first two seconds is 10 ft.
 2. A particle moves on a straight line with velocity v = (4-2t)3 at time t. find the distance
travelled from t=0 to t=3.

VI. Projectile and Free Falling

g = ± 9.81 m/s2 =± 32.2 ft/s2

ℎ = ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑡

𝑣 = ∫ 𝑔 𝑑𝑡

Examples:
1. A flare is ejected vertically upward from the ground at 15 m/s. find the height
of the flare at 2.5 seconds?
2. A stone vertically upward from the ground with an initial velocity of 128 ft/s.
if the only force considered is that attributed to the acceleration due to the
gravity. Find (a) how long will it take to strike the ground (b) the speed until it
will strike the ground, and (c) how high the stone will rise?