Exercise 06

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Instructions:

a. Answer ALL the questions.

b. Your answers for the hypothesis tests should contain all of the following items: (i)
the hypotheses, (ii) the test statistic used and its value (or ANOVA table), (iii) the
degree of freedom of the test statistic (iv) the critical value(s) of the test and (v)
the conclusion of the test.

c. All numbers in your answers should have at least 4 significant figures / digits.

d. The significance level of all statistical tests is 0.05 unless it is given.

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1. It was known that a toxic material was dumped in a river leading into a large salt
water commercial fishing area. Civil engineers studied the way the water carried the
toxic material by measuring the amount of the material (in parts per million) found
in oysters harvested at three different locations, ranging from the estuary out into
the bay where the majority of commercial fishing was carried out. The resulting
data are given below:

Site 1: 15 26 20 20 29 28 21 26
Site 2: 19 15 10 26 11 20 13 15 18
Site 3: 22 26 24 26 15 17 24

Test whether there is a significant difference in the mean parts per million of toxic
material found in oysters harvested at the three sites.

2. It is thought that over 60% of business offices in Hong Kong have a Linux computer
as part of their equipment. When data are gathered, it is found that 233 of the 375
offices studied have Linux computers. Carry out a test for the claim.

3. Super-plasticised concrete is formed by adding chemicals to conventional concrete

to make it more fluid so that it can be placed more easily. Suppose that a sample
of 50 new construction projects in Country X yields 15 that are using this type
of concrete. A sample of 60 new projects in Country Y also yields 15 using super-
plasticised concrete. Find a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the
proportions of new construction projects in Country X and Country Y that are
using super-plasticised concrete.

4. Shot peening is used to compress the surface area of metal parts to make them more
resistant to fractures. Tests are conducted on a particular part to see is shot peening
reduces the proportion of parts that fracture when put into use. These data result:

Not shot peened Shot peened

n1 = 35 n2 = 40
number of fractured = 7 number of fracture = 3

1
 (a) Based on these data, do we have sufficient evidence to say that shot peening
reduces the probability that a part will fracture when put into use?
(b) Find the p-value of the test.

5. The following data represent carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions from coal-fired boi-
lers (in units of 1000 tons) over a period of years between 1965 and 1977. The
independent variable (year) has been standardised to yield the following table:

Year (x) 0 5 8 9 10 11 12
CO2 emission (y) 910 680 520 450 370 380 340

(a) Find the correlation coefficient.

(b) Estimate the linear regression equation.
(c) Is there a significant linear trend in CO2 emission over this time span? That
is, test that the slope of the linear regression equation is not zero.
(d) Predict the CO2 emissions from coal-fired boilers from the year 1968. Do you
find any problem on the predicted value?
(e) Predict the CO2 emissions from coal-fired boilers from the year 2000. Do you
find any problem on the predicted value?

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