ADVANCED DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER ENGINEERING (GTU)

SEMESTER: 4
SUBJECT CODE: 3340701

EXPLAINATION & VOICE BY:

Mr. NIKUL JAYSWAL
Lecturer in Computer Engineering
Shri K. J. Polytechnic, Bharuch
SUBJECT INTRODUCTION
 UNIT 1: ADVANCED SQL
In this chapter you will learn:

 Lecture 1 : Database Concepts, Introduction to Transaction Control Language (TCL).

 Lecture 2 : Commit command, Rollback command and Savepoint Command.
 Lecture 3 : Introduction to Data Control Language, Grant Command, Revoke Command.
 Lecture 4 : Introduction to Locks, Implicit and Explicit Lock, Level of Locks.
 Lecture 5 : Implementation of Explicit Locks, Lock table concept.
 Lecture 6 : Introduction to Database Objects, Views, Types of Views, Creating a View.
 Lecture 7 : Restriction, Advantages and Destroying Views, Simplification of complex queries
 Lecture 8 : Concept of Indexes, RowId Concept, Types of Indexes, Creating Index.
 Lecture 9 : Multiple Indexes on a table, Destroying an Index.
 Lecture 10 : Introduction to sequence, Implementation and Destroying a sequence.
TODAY’S LECTURE OUTCOMES
•Discussion of Database Concepts.
•Introduction to Transaction Control Language.
WHAT IS DATABASE?
▪A collection of inter related data
▪A database is some kind of collection of data. Though,
any random collection of data is not considered as a
database.
▪For example,
 Student_Name, Enrollment no., Contact No., Address – all these data belongs to student.
 All these data are inter related.
 Which forms the database for a student.
INTRODUCTION
What is DBMS?
▪Database Management System
▪It is a collection of inter-related data and a set of programs to
manipulate those data.
▪Data manipulation means – store data, modify data, remove data
or retrieve data
▪DBMS = Database + A set of programs
DATA VS. INFORMATION
DATA INFORMATION
Data means known facts, that can be Information means processed or organized
recorded and have implicit meanings. data.
Example: Example:
10001 Roll No Name Contact No
ABC 10001 ABC 1233421211
1233421211
10002 PRQ 9878967546
10003 XYZ 7898786534
Percentage : “98%”(derived from marks)
Raw material used to derived information. Information is a product derived from data.
It conveys something less comparatively. It conveys something more comparatively.
e.g. Not convenient to represent result as e.g. convenient to represent result as
marks percentage
Less useful More useful
OPERATION PERFORMED ON DATABASE SYSTEMS

Database system – a container to store database.

Various operations can be performed on database system are
 Create containers like tables, files
 Insert new data
 Modify / update data
 Remove/ delete data
 Retrieve data
 Destroy container like tables, files
 Other operations like, back up and recovery, performance monitoring ,
authorizing data access etc.
INTRODUCTION TO E-R MODEL

➢The E-R model employs three basic notions:

1. Entities
2.Attributes
3. Relationships
E-R DIAGRAM
(DATABASE IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS)
Requirement Gathering from
End Users

Identify Attributes Identify Relationship

Identify Entity Sets
for each entity set among entities

Construct E-R Diagram

Construct E-R Model into

Relations
TEACHING PROCESS

https://www.javatpoint.com/dbms-reduction-of-er-diagram-into-table
TRANSACTION CONTROL LANGUAGE (TCL)

➢Transaction:
➢"A transaction is a set of database operations that performs a
particular task."
➢A transaction can be considered as an action or a series of actions.
➢These actions are carried out by a single user or application program
to perform operations for accessing the contents of the database.
➢A transaction can either be embedded within an application program
or can be specified interactively via a high level query language such
as SQL
TRANSACTION
➢Consider an example of fund transfer from one account to another
account.
➢This task involves updating balance in two - source and destination –
accounts.
➢So, it requires two database operations: one, to debit an amount in source
account, and to credit that amount in destination account.
➢At low level, these credit and debit operations may involve a series of
read and write operations on both of these accounts.
➢These types of all operations form a single transaction.
TRANSACTION
A Single Transaction contains all below operations.
ACCOUNT A ACCOUNT B
BALANCE=800 BALANCE=200
READ (BALANCE)
BALANCE=BALANCE-100;
WRITE (BALANCE)
READ (BALANCE)
BALANCE=BALANCE+100;
WRITE (BALANCE)
BALANCE=700 BALANCE=300
TRANSACTION
➢A transaction can involve various database operations, such as
➢Retrieve (Read): to retrieve data stored in a database.
➢Insert (Write): to store new data in a database.
➢Delete (Write): to delete existing data from a database.
➢Update (Write): to modify existing data in a database.
➢Commit: to save the work done permanently.
➢Rollback: to undo the work done.
TRANSACTION
➢A database management system (DBMS) hides much of the complexity
related to transaction processing from the users.
➢User can also control the execution of transaction using functionalities
provided by DBMS software.
➢For example, an Oracle provides commands like COMMIT, ROLLBACK,
and SAVEPOINT to control the execution of a transaction.
THANK YOU…..
Appear for Quiz Assignment in Microsoft Teams.
Note: It is mandatory for all students to appear for quiz assignment, it will be
considered as present in lecture and marks will be count as progressive
assessment.
If you do not appear than it will be considered as Absent in class and marks
will be 0 (zero).