NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

and
STANDARD NORMAL VARIABLES

PREPARED BY:
Ms. JESSA MAE M. CALMA
 DEFINITION
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
- is also called the Gaussian distribution
- is a data distribution where the mean, median, and mode are
equal and the distribution is clustered at the center
- the graph of a normal distribution is a symmetrical bell-shaped
curve
 PROPERTIES
1. The mean , median, and mode are equal and are represented by the central point along the
horizontal axis which determines the highest point of the curve.
2. The curve is symmetric around the mean
3. It is asymptotic to the horizontal axis.
4. The total area (probability ) under the normal curve is equal to 100% or 1; or 50% or 0.5 to each side
from the center.
5. The standard deviation affects both the width and the height of the curve.
The standard deviation precisely describes the spread of the normal curve.
Approximately, 68.3% of the values are within one standard deviation from the mean,
95.4% is within two standard deviations from the mean , and
99.7% is within three standard deviations from the mean.
THE STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
- denoted by z
- has a 𝝁 = 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝝈 = 𝟏
PROBABILITIES for the STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

The Z- TABLE
 FINDING THE
AREA UNDER THE
NORMAL CURVE
EXAMPLE 1: Find the area from
z= -1.23 to z= 0.
SOLUTION:
EXAMPLE 2: Find the area from
z= 0 to z=2.25
SOLUTION:
Two Values on Opposite Sides on z=0 (OSA)
When two endpoints located on opposite sides of the mean, the individual probabilities from 0 are
ADDED.

EXAMPLE 3: Find the area between

z= -1.25 and z= 0.74

SOLUTION:
EXAMPLE 4: Find the area from
z= -2. 56 and z= 1.87

SOLUTION:
Two Values on Same Side of z=0 (SSS)
When two endpoints located on same sides of the mean, the individual probabilities from 0 are SUBTRACTED

EXAMPLE 5: Find the area between

z= -2.05 and z= -1.61
SOLUTION:
EXAMPLE 6: Find the area from
z= 0. 76 and z= 1.41

SOLUTION:
EXAMPLE 7 : Find the area to the left of z=-1.46 or z < -1.46 .
EXAMPLE 8: Find the area to the right of z=1.1 or z >1.1.
EXAMPLE 9: The area to the left of z = 1.23 or z <23.
EXAMPLE 10: Find the area to the right of z= -2.15 or z > -2.15
EXAMPLES : Find the z-value given the graph below.
Directly locate the given area to get the equivalent z-value if one of the endpoints is 0.
1.) 0.4066 2.) 0. 4525
 Find the z- value.
STEPS:
1. Subtract 0.5 to the given area.
2. Locate the difference in the z-table to get the corresponding probability.
3.) 0.2389 4.) 0.0793

The equivalent z- value of 0.2611 is 0.71. Since the The equivalent z- value of 0.4207 is 1.41. Since the
starting point of the shaded part is in the left of 0, starting point of the shaded part is in the right of 0,
so, z= -0.71 so, z= 0.71
 STEPS:
1. Subtract 0.5 to the given area.
2. Locate the difference in the z-table to get the corresponding probability.
6.) 0.9131
5.) 0.6985

The equivalent z- value of 0.1985 is 0.52. Since the The equivalent z- value of 0.4131 is 1.36. Since the
starting point of the shaded part is in the right of 0, starting point of the shaded part is in the left of 0,
so, z= 0.52 so, z= -1.36