Learning Area Mathematics, Statistics and Probability Grade Level 11

W4 Quarter 2nd Sem, 1st Quarter, WEEK 4 Date

I. LESSON TITLE Normal Random Variable

II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
COMPETENCIES (MELCS)
III. CONTENT/ CORE CONTENT
• Identifies regions under the normal curve corresponding to different standard normal
values
• Converts a normal random variable to a standard normal variable and vice versa
• Computes probabilities and percentiles using the standard normal table
Understand the key concepts of normal probability distribution

IV. LEARNING
Learning Activities
PHASES
B. Development Let’s have this first for a review before the lesson presentation.

A. Perform the indicated operation B. Investigate all parts of the diagram

manually. Then check your answer using below if the characteristics of a
calculator or any calculating device normal curve is present.
1. 0.9983 – 0.4531 = ____________
2. 1 - 0.3413 = ____________
3. 0.4772 - .0033 =______________
4. 0.5 – 0.1537 =_____________
5. 1 – 0.2318 =_____________

The answer for letter A will be left to you as an exercise. For letter B, all characteristics of a normal
curve is present in the given figure.

The activities presented in the previous part will be combined to identify the region under the normal
curve. In addition, you are going to use the Table of Areas under the Normal Curve or is commonly known
as the z-table. The value from this table will describe the area of any value of z (0 to 3.09) from z = 0.

How to use the z-table:

Example 1. Find the area if z = 1.34.

Solution. Split the given z-value into hundredths. We
can find the whole number and the tenths digit (1.30)
at the left side of the table while the hundredths (0.04)
is located at the uppermost of the table. Then the
intersection of these numbers will be the area
of the normal curve. In this case the area is 0.4099.
z
Example 2. Find the area to the right (or
above) of z = – 0.57.
0
Solution. When the problem states to the
right or above the value of z, you need to 0.50
get all the area from the value of z going
to its right.
The total area of the normal curve is 1,
so half of the normal curve is 0.50. You are
going to add this to the area from 0 to – 0.57
–0.57. Since the normal curve is symmetric,
area 0.57 = area –0.57. Looking at the z-table,
z 0.57 = z -0.57 = 0.2157.
Adding the two areas, we have 0.50 + 0.2157 = 0.7157.

Example 3. Find the area that corresponds below

(or to the left of) z = –1.35.
Solution. When the problem states below or to
the left of the value of z, you need to get all the
area from the value of z going to its left.
Half of the area of the normal curve is 0.50.
The table only gives the area from z=0 to the
value of z, in our case –1.35. This means we need to get the value of 1.35 (0.4115), subtract the value to
0.50 to get the area from –1.35 going to its left.
We will have 0.50 – 0.4115 = 0.0885.

Example 4. Find the area that is between z = – 1.80

and z = 1.68.
Solution. In this problem, we need to add 2 areas.
One area is from z = 0 to z = – 1.80. Another area – 1.80
falls from z=0 to z = 1.68. 1.68
The first area (z=1.80) is equal to 0.4641, while
the second area (z=1.68) is 0.4535. Adding the two
areas, we will have 0.4641 + 0.4535 = 0.9176.
 In solving real-life problems involving the normal curve, it is particularly important to convert a random
variable x to a standard normal variable or z-score. This procedure is known as “standardizing” or
“standardization” of a random variable, where a standardized value is called a z-score. A z-score is a
measure of the number of standard deviations (σ) a particular data value is away from the mean (μ).
Suppose your score on a test in Probability and Statistics is 39 and the scores are normally distributed
with a mean of 33 and standard deviation of 3, then your score is exactly 2 standard deviations above the
mean. If you scored 30, then it is exactly 1 standard deviation below the mean. All values that are above
the mean have positive z-scores and all values that are below the mean have negative z-scores. If you
obtained a z-score of -3, this means that your score is 3 standard deviations below the mean, that is, 33 –
3(3) = 33 – 9 = 24.
Given any value x from a normal distribution with mean μ and standard deviation σ, to convert x to a z-
score (standard normal score), you need to:
(a) Subtract the mean μ from x.
(b) Divide this quantity, 𝑥 – 𝜇, by the standard deviation σ.

The formula used in converting a random variable x to a standard normal variable z is:
𝑋−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎
where: 𝑧 – standard normal score or z – score
X – any data value in a normal distribution
𝜇 - mean
𝜎 - standard deviation

Example 5. Suppose IQ scores are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 10.
If your IQ is 85, what is your z-score (round off your answer to the nearest hundredths)?
Solution. The z-score can be computed as
𝑋−𝜇 85−100
𝑧= = = – 1.50
𝜎 10

Example 6. The heights of teachers in Sta. Catalina National High School are normally distributed with a
mean of 150 cm and standard deviation of 15 cm. The height of Sir Victor has a z-score of 3.25. What is
the actual height of Sir Victor (round off your answer to the nearest hundredths)?
Solution. In this example, z-score is given while the normal random variable is unknown. To solve for the
normal random variable x, multiply the z-score (z) by the standard deviation σ, then add the mean μ.
Therefore;
X = 𝑧𝜎 + 𝜇
= 3.25(15 cm) + 150 cm
= 48.75 cm + 150 cm
= 198.75 𝑐m

After learning how to identify regions under the normal curve and to compute normal random variable
and standard normal variable, it is now time for you to learn how to compute probabilities and percentiles
using standard normal table.

A normal distribution curve can be used as a probability distribution curve for normally distributed
variables. The area under the standard normal distribution curve can also be thought of as a probability.
That is, if it's possible to select any 𝑧 value at random, the probability of choosing one, say, below 1.45
would be the same as the area under the curve at the left of 1.45. In this case, the area is 0.9265. Therefore,
the probability of randomly selecting a 𝑧 value below of 1.45 is 0.9265 or 92.65%. The problems involving
probabilities and percentiles are solved in the same manner as finding the areas under a normal curve.

In finding probabilities, the following notations will be used:

(a) 𝑃(𝑍 < 𝑧) – probability at the left of 𝑧
(b) 𝑃(𝑍 > 𝑧) – probability at the right of 𝑧
(c) 𝑃(𝑎 < Z < 𝑏) – the probability of 𝑧 that is in between two other 𝑧 values, say 𝑎 and 𝑏
 (d) 𝑃(Z < 𝑎 ) ∪ 𝑃(Z > 𝑏 ) – the probability of 𝑧 is in the opposite direction of two values,
say 𝑎 and 𝑏
(e) 𝑃(𝑋 < 𝑥) – probability at the left of a normal random variable 𝑥
(f) 𝑃(𝑋 > 𝑥) – probability at the right of a normal random variable 𝑥
(g) 𝑃(𝑎 < 𝑋 < 𝑏) – the probability of a normal random variable 𝑋 that is in between two
other normal random variables, say 𝑎 and 𝑏.
(h) 𝑃(𝑋 < 𝑎 ) ∪ 𝑃(𝑋 > 𝑏 ) – the probability of 𝑋 is in the opposite direction of two values,
say 𝑎 and 𝑏

Example 7. Find the probabilities of each of the following:

(a) 𝑃(𝑍 < 1.32)
(b) 𝑃(𝑍 < – 1.05)
(c) 𝑃(– 0.75 < Z < 1.56)
(d) 𝑃(Z > – 0.88)
Solution. The solutions are as follows:
(a) The probability P(Z < 1.32) means to find the
area under the normal curve to the left of
z = 1.32. This can be computed as
z = 0.50 + 0.4066 = 0.9066,
or the probability is 90.66%.

(b) The probability P(Z > – 1.05) means to find the

area under the normal curve to the left of
z = – 1.05. This can be computed as
z = 0.50 – 0.3531 = 0.1469,
or the probability is 14.69%.

(c) The probability P(– 0.75 < Z < 1.56) means to

find the area under the normal curve from
z = – 0.75 to z = 1.56. This can be computed as
z = 0.2734 + 0.4406 = 0.7140,
or the probability is 71.40%.

(d) The probability P(Z > – 0.88) means to

find the area under the normal curve to the
right of z = – 0.88. This can be computed as
z = 0.3106 + 0.50 = 0.8106,
or the probability is 81.06%.

Example 8. The mean number of hours a Filipino worker spends on the computer is 3.1 hours per workday.
Suppose the spending time is normally distributed with a standard deviation of 0.5 hour, find the
percentage of workers who spend less than 3.5 hours on the computer assuming that the variable is
normally distributed.
Solution. The percentage of workers who spend less than 3.5 hours is the same as the area under the
normal curve at the left of a normal random variable of 3.5 hours. Convert 3.5 to a z value. That is, z =
3.5−3.1
= 0.80. From the table, the area at the left of z = 0.8 is 0.7881. Thus, the percentage of workers
0.5
who spend less than 3.5 hours is 78.81% (draw the normal curve if this will help you to visualize).

C. Engagement Solve the following activities on your quiz notebook to check your understanding of the lesson.

Activity 1. Identify the regions under the normal curve of the following standard normal values using the
z-table.
1. z = – 2.25 4. z = 3
2. z = 1.28 5. z = – 1.96
3. z = 0.56
 Activity 2. Supply the needed information by solving the missing value.
1. X = 25, μ = 40, σ = 6, z = ? 4. X = 125, μ = 105, σ = 8, z = ?
2. X = ?, μ = 218, σ = 36, z = –2.25 5. X = ?, μ = 145, σ = 20, z = 1.11
3. X = 39, μ = 30, σ = 3, z = ?

Activity 3. Determine the probabilities of the following:

1. P(Z < –1.45)
2. P(0.5 < Z < 2.33)
3. P(Z > 1.78)

D. Assimilation Applying Your Understanding Week 4 (this question, 20 points)

Use yellow pad for this part. Copy the question, then answer what is required. This activity will be
passed to your subject teacher.

There are 36 numbers you are going to use from 0 to 9. The first 24 numbers are as follows:
1 0 7 3 9 4 0 3 8 2 8 6
5 8 4 9 7 6 1 7 5 9 6 2

The last 12 numbers will be based on the FIRST LETTER OF YOUR LAST NAME. Check the table below.
Last Name Number

A, F, K, P, U, Z 1-0-8-0-7-2-0-9-0-0-0-1

B, G, L, Q, V 1-0-8-0-3-9-0-9-0-0-0-1

C, H, M, R, W 1-0-8-0-5-1-0-9-0-0-0-5

D, I, N, S, X 1-0-8-0-4-3-0-9-0-0-0-7

E, J, O, T, Y 1-0-8-0-4-1-0-6-0-0-0-3

Answer the following questions based on your collected data. ROUND-OFF ALL ANSWERS TO 2-DECIMAL
PLACES.
You need to show the table of your computation.
1. What is the mean?
2. What is the standard deviation?
You need to show the normal curve and your computation.
3. Find the area that is greater than 3
4. Find the area that is less than 6
5. Find the area between 3 to 6

Prepared by: Norman G. Duarte Checked by: Victoria L. Custodio

Personal Assessment on Learner’s Level of Performance

Using the symbols below, choose one which best describes your experience in working on each given task. Draw it in the
column for Level of Performance (LP). Be guided by the descriptions below. Use your quiz notebook for your answer.
☺ - I was able to do/perform the task without any difficulty. The task helped me in understanding the target
content/lesson.
√ - I was able to do/perform the task. It was quite challenging, but it still helped me in understanding the target
content/lesson.
 ? - I was not able to do/perform the task. It was extremely difficult. I need additional enrichment activities to be able to
do/perform this task.

Task LP Task LP Task LP Task LP

Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 4

Name and Section of Learner: ________________________________________

YouTube Video:
• DepEd TV – Official (check the video based on the lesson)