Sequence and Series 1.

(ii) a1/k, a2/k, a3/k, …, an/k are also in GP If the sequence a1, a2, a3, …, an are in HP, then
(iii) a1 + k, a2 + k, a3 + k, …, an + k are not in G.P 1 1 1 1
, , ,… are in AP.
(iv) a1 – k, a2 – k, a3 – k, …, an – k are not in GP. a1 a2 a3 an
Property II
If a1, a2, a3, …, an and b1, b2, b3, …, bn are two GPs, then Note
(i) a1b1, a2b2, a3b3, …, anbn are also in GP 1. No term of HP can be zero.
(ii) a1/b1, a2/b2, a3/b3, …, an/bn are also in GP 2. The general term of an HP is
1
(iii) a1 + b1, a2 + b2, a3 + b3, …, an + bn are not in GP. tn = [as in AP, tn = a + (n – 1)d]
(iv) a1 – b1, a2 – b2, a3 – b3, …, an – bn are not in GP a + (n - 1) d
Property III 3. There is no general formula to find out the sum of
If a1, a2, a3, …, an are in GP, then n-terms of an HP.
4. Questions of HP are generally solved by inverting
(i) a1r , a2r , a3r , …, anr are also in GP.
the terms and making use of the properties of the cor-
1 1 1 1
(ii) , , , º, are also in GP responding AP sequence.
a1 a2 a 3 an
Property IV
If a1, a2, a3, …, an are in GP, then 5. RECOGNISATION OF AP, GP AND HP
log a1, log a2, log a3, …, log an are in AP and vice-versa. Let a, b and c be three non-zero real numbers. Then
Property V (i) a, b, c are in AP if and only if
a-b a a+c
If a1, a2, a3, …, an are in GP, then = or b =
a1an = a2an–1 = a3an–2 b-c a 2
(ii) a, b and c are in GP if and only if
Property VI
a-b a
If a1, a2, a3, …, an are in GP, then = or b2 = ac
b-c b
ar = ar - k ¥ ar + k (iii) a, b and c are in HP if and only if
where 0 £ k £ n – r. a-b a 2ac
= or b = .
Property VII b-c c a+c
If a, b and c are in GP, then
b2 = ac 6. MEANS ( AM, GM AND HM)
Property VIII
If a1, a2, a3, …, an are in G.P, then 6.1 Arithmetic Mean (AM)
a22 = a1a3 , a32 = a2 a4 , a42 = a3a5 When three quantities are in AP, the middle one is said to be
and so on. the arithmetic mean (AM) of the other two.
Property IX If a, b and c be in AP, b is said to be the AM between a and c.
Number of terms and terms of GP sequence Ê a + bˆ
(i) If a, b Œ R+, then AM = (A) = Á
a Ë 2 ˜¯
(i) Three numbers of a GP can be considered as
, a, ar. (ii) If a, b, c ΠR , then
+
r
(ii) Four numbers of a GP can be considered as Ê a + b + cˆ
A=Á ˜¯
a a Ë 3
, , ar , ar 3
r3 r (iii) If a1, a2, a3, …, an Œ R+, then
(iii) Five numbers of a GP can be considered as Ê a + a + a3 + … + an ˆ
a a A=Á 1 2 ˜¯
, , a, ar , ar 2 . Ë n
r2 r
Insertion of n arithmetic means between two
(iv) Six numbers of a GP can be considered as
positive real numbers.
a a a
5
, 3 , , ar , ar 3 , ar 5. Let two positive real numbers are a and b.
r r r
Let A1, A2, …, An be n arithmetic means inserted between
two numbers a and b.
Then a, A1, A2, …, An, b must be in AP.
4. Harmonic Progression (HP) Let the common difference be d.
A sequence is said to be in HP if the sequence formed by the Thus tn–2 = b
reciprocals of each terms are in AP.

Algebra_01.indd 3 1/6/2017 3:41:59 PM