Sequence and Series 1.

1 1 a+b
fi - = (n + 1) d Also, A – G = - ab
b a 2
a-b 1
fi d= = ( a - b )2 ≥ 0
(n + 1) ab 2
A
1 1 1 Ê a-b ˆ fi A≥ G fi ≥1 …(ii)
Therefore, = +d = +Á G
H1 a a Ë (n + 1)ab ˜¯ From Relations (i) and (ii), we get
1 1 1 Ê a-b ˆ G A
= ≥1
= + d = + 2Á
Ë (n + 1)ab ˜¯
Similarly, H G
H2 a a
Ê a-b ˆ fi G≥H
1 1 1
= + d = + 3Á Hence, A ≥ G ≥ H
H3 a a Ë (n + 1)ab ˜¯ fi AM ≥ GM ≥ HM
o
Notes
1 1 1 Ê a-b ˆ
= + d = + nÁ a n +1 + b n +1
Hn a a Ë (n + 1)ab ˜¯ (i) If be the AM between two numbers a
a n + bn
Property and b, then n = 0
The sum of the reciprocal of n harmonic means is equal to n
a n +1 + b n +1
times the single harmonic mean between the two given posi- (ii) If be GM between two positive numbers
tive real numbers. a n + bn
Let H1, H2, …, Hn are n harmonic means inserted between a and b, then n = –1/2
two positive real numbers a and b.
Since a, H1, H2, …, Hn, b are in HP a n +1 + b n +1
(iii) If be the HM between two positive
a n + bn
1 1 1 1 1
, , , …, , are in AP numbers a and b, then n = –1.
a H1 H 2 Hn b
Ê 1 1ˆ
+
Therefore,
1
+
1
+ …+
1 Á
= n ¥ Á a b˜
˜ 7. mth POWERS THEOREM
H1 H 2 Hn Ë 2 ¯
If a1, a2, …, an be a set of positive numbers and all the a’s are
1
=n¥ not equal,
Ê 2 ˆ
Ê n mˆ Ê n ˆ m
Á 1 1˜
ÁË + ˜¯ Á  ai ˜ Á  ai ˜
a b Ë i =1 ¯ Á i =1 ˜
> ,
n Ë n ¯
Relation amongst the AM, GM and HM when 0 < m < 1
Let a, b Œ R+. Ê n mˆ Ê n ˆ m
Ê a + bˆ Á Â ai ˜ Á Â ai ˜
Then AM = (A) = Á
Ë 2 ˜¯
, Ë i =1 ¯ Á i =1 ˜
and <
n Ë n ¯
GM = (G) = ab
when m ΠR Р(0, 1).
Ê 2ab ˆ
and HM = (H) = Á
Ë a + b ˜¯ 8. CAUCHY-SCHWARTZ INEQUALITY
Ê a + b ˆ Ê 2ab ˆ If a, b, c and x, y, z are any real numbers (positive, negative
Now, A ¥ H = Á ¥
Ë 2 ˜¯ ÁË a + b ˜¯
or zero), then
(a2 + b2 + c2)(x2 + y2 + z2) ≥ (ax + by + cz)2
= ab = G2
Thus, A, G, H are in GP. 9. MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM VALUES OF
fi G2 = AH POSITIVE REAL NUMBERS
A G Let us suppose that x, y, z, …, w and are n positive variables
fi = …(i)
G H and c is constant.

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