1.

4 Algebra Booster

fi a + (n + 1)d = b Property
(b - a) The product of n geometric means inserted between two posi-
fi d= tive numbers, say a and b, is equal to the nth power of the
n +1
single geometric mean between the two given positive num-
Ê b - aˆ
Hence, A1 = a + d = a + Á . bers, i.e.
Ë n + 1 ˜¯ G1, G2, …, Gn = (ar)(ar2) … (arn)
Similarly,
= an ¥ r1+2+3+ … + n
Ê b - aˆ n ( n + 1)
A2 = a + 2d = a + 2 Á .
Ë n + 1 ˜¯ = a n ¥ (r ) 2

o È n(n + 1) ˘
Ê b - aˆ ÍÎ 1 + 2 + 3 + +n=
2 ˙˚
An = a + nd = a + n Á
Ë n + 1 ˜¯ n ( n + 1)
Ê b n 1+ 1 ˆ 2
Ê ˆ
Property = an ¥ Á Á ˜ ˜
ËË a¯ ¯
If n arithmetic means inserted between two positive real num-
n
bers, say a and b, the sum of the n-arithmetic means is equal Ê bˆ 2
to n-times the single arithmetic mean between two positive =a ¥Á ˜
n
Ë a¯
real numbers, i.e.
È Ê bˆm ˘
Ê a + bˆ -m
Í Á ˜ =6 ¥a ˙
m
A1 + A2 + A3 + º + An = n ¥ Á
Ë 2 ˜¯
.
Î Ë a¯ ˚
n
6.2 Geometric Mean = (ab) 2
When three quantities are in GP, the middle one is called the = ( ab ) n .
geometric mean (GM) between the other two.
If a, b and c are in GP, then b is the geometric mean be- 6.3 Harmonic Mean (HM)
tween a and c.
When three non-zero quantities are in HP, the middle one is
(i) If a, b ΠR+, then GM = (G) = ab . called the harmonic mean (HM) between the other two.
(ii) If a, b, c ΠR+, then GM = (G) = 3 abc . If a, b and c are in HP, then b is called the harmonic mean
(iii) If a1, a2, a3, …, an Œ R+, then GM = (G) = n a1a2 … an . between a and c.
2
Insertion of n geometric means between two (i) If a, b ΠR+, then HM = (H) =
1 1
positive real numbers +
a b
Let two positive real numbers be a and b.
Let G1, G2, …, Gn are n geometric means inserted between 3
(ii) If a, b, c ΠR+, then H = .
the two given positive numbers, a and b. 1 1 1
+ +
Then a, G1, G2, …, Gn, b must be in G.P. a b c
Thus, tn–2 = b (iii) If a1, a2, a3, …, an Œ R+, then
fi arn+1 = b n
H=
1 1 1 1 1
Ê b ˆ n +1 + + +º+
fi r=Á ˜ a1 a2 a3 an
Ë a¯
1
Ê b ˆ n +1 Insertion of n harmonic means between two
So, G1 = ar = a Á ˜ ,
Ë a¯ positive real numbers
Similarly, Let two positive numbers be a and b respectively.
2 Let H1, H2, …, Hn are n harmonic means inserted between
Ê b ˆ n +1 two positive real numbers a and b.
G2 = ar = a Á ˜
2
Ë a¯ Then a, H1, H2, …, Hn, b are in HP.
o 1 1 1 1 1
n Thus, , , , …, , are in AP.
a H1 H 2 Hn b
Ê b ˆ n +1
Gn = ar n = a Á ˜
Ë a¯ Now
1 1
= + (n + 1) d
b a

Algebra_01.indd 4 1/6/2017 3:41:59 PM