Normal

Probability
Distribution
MR. AQUINO
What is NPD?
also known as the Gaussian distribution

It shows graphical representations of random variables obtained through measurement.

 Height
 Weighted
 ranks of the A&E (Accreditation and Equivalency)
 Test results

It also used to determine the probabilities and percentile of the continuous random variables in
the distribution.
Properties of Normal Curve
1. The normal curve is bell-shaped

2. The curve is symmetrical about its center

3. The mean, median, and mode coincide

4. The width of the curve is determined by the standard deviation of the distribution

5. The tails are thus asymptotic to the baseline

6. The total area under a normal curve is 1

The Normal Curve
Unimodal
Symmetrical

Asymptotic Tail

Mean = Median = Mode

 Empirical Rule/Three-Sigma Rule
The Empirical Rule states that:

68% of the data falls within one standard

deviation

95% percent within two standard deviations

99.7% within three standard deviations from the

mean
Example Let's assume a population of animals in a zoo is known to
be normally distributed. Each animal lives to be 13.1 years old on
average (mean), and the standard deviation of the lifespan is 1.5
years. If someone wants to know the probability that an animal will
live longer than 14.6 years
Solution:µ ± σ
◦ Where: µ = Mean
σ = Standard Deviation
One SD 13.1 - 1.5 = 11.6 (left)
13.1 + 1.5 = 14.6 (right)
Two SD 13.1 – 2(1.5) = 10.1 (left)
13.1 + 2(1.5) = 16.1 (right)
Three SD 13.1 – 3(1.5) = 8.6 (left)
13.1 + 3(1.5) = 17.6 (right)

10.1 13.1 16.1

8.6 11.6 14.6
17.6
Example As another example, assume instead that an animal in the zoo lives
to an average of 10 years of age, with a standard deviation of 1.4
years. Assume the zookeeper attempts to figure out the probability
of an animal living for more than 7.2 years.
Solution:

One SD
10 - 1.4 = 8.6 (left)
10 + 1.4 = 11.4
Two SD (right)
10 – 2(1.4) =
10 + 2(1.4) = 7.2 (left)
Three SD 12.8
The empirical rule states that 95% of the distribution lies within
10 – 3(1.4) = (right) two standard deviations. Thus, 5% lies outside of two standard
10 + 3(1.4) = deviations; half above 12.8 years and half below 7.2 years.
5.8 (left) Thus, the probability of living for more than 7.2 years is: 95% +
(5% / 2) = 97.5%
14.2
(right)
The Z- Score Table

50
50
%
%
How to find the area that corresponds to z-value?

1.Draw/sketch a normal curve and locate the given z-value on the normal curve
2.Shade the region of the curve according to the condition of z-value whether it is below,
above, or between.
3.Use the table of the area under the normal curve to find the corresponding area.
4.Choose the appropriate operation based on step 2 and 3
a. When the z-value is to the left or any related terms (e.g. below, less than) just write
the value we obtained in step 3
b. When the z-value is to the right or any related terms (e.g. above, greater than),
subtract 1 by the obtained value in step 3
c. When the shaded region is in between of the two z-value, subtract the biggest by the
smallest value obtained in step 3
5.Label the shaded region and draw a conclusion

Example: Find the area to the
left of z = -1.69
First split the given z-value into two. z = -1.69
-1.6 (y-axis) and 0.09 (x-axis)
1.Draw/sketch a normal curve and locate
the given z-value on the normal curve
2.Shade the region of the curve according
to the condition of z-value whether it is
below, above, or between.
 Example: Find the area to the left of z = -1.69
First split the given z-value into two. z = -1.69
-1.6 (y-axis) and 0.09 (x-axis)

3. Use the table of the area under the normal curve to find
the corresponding area.
4. Choose the appropriate operation based on step 2 and 3
 When the z-value is to the left or any related terms
(e.g. below, less than) just write the value we
obtained in step 3
 When the z-value is to the right or any related terms
(e.g. above, greater than), subtract 1 by the obtained
value in step 3
 When the shaded region is in between of the two z-
value, subtract the biggest by the smallest value
obtained in step 3
5. Label the shaded region and draw a conclusion
 1.Draw/sketch a normal curve and locate
Example: Find the area to the given z-value on the normal curve
the left of z = 1.35 2.Shade the region of the curve according
to the condition of z-value whether it is
below, above, or between.
 Example: Find the area to the left of z = -1.69
First split the given z-value into two. z = -1.69
-1.6 (y-axis) and 0.09 (x-axis)

1. Use the table of the area under the normal curve to find
the corresponding area.
2. Choose the appropriate operation based on step 2 and 3
 When the z-value is to the left or any related terms
(e.g. below, less than) just write the value we
obtained in step 3
 When the z-value is to the right or any related terms
(e.g. above, greater than), subtract 1 by the obtained
value in step 3
 When the shaded region is in between of the two z-
value, subtract the biggest by the smallest value
obtained in step 3
3. Label the shaded region and draw a conclusion
Example: Find the area left of z = 0.32
and right of z = 2.42
z = 0.32 >0.3 (x-axis) and 0.02(y-axis)
z = 2.42 >2.4 (x-axis) and 0.02(y-axis)
1. Above x

B C

A D

x μ y
2. Above y

B C

A D

x μ y
3. Not less than x

B C

A D

x μ y
4. Less than x

B C

A D

x σ
y
5. Greater than x but not more
than y

B C

A D

x μ y
Example 1:
The results of a nation wide aptitude test in
Mathematics are normally distributed with σ=80
and s= 15. What is the percentile rank of a
score of 84?
1 Step:
st

Convert the raw score to z-core.

2nd Step:
Find the area that corresponds to your z- score.

z = 0.27
The area that corresponds to this z-score is 0.1064
3rd Step: 4th Step:
Draw a normal curve and shade Base of the sketch,
the region showing the area below compute for the area
the given z- score of the shaded region.

Once we say Percentile , it μ 0.27

will be coming from the least
possible score (or from 0).
80 84
Example 2:
The weights of 1000 children average to 50 kg and
the standard deviation is 12 kg. How many children
weight to 40 kg and 65 kg.
1 Step:
st

Convert the raw score to z-core.

2nd Step:
Find the area that corresponds to your z- score.
◦A -0.83 = 0.2969
◦A 1.25 = 0.3944
3rd Step: 4th Step:
Draw a normal curve and shade Base of the sketch,
the region showing the area below compute for the area
the given z- score of the shaded region.

-0.83 σ 1.25
40 50 65
 5th Step:
Express the area as percent then multiply the corresponding z-
score to the total number of population to get the percentage.

So the total area of the from

40 to 65 is:
0.2969+0.3944=0.6913
therefore, the percent
equivalent is 69.13% -0.83 μ 1.25
40 50 65
 6th Step:
Multiply the percent equivalent to the total number of children to
get the number of children who weight from 40kg to 60kg.
69.13% of the population weight
from 40kg to 60kg.

So, therefore:

0.6913(1000) = 691.3
But since we are talking about the
number of children, we are going to
consider only the whole number.
-0.83 μ 1.25
So the final answer is 691 children.
40 50 65
 B C D E
A F
w x μ y z
1. Given: Mean = 50, SD = 12 and
z = 1.25

X = 50 + (1.25) (12)
= 50 + 15
= 65
2. Given: Mean = 50, SD = 12 and
z = -0.83

X = 50 + (-0.83) (12)
= 50 – 9.96
= 40.04
(round off to the nearest whole number);
so, it will be 40.
3. Given: Mean = 50, SD = 12 and
A = 0.3186 to the right
Z = 0.91
X = 50 + (0.91) (12)
= 50 +10.92
= 60.92
(round off to the nearest whole number);
so, it will be 61.
4. Given: Mean = 50, SD = 12 and
A = 0.4936 below mean
Z = -2.49
X = 50 + (-2.49) (12)
= 50 - 29.88
= 20.12
(round off to the nearest whole number);
so, it will be 20.