EMPYEMA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Pulmonary empyema Empyema with Normal pleural accumulation of pus space in the pleural space CAUSE Empyema can develop after you have pneumonia. Many different types of bacteria may cause pneumonia, but the two most common are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Occasionally, empyema may happen after you've had surgery on your chest. Medical instruments can transfer bacteria into your pleural cavity. RISK FACTORS Things that may raise the risk of empyema are having: Lung infections, such as pneumonia Aweakened immune system, such as from HIV infection, steroid use, or cancer treatment Lung damage from things like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rheumatoid arthritis, or recent chest surgery SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS e Fever e Excessive night sweating Pleural pain Cough Dyspnea Anorexia Weight loss MANAGEMENT Medication Antibiotics will be given to treat the infection. Procedures © Thoracentesis © Achest tube * Diseased tissue and fluids may be removed with surgery. This can be done with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or thoracotomy. ALI HASSAN, AMALy A collection of pus in the cavity between the lung and the membrane that surrounds it (pleural space). Empyema can develop after you have pneumonia. Many different types of bacteria may cause pneumonia, but the two most common are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Occasionally, empyema may happen after you’ve had surgery on your chest. Medical instruments can transfer bacteria into your pleural cavity DIAGNOSTICS — a y mputed tomo be inserted thr rough the ck fluids will be collected for testing MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Medication Antibiotic Procedures surgery This can beNursing Diagnosis * ImpairedGasExchange r/t compressed ears ber scar lla eel [al =elle]a mo) meg t 9) (100g | ® Risk for Activity Intolerance r/t hypoxia secondary to empyema |