NIMBUS ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT

DEHRADUN UTTARAKHAND

Masters of Business Administration (MBA)

Live Projects Report On Non-

Governmental Organization
(NGOs)

Submitted By- Akshita Joshi

Submitted To- Dr. S.R Sharma
Course- MBA 1st Year (2nd semester)
 Acknowledgement
The successful accomplishment of this project work is the
outcome of the contribution of number of people, especially
those who have given the time and effort to share their
thoughts and suggestions to improve the report.

I am thankful for all the knowledge, guidance and support

imparted by Dr. S. R. Sharma (Director of Nimbus Academy
of Management) who gave me valuable knowledge during
the project.

I wish to convey deep sense of gratitude towards Prof. Tanuja

Tomar at any time I needed. This was really a good way of
learning and I really appreciate her efforts towards giving me
proper line directions. At the end I would like to express my
sincere thanks to all the other staff members who have
provided me excellent knowledge and support throughout
my Post Graduation.

Finally, my sincere gratitude goes to my family and friends for

supporting me, sharing their thoughts and giving me the
moral support during the preparation of this report.
 Declaration

I hereby state that I Akshita Joshi student of MBA 2nd

Semester; completed the project report entitled, Live
Projects Report on NGOs.
I also further state that the project has been prepared by my
own with the primary, which was essential for the
completion of the report. The project presented to college
and university is purely genuine and it has not been
presented earlier.

_____________________
Student’s signature

AKSHITA JOSHI
 Certificate
This is to certify that Ms. Akshita Joshi student of Nimbus
Academy of Management, Dehradun, has successfully
completed the project work as prescribed by the
Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun in the partial
fulfillment of the requirement of Master of Business
Administration (MBA) Program for the academic year 2020-
2022.

The Project Work titled as “Live Projects on Current Business

Issues” The student has to undergo live projects on recent
business activities such as Non-governmental Organization
(NGOs).

Project Guide H.O.D Examiner

(Dr. S. R. Sharma) Ms. Tanuja Tomar
 LIST OF TABLES $
FIGURES
Topic Page no.
Non-Governmental Organization 5
Evolutionary Stages of Development of NGOs 16
Role of NGOs 17
Methods 21
Levels 22
Types of working at NGOs 27
NGOs in India 28
Human Resource Management & NGOs 32
Impact of HRM 35
Importance of NGOs 36
Challenges of HRM in NGOs 40
Conclusion 41
Bibliography 44
 ABSTRACT
Study and examined the role of Non-governmental
organization (NGOs) in community development. There of
heterogeneity rather than homogeneity with Non-
government organization, making the developing, consistent
and workable policies to be difficult. In order of such policies
to be developed, the understanding of the characteristics and
roles of various Non-governmental organizations requires the
development of analytical tools and evaluative criteria.

Data were gathered using secondary and primary data. Data

collected and interpreted using percentages and tables.
Formulated Hypothesis was tested using chi-square. From
the data analyzed, the following were ascertained.

The Non-governmental organization helps in capital

formation for investment have increasingly been promoting
or promoted as alternative health care, poverty alleviation,
encourages women empowerment through human rights,
social justice empowerment and community development
however, based on the findings, a number of
recommendation were made.
There are particular factors that explain the irrationality. On
the other hand, a change in society that is salient to the
group can motivate an introspective NGO to engage in
sustained political action.
 Non-government organization
<

Introduction:

Organizations that are independent of any government's

involvement are called Non-governmental organizations. These
organizations are also known as NGOs.

A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a non-profit, citizen-

based group that functions independently of government. NGOs,
sometimes called civil societies, are organized on community,
national and international levels to serve specific social or
political purposes, and are cooperative, rather than commercial,
in nature.

A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a citizen-based

association that operates independently of government, usually
to deliver resources or serve some social or political purpose.
NGOs are a subgroup of all organizations founded by citizens,
which include clubs and other associations that provide services,
benefits, and premises only to its members.

"Task-oriented and driven by people with a common interest,

NGOs perform a variety of service and humanitarian functions,
bring citizen concerns to Governments, advocate and monitor
policies and encourage political participation through provision
of information."

Background:
NGO, been a non-governmental or nonprofit making
organization, they pursue an issue of interest to its members by
lobbing persuasion and/or direct action, in the area of
international economics. NGO play an increasing role defending
human rights and the environment and fighting poverty. Enugu
as a non-Government Organization registered as a trustee in
October, 1991 with the corporate affairs commission Abuja,
Nigeria has proved lots of functions towards community
development such as:

 Education
 Poverty alleviation
 Water and sanitation
 Economic empowerment

International NGOs Day:

World NGO Day is observed annually on 27 February. It was

officially recognized and declared on 17 April 2010 by 12
countries of the IX Baltic Sea NGO Forum to the 8th Summit of
the Baltic Sea States in Vilnius, Lithuania. We celebrate the key
civil society's contribution to public space and their unique ability
to give voice to those who would have gone otherwise unheard.
History:

National NGOs go back to antiquity. International non-

governmental organizations have a history dating back to at least
1839. Rotary, later Rotary International was founded in 1905. It
has been estimated that by 1914 there were 1083 NGOs.

International NGOs were important in the anti-slavery

movement and the movement for women's suffrage, and
reached a peak at the time of the World Disarmament
Conference. However, the phrase "non-governmental
organization" only came into popular use with the establishment
of the United Nations Organization in 1945 with provisions in
Article 71 of Chapter 10 of the United Nations Charter for a
consultative role for organizations which are neither
governments nor member states—see Consultative Status.

The definition of "International NGO" (INGO) is first given in

resolution 288 (X) of ECOSOC on February 27, 1950: it is defined
as "any international organization that is not founded by an
international treaty". The vital role of NGOs and other "major
groups" in sustainable development was recognized in Chapter
27 of Agenda 21, leading to intense arrangements for a
consultative relationship between the United Nations and non-
governmental organizations.

Rapid development of the non-governmental sector occurred in

western countries as a result of the processes of the welfare
state. Further globalization of that process occurred after the fall
of the communist system and was an important part of the
Washington consensus.
Globalization during the 20th century gave rise to the
importance of NGOs. Many problems could not be solved within
a nation. International treaties and international organizations
such as the World Trade Organization were perceived as being
too centered on the interests of capitalist enterprises. Some
argued that in an attempt to counterbalance this trend, NGOs
have developed to emphasize humanitarian issues,
developmental aid and sustainable development.

A prominent example of this is the World Social Forum which is a

rival convention to the World Economic Forum held annually in
January in Davos, Switzerland. The fifth World Social Forum in
Porto Alegre, Brazil, in January 2005 was attended by
representatives from more than 1,000 NGOs. Some have argued
that in forums like these, NGOs take the place of what should
belong to popular movements of the poor.

Others argue that NGOs are often imperialist in nature, that they
sometimes operate in a racialized manner in dominant countries,
and that they fulfill a similar function to that of the clergy during
the high colonial era. The philosopher Peter Hallward argues that
they are an aristocratic form of politics. Whatever the case, NGO
transnational networking is now extensive.
History of NGO in India:

India has a long tradition of social service, social reform and

voluntary agencies. NGOs emerged in India soon after
Independence when Mahatma Gandhi made a plea for dissolving
the Indian National Congress (the political party which came into
power upon Independence), and transforming it into a Lok Sevak
Sangh (Public Service Organization).

The second stage of growth of NGOs in India was around 1960

when many individuals noticed that the governmental programs
seemed to be inadequate to deal with the deprived sections of
India. These groups formed organizations that worked on behalf
of the poor, the landless, the tribals, the bonded laborers, and
many other social groups that were being discriminated against
by the policies of the state and social structure. These grass roots
organizations work at the micro-level and work with limited
resources and lack of coordination.

The role of voluntary organizations is to aid in making

communities as self-reliant as possible. These groups were
expected to show how village and indigenous resources could be
used and how human resources, rural skills and local knowledge,
grossly underutilized at present could be used for their own
development. NGOs because of their situation and interaction
with local people can be very effective in bringing change since
they are able to address issues that governments are often not
able to comprehend.
Influence of NGOs upon world affairs:

Advocacy and public education NGOs affects global affairs in its

ability to modify behaviour through the use of ideas.
Communication is the weapon of choice used by advocacy and
public-education NGOs in order to change people's actions and
behaviors’.

They strategically construct messages to not only shape

behaviour, but also socially mobilize communities in promoting
social, political, or environmental changes. Movement NGOs
mobilize the public and coordinate large-scale collective
activities to significantly push forward the activism agenda.

In the post-Cold War era, more NGOs based in developed

countries have pursued international outreach and became
involved in local and national level social resistance and become
relevant to domestic policy change in the developing world. In
for the cases where national governments are highly sensitive to
external influences via non-state actors, specialized NGOs have
been able to find the right partners (e.g., China), building up solid
working networks, locating a policy niche and facilitating
domestic.
These areas included:

 Optimal utilization and development of renewable source

of energy.

 Family welfare, health and nutrition, education and

relevant community programs in the field.

 Health for all programs.

 Water management and soil conservation.

 Social welfare programs for weaker sections.

 Implementation of minimum needs program.

 Disaster preparedness and management (i.e. for floods,

cyclones, etc.)

 Promotion of ecology and tribal development.

 Environmental protection and education.

Characteristics of Non-Governmental Organization:

1) These are social development organizations.
2) These are organizations of private individuals who believe
in certain basic social principles.
3) They structure their activities to bring about development
to communities they are servicing.
4) An independent, democratic, non-sectarian people’s
organization working for the empowerment of economic
and/or socially marginalized groups.
5) An organization not affiliated to political parties.

Issues with the functioning of NGOs:

1) The external issue of funding

2) No accountable, nontransparent undemocratic
functioning:
3) Money Laundering
4) Misappropriation of funds
NGOs Special objectives include:
1) To identify whether it is necessary for the development of a
community.

2) To know if Non- governmental organization reasonable impact

in developing the community.

3) To know the various ways through which Non- governmental

organization contributes towards community development.

4) To examine the possibility of achieving a better development

through collaborated efforts of the NGO.

5) To make investigation on the economic status of the

community in independence layout and evaluate the impact of
Non- governmental organization in their assistance.

6) To known the obstacles facing community development in

independence layout.

Partnerships can struggle to accommodate these different

visions, making it hard to harness the skills, abilities and local
contacts that NGOs offer to best effect. NGOs themselves can be
torn between engaging other stakeholders in order to provoke
change from the inside and maintaining their independence from
the outside.
 Evolutionary stages of development
NGO

Three stages or generations of NGOs evolution have been

identified by Korten’s (1990) Three Generations of Voluntary
Development Action.

 First generations are the typical development NGO

focuses on relief and welfare and delivers relief services
directly to beneficiaries. The distribution of food, shelter or
health services. The NGO notices immediate needs and
responds to them are some examples of this.

 Second generations are oriented towards small-scale, self-

reliant local development. At this evolutionary stage, NGOs
build the capacities of local communities to meet their
needs through ‘self-reliant local action’.

 Third generations are ‘sustainable systems development’.

At this stage, NGOs try to advance changes in policies and
institutions at a local, national and international level; they
move away from their operational service providing role
towards a catalytic role. The NGO is starting to develop
from a relief NGO to a development NGO.
 Role of NGO

In our societies:

1) They act as service contractors, able to work more efficiently

and more effectively than government agencies thereby playing
an important role in the socio-economic transformation.

2) It brings in accountability and transparency to governance.

3) It acts as a human rights watchdog in the society.

4) NGOs act as channels for donors to provide international

development funds to low-income countries or developing
countries.

NGOs play a critical role in all areas of development. People and

policy makers are agree on one thing that NGOs play a very
important role in development. Role of NGOs vary over the years
as the policy of government changes.

NGOs are almost dependent on polices of government. Socio

economic development is a shared responsibility of both i.e.
government and NGOs. Role of NGOs are complementary but
vary according to polices of government.
If we closely pursue the voluminous literature on NGOs many
roles can be found according to the expectations of people.
Basically NGOs role is to prepare people for change. They
empower the people to overcome psychological problem and
opposition of oppress. Its role cannot be denied.

The major development roles also ascribed to NGOs are to act

as:

1) Planner and implementer of development programmers.

2) Mobilize of local resources and initiative.
3) Catalyst, enabler and innovator.
4) Builder of self-reliant sustainable society.
5) Mediator of people and government.
6) Supporter and partner of government program in activating
delivery system implementing rural development programs, etc.
7) Agents of information.
8) Factor of improvement of the poor
9) Facilitator of development education, training,
professionalization, etc.

Some NGOs see themselves as champions of the poor, lobbying

government to give them a better deal. Others play a watchdog
role, ensuring that governments and utilities remain honest,
focused on serving the people. It focuses at ground level, finding
ways to bring communities together to provide basic services to
those in most need. Many look to combine these roles within
one organization.
In development:

 Fighting social evils: It is due to the efforts of NGOs that the

government has banned sex determination of foetus as it
leads to evils like abortion of the female fetus.
 Right to Information: It is because of the efforts of NGOs
that RTI has become a reality in India.
 Right to Shelter: NGOs such as YUVA and SPARC in cities
like Mumbai have repeatedly opposed the demolition of
hutments even as they try to improve the quality of life in
the sprawling slum clusters
 Tribal Rights: As witnessed in the Vedanta vs. Posco case,
NGOs have raised voice against the discrimination of tribal
by the multinationals. Many of these NGOs have partnered
with Gram Panchayat in the proper implementation of acts
like the Forest Rights Act, CAMPA Act etc.
 Implementation of welfare schemes: NGOs due to
proximity to the general public, work as an interface
between government and the end-users. Thus NGOs play
three roles of implementer, a catalyst and a partner in the
implementation of government welfare schemes.
 Rehabilitation: NGOs did a remarkable job post-2004
Tsunami. Besides helping in rescue operations, NGOs also
set up vocational training centers.
 Community Development: Local, national and regional
NGOs have emerged as major players and partners in
development activities in the region. At the community
level, they are in the front line in providing assistance in the
acquisition of basic needs and amenities; in identifying
issues, raising awareness, and in articulating the
communities’ problems.
In Protection of Environment:

Major campaigns by NGOs:

 Climate Change

 Protection of Pristine forests

 Protection of marine life and diversity

 Against whaling

 Against Genetic Engineering/ GMOs

 Prevention of Nuclear Threat to wildlife

 Elimination of chemical and biological toxic waste

 Encouragement of sustainable trade

Some major environmental NGOs in India are:

 Greenpeace
 WWF
 Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS)
 Methods
NGOs vary in their methods. Some act primarily as lobbyists,
while others conduct programs and activities primarily. For
instance, such an NGO as Oxfam, concerned with poverty
alleviation, might provide needy people with the equipment and
skills they need to find food and clean drinking water.

NGOs work for a wide variety of causes that aims to bring about
the change in the life of the people for a greater cause and to
protect their rights.
For example, an NGO like Oxfam works to alleviate poverty by
offering the help to the needy people in form of equipment’s and
skills for getting access to food and clean drinking water.

Networking: The International Freedom of Expression Exchange

(IFEX), founded in 1992, is a global network of more than 60 non-
governmental organizations that promote and defend the right
to freedom of expression.

Consulting: Many international NGOs have a consultative status

with United Nations agencies relevant to their area of work. As
an example, the Third World Network has a consultative status
with the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
and the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).
 Levels of NGOs
 Orientation
 Operation
 Campaigning

1) The NGOs can be classified into various types on the basis of

different factors like orientation or level of cooperation. NGO
type by orientation can be grouped into charitable orientation;
Service orientation; Participatory orientation; and Empowering
orientation.

2) NGO type by level of co-operation can be grouped into

Community- Based Organization; City Wide Organization,
National NGOs and International NGOs

3) The Non-governmental organizations forms a heterogeneous

group and it has a long list of organization working in different
areas with varied scope of work.

4) The alternative terms used in addition to “NGO” include

private voluntary organizations, civil society, independent sector,
self-help organizations, grassroots organizations, volunteer
sector, transnational social movement organizations, and non-
state actors (NSA’s).

(NGOs) Types by Level of Orientation:

1. Charitable orientation often involves a top-down effort
with little participation or input by beneficiaries. It includes
NGOs with activities directed toward meeting the needs of
the disadvantaged people/groups.

2. Service orientation includes NGOs with activities such as

the provision of health, family planning, or education
services. NGOs hold the program during these activities to
provide service, and the people are expected to participate.

3. Participatory orientation is characterized by self-help

projects where local people are involved, particularly in the
implementation of a project by contributing cash, tools, land,
materials, labor, etc. In the classical community development
project, participation begins with the definition of need and
continues to the planning and the implementation stages.

4. Empowering orientation aims to help poor people develop

a clearer understanding of the social, political and economic
factors affecting their lives, and to strengthen their
awareness of their potential power to control their lives.
There is maximum involvement of the beneficiaries, with
NGOs acting as facilitators.

(NGOs) Types by Level of Operation

1. Community-based Organizations (CBOs) arise out of people’s
own initiatives. These can include sports clubs, women’s
organizations, and neighborhood organizations, religious or
educational organizations. There are a large variety of these,
some supported by NGOs, national or international NGOs, or
bilateral or international agencies, and others independent of
outside help.

2. Citywide Organizations include organizations such as the

Rotary or lion’s Club, chambers of commerce and industry,
coalitions of business, ethnic or educational groups and
associations of community organizations. Some exist for other
purposes, and become involved in helping the poor as one of
many activities, while others are created for the specific purpose
of helping the poor.

3. State NGOs include state-level organizations, associations, and

groups. Some state NGOs also work under the guidance of
National and International NGOs.

4. National NGOs include organizations such as the Red Cross,

YMCAs/YWCAs, professional organizations etc. Some of these
have state branches and assist local NGOs.

5. International NGOs range from secular agencies such as Save

the Children organizations, OXFAM, CARE, UNDP, UNICEF, Ford
and Rockefeller Foundations to religiously motivated groups.
Their activities vary from mainly funding local NGOs,
institutions and projects, to implementing the projects
themselves.

(NGOs) Types by Level of Campaigning

Campaigning NGOs seek to "achieve large-scale change
promoted indirectly through the influence of the political
system.

“Campaigning NGOs need an active and efficient group of

professional members who can keep supporters informed,
and motivated. They must maintain a vast network of
informed supporters who can be mobilized for events to
garner media attention and influence policy changes”
The defining activity of campaigning NGOs is holding
demonstrations. Campaigning NGOs often deal with issues
relating to human rights, women's rights, and children's
rights.

The primary purpose of an Advocacy NGO is to defend or

promote a specific cause. These organizations typically try to
raise awareness, acceptance, and knowledge by lobbying,
press work, and activist events.

Some of the Famous terms used for (NGOs) are as follows:

BINGO – It is a short term used for business-friendly
international NGO
CITS – It is a type of NGO that basically devoted in helping the
scientific community by motivating the young talent towards
R & D.
CSO – It is short term for civil society organization
DONGO – It refers to the Donor Organized NGO
ENGO – It is an abbreviated form of environmental NGO like
Global 2000;
GONGO – It refers to the government-operated NGOs
INGO – It is an abbreviated form of international NGO like
Oxfam
QUANGO – It refers to the quasi-autonomous NGO like an
ISO non-governmental organizations, such as the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
TANGO – It refers to the technical assistance NGO
GSO – it stands for the Grassroots Support Organization
MANGO – It refers to the market advocacy NGO
CHARDS – It is a short form for Community Health and Rural
Development Society.
 Type of Working NGO at
International Level and India

The Nobel Prize for Peace has been awarded to several

NGOs: NGOs have played central roles in global campaigns
against slavery, the trade in ivory, whaling, and violence,
against women, apartheid in South Africa, and the
proliferation of nuclear weapons.
The Nobel Prize for Peace has been awarded to several NGOs
including:
 International Committee of the Red Cross (1917, 1944,
and 1963), Amnesty International (1977)
 International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear
War (1985)
 International Campaign to Ban Landmines (1997)
 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007).

Year Name Country

1979 Mother Teresa India

2014 Kailash Satyarthi India

 Non-Governmental Organization in
(India)

1) Child Rights and You (CRY)

It is one of the top 10 NGOs in India. CRY was started in the
year 1979 by Rippan Kapoor. The NGO is located in Mumbai,
Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata and Delhi. It is dealing with
many issues like Child Labor, Girl Child, Malnutrition, Poverty,
Education and Illiteracy, Child Marriage, Child Trafficking,
Gender Inequality.

2) Give Foundation
Give Foundation was founded in the year 1999. It is located
in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is an online donation platform
and aims to channel and provide resources to credible non-
governmental organizations across India. It helps in raising
funds and contribution from individuals and then distributes
it to credible NGOs.

3) Goonji voice, an effort

Goonj is one of the top 10 NGOs in India. It is headquartered
in Delhi, India. It was formed in the year 1999 by Anshu
Gupta. The leading NGO takes care of disaster relief,
humanitarian aid and community development.

4) Help Age India

Help Age India was founded in the year 1960 by Sri Sarvapalli
Radhakrishnan, Mr. Jackson Cole and Samson Daniel. It is
secular, non- profit and non-governmental organization. It is
registered national level voluntary organization.
The NGO is working towards cause and care of disadvantaged
older person. It helps in improving their quality of life. Help
Age advocates for different elder needs such as quality
healthcare, Universal Pension, action against Elder Abuse and
many more at a national, state and societal level with State
and Central governments.
It works hand-in-hand with Senior Citizens Associations
understanding elder needs working with and for them. It
advocates for elder friendly policies and their
implementation.

5) The Akshaya Patra Foundation (TAPF)

Akshaya Patra Foundation was founded in the year 2000 by
Bhakti Vedanta Swami Prabhupada. It is located in Bengaluru,
Karnataka.
It is a non-profit organization that serves mid-day meals to
over 1.76 million children from 15,024 schools across 12
states in India. Through the Mid-Day Meal Programme, the
NGO attempts to feed the children in India who lack the
means, but have the zeal to learn and achieve.
Akshaya Patra also aims at countering malnutrition and
supporting the right to education of socio-economically
disadvantaged children. The foundation supports all other
kinds of NGOs as well.

6) Smile Foundation
Smile Foundation as set up in the year 2002 with the aim of
bringing positive change in the lives of underprivileged
children, their families and communities.

7) K C Mahindra Education Trust (Nanhi Kali)

The K.C Mahindra Education Trust was founded in the year
1953 by late Mr. K.C Mahindra. It was founded with the aim
of promotion higher learning and literacy in the country.
It is known for its many initiatives in the field of education
which is making huge impact in the lives of needy and
deserving students. The trust is providing money in the form
of loans, scholarships and grants. It various initiatives are as
follows-

1) Scholarships & Grants

2) Livelihood Training- Mahindra Pride School
3) Girl Child Education- Project Nanhi Kali

8) Sammaan Foundation
Sammaan Foundation is working for the marginalized
sections of the society. The company is giving thrust on
sustainable livelihoods, participatory management and
community mobilization. It is working with the marginalized
sections of society. Sammaan Foundation is focusing on
sustainable livelihood, participatory management and
community mobilization.

9) LEPRA India
LEPRA Society is a non-governmental organization. It helps in
promoting quality health care. It initiates and fosters new
development and implementation.
The Society is supporting National Health Program for
prevention and control of various diseases. It is promoting
health improvement activities in poor community. It has
worked into many leading Indian cities.

10) Pratham Education Foundation

The leading learning organization is one of the top 10 NGOs
in India. It was created with the purpose of improving the
quality of education in India. It is one of the leading non-
governmental organizations in country. Pratham was
established in 1995 for providing education to children in the
slums of Mumbai. The motive behind the Pratham Education
is to improve the quality of education.
 HUMAN RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT & NGO

Basic HR Practices:
The Human Resource management is a strategic approach
that focuses in managing people in organization in a
structured manner. This process refers to policies, practices
and systems which influence employees’ behaviour, attitude
and performance.
HRM is a crucial component that built a quality of Human
Capital, which play a critical role in creating and sustaining
high performance organizations.

Role of HR in NGO

The non-governmental organization play better role in the

corporate social responsibility because of the Human
Resource Department in the organization. The HR manager
plays a vital role in linkage between community and the
industry.

To develop the better relationship with people, HR manager

have to make use of Strategic Relationship Management
Skills.
They should interact with the community by establishing
better linkage with the NGOs working in the locality. The
Human Resource (HR) manager can initially conduct Focus
Group Discussion (FDG) with the community lenders with the
help of Non-Governmental organizations and need
evaluation and need prioritization is to be conducted.

Non Governmental Organization (NGOs) has become

significant players in policy over the last two decades. The
evolving relationship among NGOs, developing states and
donars are a critical aspect of international development
assistance and the wider development policy debate. NGOs
vary in their missions, internal management, scope of
engagement, sources of funding, relations with developing
states and target area of operation.

NGOs are the vanguard of civil society. They have

increasingly been seen as the vehicles of the new police
agenda of economic liberalization and political challenging
resources through northern and indigenous NGOs support
grassroots organization, social change, political
empowerment and sustainable development. It helps in
contract development work and promotes institutional
capacity building. The role of NGOs in the contemporary
world is elaborately described in the present study along with
the management challenges and other issues faced by NGOs,
social activity, policy-makers and all concerned.

Capacity building for NGOs is an ongoing process. As a human

resource manager move ahead to bring about social changes,
this also brings up new and unexpected challenges. However,
constant training and exposure to new ideas can lead
organizations to address these challenges and improve their
organizational growth.

FUNDSFORNGOS.ORG has compiled resourceful information

about managing human resource in NGOs so that they are
able to achieve improvement in leadership, management and
governance.
Organizational development is a critical aspect of fund
raising. If the system of the organization is set right, the
workers should not only perform better but also have the
prospect of attracting donors to support and empower NGOs.

The human resource management for NGOs here aims to

make small and medium sized NGOs understand and assess
organizational behavior and functioning; manage
organizations through planning, implementing and
monitoring activities strategically; improve the performance
of their staff; build effective management system, policies
and plant to improve long term sustainability and resource
mobilization.
 Impact of hrm on NGO

Volunteers help in raising funds:

 Bringing in passion and enthusiasm
 Spreading the word
 Multiplying donars network
 Finding out platforms
 Contributing in other activities as required
 Importance of HR in NGO

The importance of Human Resource (HR) in a non-

governmental organization (NGOs) as a mean of ensuring
sustainable development growth for an organization can’t be
overemphasized, as it is the fundamental strength upon with
people, strategies, processes and operations are based.

Effective employee management is on the top list of priorities

for progressive improvement of an organization. NGOs must
strive to attract, develop and retain qualified and enthusiastic
employees as they are the key to success of one’s business.

Human resource management is the management of people

who work in an organization. They can be managers,
employees, project officers, field workers and coordinators.

Since the organization is run by these peoples, they are

considered to be a “resource”- a human resource. As an
organization needs funds to manage a project, it also needs
“human resources” or “people” to manage the overall
activities in the firm.
h
lb
u
s
d
c
p
B
fiz
o
g
n
a
m
r
t
e
The process of managing, motivating and making the staff
performs involves setting up of system, including building
plans and policies. These systems fall under human resource
management. It develops human resources to achieve
progress.

It is not enough just to have a dedicated team for an

organization. It is fundamentally believe that unless the team
is not properly managed, motivated and performed, the
organization will not receive its goal and objective.
Human Resource Information System for NGOs employees:

The Human Resource Information System (HRIS) is a

database that records and maintains information about all
employees in an organization. This system is useful in job
recruitment, developing terms and reference, and
monitoring, assessing and coordinating work with each of the
employees. This system also ensures transparency of the
organization in employing people.
As (MIS) Management Information System is to implement
project and deliver results. The Human Information System is
similar to it in the sense that it is used to manage the staff
and achieve results for the growth of the organization.
Although the kind of information is also used for carrying out
job analysis and career development of an employee is larger
organization. Non-governmental organizations are facing a
competing demand of providing high quality services in front
of reduced funds.
It is better to use Microsoft Excel sheet to fill in the
information, save the file in the computer and take a printout
and file it at a safe place. The document should be easily
accessible for others to see.
Human Resource ensures financial sustainability:

The HR manager develops a financial plan outlining the various

options available for expanding business resource stream. The
organizations undertake proper research to understand about
various options that can be used to maintain flow of funds.
This will also help in understanding the potential donors and
their priority areas. Some of the option can be used are as
follows:-

 Sale of product: Some of the products that organization

produces can be sold in the market. This may not be a huge
amount but will help the NGOs to continue their efforts.
 Diversifying donors: Here the NGOs will look for the
various options from where they get the funding; this
includes corporate houses, local institute.
 Service fee & Membership fees: The organization can
start charging nominal fees from the target beneficiaries for
the maintenance and functioning of the project. The NGOs
can charge annual fees from the members; this may be a
small amount but help in continuing some project activities.
 In kind donation: Do not just look at the financial support
from the agencies as In-kind support can also help in
sustaining some other project activities.
 Online fund raising: it can help the NGOs to reach a
wide audience and individuals who wants to invest in a
project.
s
g
n
le
a
h
C
R
H Challenges of hr in ngo

HR CHALLENGES
Financial Management

Maintains Productivity

Hiring best employees

Forecasting

Managing Diversity
ETHICAL DIMENSION
Equal Opportunity

Job Security

Promote well-being at work

Fair treatment

Healthy and safe working

environment
 Conclusion

The term, "non-governmental organization" or NGO, came

into currency in 1945 because of the need for the UN to
differentiate in its Charter between participation rights for
intergovernmental specialized agencies and those for
international private organizations. At the UN, virtually all
types of private bodies can be recognized as NGOs. They only
have to be independent from government control, not
seeking to challenge governments either as a political party
or by a narrow focus on human rights, non-profit-making and
non-criminal.

The structures of NGOs vary considerably. They can be global

hierarchies, with either a relatively strong central authority
or a more loose federal arrangement. Alternatively, they may
be based in a single country and operate transnational. With
the improvement in communications, more locally-based
groups, referred to as grass-roots organizations or
community based organizations, have become active at the
national or even the global level. Increasingly this occurs
through the formation of coalitions.

There are international umbrellas NGOs, providing an

institutional structure for different NGOs that do not share a
common identity. There are also looser issue-based networks
and ad hoc caucuses, lobbying at UN conferences. In
environmental politics, this occurs in the unique form of the
nine "Major Groups", listed in Agenda 21.
At times NGOs are contrasted with social movements. Much
as proponents of social movements may wish to see
movements as being more progressive and more dynamic
than NGOs, this is a false dichotomy.

NGOs are components of social movements. Similarly, civil

society is the broader concept to cover all social activity by
individuals, groups and movements. It remains a matter of
contention whether civil society also covers all economic
activity. Usually, society is seen as being composed of three
sectors: government, the private sector and civil society,
excluding businesses.
NGOs are so diverse and so controversial that it is not
possible to support, or be opposed to, all NGOs. They may
claim to be the voice of the people and to have greater
legitimacy than governments, but this can only be a plausible
claim under authoritarian governments. However, their role
as participants in democratic debate does not depend upon
any claim to representative legitimacy.

The market environment for competent and skilled personnel

is becoming increasingly competitive and costly. The constant
pressure for change has forced local NGOs to realize that
events within and externally affect their performance and
survival.

Local NGOs need to be aware that competent employees

together with effective HR system and practices are factors
essential for securing sustainable competitive advantage in
their market space. This required local NGOs to be proactive
in continuously seeking to improve their human resource
practices.

A crucial task for local NGO leadership is to evaluate the

extent to which organizational culture ensures the strategic
integration and adoption of HR practices to make sure
employee potential is harnessed and develop for the benefit
of both the individual and organization.
 Bibliography

REPORTS
 Asian NGO Coalition for Agrarian Reform and Rural
Development (ANGOC).
 "Development Alternatives: The Challenge for NGOs",
Special Supplement of World Development.
 Global Facility. Participation by Nongovernmental
Organizations in the Global.

BOOKS
 Human Resource Management (Manmohan Joshi)
 Research methodology (John W. Creswell)

WEBSITE
 http.//www.google.co.in
 http.//www.wikipedia.org