Fadillah Ayu Natasya

200512501006

Assignment 7

Write down in points, the main features, events, and leading figures in Tudor era.

Main features and events:

1. 1485: Henry Tudor invades and defeats Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth and is crowned
king Henry VII.
2. 1486: Henry and Elizabeth marry; Prince Arthur is born.
3. 1487: Lambert Simnel invades from Ireland, and is defeated at Stoke; the Wars of the Roses
end.
4. 1492: Treaty of Etaples with France.
5. 1493: Perkin Warbeck, pretender to the Crown, emerges in Ireland.
6. 1496: Scots invade England in support of Warbeck.
7. 1497: Cornish rebellion; Warbeck captured.
8. 1501: Arthur and Catherine of Aragon marry.
9. 1502: Arthur dies.
10. 1503: Elizabeth of York dies; Prince Henry and Catherine are betrothed; James IV and
Margaret – Henry VII’s daughter – marry.
11. 1509: Henry VII dies and Henry VIII ascends; Empson and Dudley are arrested; Henry and
Catherine marry.
12. 1511: Henry joins the Holy League against France.
13. 1513: Battle of Flodden; James IV dies; English victory at Tournai; Thomas Wolsey rises in
Henry’s service.
14. 1514: Peace with France; Louis XII marries Mary – Henry’s sister.
15. 1516: Wolsey becomes a cardinal; Bessie Blount becomes Henry’s mistress; Princess Mary is
born.
16. 1518: Wolsey sets up the Treaty of London and gets temporary universal peace.
17. 1519: Charles V becomes holy Roman emperor. Illegitimate Henry Fitzroy is born.
18. 1520: Henry meets Francis I of France at the Field of Cloth of Gold; Henry meets Emperor
Charles V; Mary Boleyn becomes the king’s mistress.
19. 1521: Henry orders the execution of the duke of Buckingham and writes a book on his Catholic
beliefs.
20. 1522: War with France; Henry ends his relationship with Mary Boleyn.
21. 1527: Henry starts divorce proceedings against Catherine.
22. 1529: Wolsey fails to find a solution to Henry’s divorce and Henry fires him.
23. 1532: Henry sleeps with Anne Boleyn, who becomes pregnant.
24. 1533: Henry marries Anne; Archbishop Cranmer declares Henry’s first marriage null; Act in
Restraint of Appeal severs ties to Rome; Elizabeth is born.
25. 1534: Parliament passes the First Succession Act and the Treasons Act.
26. 1536: Catherine dies; Dissolution of the Monasteries; Act of Supremacy; Pilgrimage of Grace;
‘Silken Thomas’ revolts in Ireland; the English Bible is approved; Henry marries Jane Seymour.
27. 1537: Prince Edward is born; Jane dies.
28. 1539: Act of Six Articles.
29. 1540: Henry marries and divorces Anne of Cleves; Thomas Cromwell falls; Henry marries
Catherine Howard.
30. 1542: Treaty with the emperor; war with Scotland.
31. 1543: Treaty of Greenwich betroths Prince Edward to Mary Queen of Scots; Henry marries
Catherine Parr.
32. 1544: War with France; attack on Scotland; fall of Boulogne.
33. 1545: England defeats a potential French invasion; Mary Rose sinks.
34. 1546: The Howards fall; Henry makes his will.
35. 1547: Henry VIII dies; Edward VI – aged 9 – becomes king; duke of Somerset forms the
protectorate; war with Scotland; Act of Six Articles is repealed.
36. 1549: Act of Uniformity; first Book of Common Prayer issued; rebellions in Devon and Norfolk;
Somerset falls; war with France.
37. 1550: Peace with France; earl of Warwick becomes lord president of the Council.
38. 1552: Second prayer book issued.
39. 1553: Edward VI dies; Jane Grey reigns briefly; Mary succeeds and returns to the old ways in
religion.
40. 1554: Sir Thomas Wyatt rebels; Mary marries Philip II of Spain; England and Rome are
reunited.
41. 1555: Mary starts burning Protestants; Mary’s pregnancy is false.
42. 1557: War with France.
43. 1558: England loses Calais; Mary and Cardinal Reginald Pole die; Elizabeth becomes queen
with William Cecil as secretary of state.
44. 1559: Protestant religious settlement by the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity; Protestants
revolt in Scotland.
45. 1560: English intervene in Scotland, resulting in the Treaty of Edinburgh; Elizabeth flirts with
Lord Robert Dudley, whose wife, Amy Robsart, dies in suspicious circumstances.
46. 1562–1563: England’s intervention in France fails; Treaty of Troyes.
47. 1567: Mary Queen of Scots is imprisoned and her husband, Lord Darnley, murdered.
48. 1568: Mary Queen of Scots arrives in England as a fugitive; John Hawkins fights at San Juan
d’Ulloa; England seizes Alba’s pay ships.
49. 1570: Papal bull excommunicates Elizabeth.
50. 1571: Act against papal bulls.
51. 1572: Treaty of Blois with France; massacre of St Bartholomew’s day.
52. 1584: Assassination of William of Orange, leader of the Dutch revolt.
53. 1585: Treaty of Nonsuch with the United Provinces; war with Spain; Drake in the Caribbean.
54. 1586: Babington Plot seals the fate of Mary Queen of Scots.
55. 1587: Drake raids Cadiz.
56. 1588: Spanish Armada is defeated; Robert Dudley dies.
57. 1591: English campaigns in support of Henry IV of France in Normandy and Brittany.
58. 1593: Henry IV becomes a Catholic.
59. 1595: Tyrone’s revolt in Ireland; Drake and Hawkins fail in the Caribbean.
60. 1596: Capture of Cadiz; second Spanish Armada fails due to weather.
61. 1598: William Cecil, Lord Burghley, dies; Peace of Vervins between France and Spain.
62. 1599: The earl of Essex is sent to Ireland and fails in his mission.
63. 1601: The earl of Essex revolts.
64. 1603: Elizabeth dies; Robert Cecil secures the peaceful accession of James VI of Scotland.
Leading figures:

1. Henry VII (1485 – 1509)

2. Henry VIII (1509–1547)
3. Edward VI (1547–1553)
4. Lady Jane Grey (1553)
5. Mary I (1553 – 1558)
6. Elizabeth I (1558 – 1603)