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Chapter 4 Peninsular River System
Chapter 4 Peninsular River System
Based on source:
Himalayan Rivers
Peninsular Rivers
• Peninsular Rivers:
– West Flowing
– East Flowing
Parcham Classes 1
Peninsular River System
• Rivers that originate from the peninsular plateaus
and small hills of India.
•Largely seasonal/no-perennial - depend on rainfall.
•Mostly East Flowing - originate from Western Ghats
and flow towards Bay of Bengal - make deltas at their
mouths.
•Water-divide is formed by Western Ghats
•Low velocity of water and load carrying capacity of
the streams is low due to low gradient.
Parcham Classes 2
• 2 long west flowing rivers - Narmada and Tapi (as well as
those originating from the Western Ghats and falling in the
Arabian Sea) - form estuaries in place of deltas.
• No Delta → Due to Hard rocks & lack of Distributaries
Estuary - Semi closed coastal body of water and it’s
connected to the open sea
River delta - a landform created
by deposition of sediment that is carried by a river
Parcham Classes 3
Major West Flowing Rivers
1. Narmada
2. Tapi/Tapti
3. Mahi
4. Sabarmati
Parcham Classes 4
Gulf of Khambat (खंभात की खाडी)
• Also known as Gulf of
Cambay
• A bay on Arabian
Sea coast of India,
bordering Gujarat.
• About 200 km long,
about 20 km wide in
north and up to 70 km
wide in south.
Parcham Classes 6
Narmada River
• Also called Rewa and previously also known as Nerbudda
• Origin – Amarkantak peak (north eastern end of satpura
range), near Anuppur district of Madhya Pradesh.
• Flows – in a rift valley between Vindhya range and Satpura
range
• Drains - Arabian Sea near Gulf of Khambat, west of Bharuch
city of Gujarat
• Largest west flowing river in peninsula.
• Known as the lifeline of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.
• Total length from its source in Amarkantak to its estuary in
the Gulf of Khambhat is 1,310 km.
Parcham Classes 7
Narmada River
• Forms Dhuandhar Falls (धंआधार जिप्रपात) in Bedaghat
near Jabalpur (M.P.)
Parcham Classes 8
• Major Dams - Sardar Sarovar, Indira Sagar,
Omkareshwar Dam, Maheshwar Dam
• Kanha National Park located in the upper reaches
of Narmada. Tributaries of Narmada – Hallon and
Banjar, flow through this park.
Parcham Classes 9
Tapi/Tapti River (तापी/ ताप्ती नदी)
• Origin – Multai,
Betul District (M. P.)
eastern central part
of Satpura range.
• Flows – westward
crossing Satpura in
the center, enter
Maharashtra then
Gujarat.
Parcham Classes 12
Mahi River (र्ाही नदी)
• Origin – Vindhya
range, M.P.
• Flows – Northwards
to Vagad (वागड)
Region of Rajasthan,
takes U-Turn and
enters Gujarat
• Drains – Gulf of
Khambat
• The major part of basin is covered with agricultural land
accounting to 63.63% of the total area.
• Hydro Power stations located at - Mahi Bajaj Sagar dam
(र्ाही बजाज सागर बां ध) and Kadana
Parcham Classes Dam (कदाणा बां ध). 13
Vagad Region (वागड प्रदे श)
Parcham Classes 14
Sabarmati River (साबरर्ती नदी)
• Origin – Aravalli hills,
Udaipur, Rajasthan
• Flows – Southwest
direction, enters
Gujarat and flows
through Ahemdabad
• Drains – Gulf of
Khambat
Parcham Classes 15
Luni River (िूनी नदी)
• Luni is largest river in the Thar
desert in north-west India
• Luni is the only river basin of any
significance in Western Rajasthan.
• The Luni or the Salt River is
named so because its water is
salty below Balotra (Barmer).
• Lavanavari or Lavanavati
•Originates – Naag Pahaad on western slopes of the Aravalli
ranges, in Pushkar Valley (Ajmer) - Sagarmati
•Flow - South West direction around 511 km in Rajasthan
•Finally flow into the Rann of Kutch (it gets lost in the
marshes). Parcham Classes 16
East Flowing Peninsular Rivers
• Major peninsular rivers
flow from west
to east due to the
gradient of land.
• These rivers drain into Bay
of Bengal
• Carry greater amount of
sediments and therefore
form Delta on the east
coast.
• These rivers have a
developed and large
tributary System Parcham Classes 17
Major East-Flowing Rivers
• Mahanadi River
• Godavari River
• Krishna River
• Kaveri (Cauvery) River
Other Important Rivers:
• Subarnarekha River
• Brahmani River
• Pennar River
• Vaigai River
Parcham Classes 18
Mahanadi River
• Source – Sihawa
Mountains in
Chhattisgarh
• Total length – 851 Km
• Flow – Chhattisgarh &
Odisha
Upper Course:
Flows in a northerly
CHATTISGARH – ODISHA – BAY OF BENGAL
direction
Drains the Raipur
district Parcham Classes 19
Middle Course:
• After being joined by
the Seonath, the river
flows in an easterly
direction
Parcham Classes 25
Important Right Bank Tributaries:
1. Darna
2. Pravara
3. Manjira, Manjra
4. Manyar/ Manair
Parcham Classes 26
Krishna River
• 2nd largest East flowing Peninsular
river
• Length – 1401 Km
• Source - Near Mahabaleshwar, Jor
village (Sahayadri), Maharashtra
• Flows - It flows through the state
of Karnataka before
entering Telangana State.
• Drains – into Bay of
Bengal at Hamasaladeevi (near
Koduru) in Andhra Pradesh.
• The delta of this river is one of
the most fertile regions in India
• Vijaywada (A.P.) – largest city on
Krishna Parcham Classes 27
Tributaries
Parcham Classes 28
Parcham Classes 29
Cauvery/Kaveri river
• Source - Talakaveri on
the Brahmagiri range in
Western Ghats, Kodagu
district of Karnataka
• Flows – through
Karnataka and Tamil
Nadu.
• Drains in to Bay of
Bengal at Poompuhar,
Tamil Nadu
• River Basin – Tamil
Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala,
Puducherry Parcham Classes 30
• Shivanasamudra Falls (Karnataka)- Asia's
first hydroelectric plant (built in 1902) was on
the left falls and supplied power to the city
of Bangalore
Parcham Classes 31
• Kaveri carries water throughout the year with
comparatively less fluctuation than other Peninsular
rivers.
Parcham Classes 32
Kaveri River Water Dispute
• The sharing of waters of Kaveri River has been the source of a
serious conflict between Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
Parcham Classes 35
Brahmani River
• Source - Near Rourkela, Odisha
• Major seasonal river in the Odisha
• Drains into the Bay of Bengal at
Dhamra.
Parcham Classes 36
Pennar River
• Source - rises in the Nandi
Hills in Karnataka
• Flows - runs north and east ANDHRA PRADESH
through the states of
Karnataka and Andhra
Pradesh
• Drains into Bay of Bengal KARNATAKA
Parcham Classes 37
Vaigai River
• Source – Varusanadu Hills,
Tamil Nadu
• The Vattaparai Falls are
located on this river.
• Madurai is the largest city
that lies on Vaigai.
Parcham Classes 39