PHYSICAL SELF

To keep body in good health is a duty… Otherwise we shall not be able to keep
our mind strong and clear – Buddha

The physical changes that Generally, girls are more dissatisfied than boys
occur at the start of adolescence with their physical appearance and body image.
result largely from the secretion of
Self-consciousness and dissatisfaction with their
various hormones which virtually
appearance reach their peak between ages 13 and 15.
affects every aspect of an
adolescent’s life, particularly the
way they view themselves. WHAT IS PHYSICAL SELF?

- Refers to the body.

- The body’s ability to perform its function gradually
changes through an individual’s aging
- Adolescence begin with the onset of puberty. This stage
is characterized by rapid physical changes that include
the maturation of the reproductive system.

WHAT ARE THE TWO FACTORS

AFFECTING PHYSICAL GROWTH
AND DEVELOPMENT?

- Heredity; and Environment

- Environment
- Refers to the factors an individual is exposed to
Heredity throughout life which includes learning and
experiences.
- Biological process of inheritance
of traits from parents to
Environmental factors:
offspring.
Diet, nutrition, and disease play an important role in an
individual physical development.
WHAT IS CHROMOSOME? 1. Theory of Physiognomy
- Person’ physical characteristics
such as facial features and
expressions and body
structures could be related to a
person’s character or
personality.
- According to ancient Chinese
practice of face reading, the
face is a three-dimensional
reflection of “who we are and
- Are threadlike tissue that carries genes, and are usually
how life has affected us.”
found in pairs.
- This practice is rooted in the
- 23 pairs of chromosomes which are classifies as
Five Element Theory which
autosomes or trait chromosomes (22 pairs) and
makes use of the elements of
genosomes or sex chromosomes.
water, wood, fire, earth and
metal.
The sex of the offspring depends on the pairing of the sex - Face readers observe how
chromosomes (23rd ) from the father and mother. facial features and markings
correspond to a person’s
Genes mental, emotional and physical
- are the basic carrier of hereditary traits and are makeup.
classified as dominant (strong genes) and recessive
(weak genes). Edge detection algorithm

- An image processing technique

for finding the boundaries of
objects within the images. The
process of this technique is to
detect the discontinuities in
brightness of an image. Different
types of edge detectors can be
used in this process.

THEORIES OF PHYSICAL SELF

1. Theory of physiognomy
2. Theory of the four humors (Theory based on the
prominence of the body fluids) – Hippocrates
3. Body-type theory - William Sheldon
2. Theory of the Four Humors (Theory based on the prominence of the body fluids)

2.1 Hippocrates Theory – suggest that an excess of or deficiency in any of the four bodily fluids (or
humors) in person influences their personality, temperament, and well-being. They are:

a. Sanguine type b. Melancholic c. Choleric d. Phlegmatic

3. Body-type Theory

- William Sheldon developed a body-type theory based on physical characteristics. The three body
types are:

a. Endomorphic b. Mesomorphic c. Ectomorphic

 WHAT IS BODY IMAGE?
- Refers to how
individuals perceive,
think and feel about
their body and
physical appearance.

WHAT IS
APPEARANCE?

- Refers to everything
about a person that
others can observe
such as height,
weight, skin color,
clothes and hairstyle.
- Through appearances,
an individual is able to
- Hener also suggest that people with full and thick eyebrows – tend
show others the kind
to be confident, assertive and goal oriented.
of person he or she is
- Persons with large or highly-defined jaws have strong values and
(DeLamater & Myers,
firm beliefs.
2012)
- An earlier study by Squier and Mew (1981), suggests that persons
with long and angular-shaped faces tend to be more responsive,
assertive and genuine than persons with short and square-shaped
faces who tend to be more restrained, conforming and shrew.

HOW BODY IMAGE CAN AFFECT THE PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL BEING OF
ADOLESCENTS?

Body image – is related to self-esteem which is the person’s overall evaluation of his or her own
worth

- Adolescents worry about different parts of their bodies.

- Girls are more concerned than boys about their physical appearance and overall body image.
- The greatest concern that girls expresses about their bodies is how they conform to idealized
notion of beauty.
- Adolescents react to their physical appearance depends on sociocultural factors. The
emphasis that peers, parents or the media put on ideal body types which is slim or thin leads
girls to experience body dissatisfaction (Grabe, Ward, & Hyde, 2008); Dunkley, & Paxton,
2001).
- For boys and girls, bullying and peer pressure are the associated with greater body
dissatisfaction (Webb & Zimmer- Gembreck, 2014).
-
 - Commercial and advertisement shows that the ideal woman should be thin and as a result,
they try to change their physical appearance either through cosmetic surgery, dieting, or
excessive exercise.
- For girls, too much concern with thinness and ideal body shape may result in body
dissatisfaction.
- Girls who have higher body dissatisfaction are likely to experience depression, low self-esteem,
and eating disorders (Demello, 2014).
- For example, anorexia is an eating disorder in which the person refuses to eat for fear of
gaining weight which an result in severe starvation and death.
- It mostly afflicts females between the ages of 12 and 40, although men may also develop.
- Another disorder is bulimia nervosa on which the person induces purging after bringing on
large quantities of food (Feldman, 2010).

“Beauty is the gift of God” -Thomas Aquinas

WHY BEAUTY IS IMPORTANT?

- Beauty is important because society has put so much emphasis on it being admired and
enough trait.
- Physical appearance does matter in a relationship. Those women who take care of physical
appearance have better rapport with their partner. It boosts self-confidence and self-esteem.
- Generally, humans who have clean and unblemished skin, thick shinny hair, well-proportioned
bodies, and symmetrical faces are traditionally considered the most beautiful.
- Beauty has always been considered important throughout history because these features
indicate youth, health, good genes, and fertility (Demello, 2014).
- People tend to be influenced by the beautiful faces and bodied they see media
(advertisements, magazines, and television) in the way they determine what is beautiful and
what is not.
- In reality, however, is that beauty standards presented in media are so unrealistic, that even the
most beautiful and handsome supermodels cannot achieve it.

- Some people desperately change their physical appearance through body modification like
tattooing, piercing and cosmetic surgery.

- Cosmetic surgery like: breast enhancement, nose lift, liposuction and botox.

- Body modification involve health risks and some women have died from complications of skin
whitening treatments, diet pills, and cosmetic surgery.

- Infection, allergies, and other complications can result from the use of unclean and poor quality
treatment.

- Admittedly, attractive people have a lot of advantages in life. People who are perceived to be
attractive are favored such as job, getting promotions, and having high income.

- Also, some people tend to view attractive people as happier, smarter, and better people.

- Generally, unattractive people are less liked and assisted (Demello, 2014).

- Different cultures have different definitions and perceptions of beauty.

- People often say that beauty is in the eye of the beholder.

- The fact that a number of Filipinas have won international beauty contests shows that Filipinas
are among the women who are perceived to be most beautiful in the world.
 SEXUAL SELF
DEVELOPMENT OF SEX CHARACTERISTICS AND
THE HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
- The reproductive system or genital system is a
system of sex organs within an organism which
work together for the purpose of sexual
reproduction.
- The beginning of adolescence is marked by
rapid physical changes, including maturation of
the reproductive system and the development
of primary and secondary characteristics.
WHAT IS SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS?
Sexual Characteristics are physical or behavioral
traits of an organism which are indicative of its
biological sex.
1. Primary sex characteristics
Are physical characteristics present at birth
This are characteristics that distinguish
male from female
Ex.
Female – vagina, uterus and ovaries
Male – penis, testes or testicles, scrotum
and prostate gland
- Primary sex characteristics develop as the
embryo grows in the womb as a result of
the chromosomes contained within the
embryonic cells as well as the hormonal
influences.
- At about 5 weeks of pregnancy, two
organs, called the gonads, from in the
embryo. In men, the gonads release
testosterone that causes the male’s sex
organs to develop.
- During puberty, testosterone and other
androgens stimulate the development of
the primary and secondary sex
characteristics and also increase one’s sex
drive.
- In women, the ovaries produce estrogen
and progesterone as well as small amount
of testosterone. Estrogen promotes
female reproductive capacity and
secondary sex characteristics.
- Progesterone stimulates growth of the
female reproductive organs and prepares
WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF SEXUAL
the uterus for pregnancy.
CHARACTERISTICS?
- Unlike men, however, female sex
1. Primary
hormones sex characteristics
are not produced consistently.
Their reproduction characteristics
2. Secondary sex follows a cyclical
pattern, on an approximately 28-day
monthly cycle.
 monthly cycle.

- The greatest reproduction occurs during the ovulation period, when an egg is released from the
ovaries. Ovulation period can occur 14days after the beginning of the menstrual period.

2. Secondary sex characteristics

Develop during the onset of puberty.

- Onset of menstruation varied among countries but usually occurs at around 10 to 12 years of
age. - Testicular growth, sperm production, appearance of facial, pubic, and other body hair and
deepening of voice are some of the first signs of puberty in men.

- The reproductive system is a system of sex organs designed for reproduction and sexual
function.

The uterus is a hallow organ

where the fertilized embryo
grows to become a fetus.
The fallopian tubes
carry the fertilized
egg from the ovary
The two ovaries produce, to the uterus.
store, and release the egg cell
during ovulation.

- The lower part of the uterus The vagina is a muscular

is called cervix a passageway tube that serves as the
between the uterus and the receptacle for the penis
vagina that expands during and carrier of the sperm
childbirth. to the uterus. It is also
the birth canal where
The female reproductive system is composed of clitoris, the vagina, the uterus, the fetus passes out of a
the fallopian tubes and the two ovaries mother’s body.

- The clitoris which is made up of erectile tissue swells with blood and hardens
when a women is sexually aroused.
 The prostrate gland
and seminal vesicles
The vas deferens produce semen and
transports the sperm- nourish the sperm
containing fluid called cells. Ejaculation is the
semen. release of sperm cells
from the penis. Each
- The penis is the organ ejaculation
through which male approximately
urinate and deliver the contains 300 to 500
sperm into the vagina million sperm cells.
during sexual intercourse. Sperm cells can live
It is made up of sensitive up to 48 hours inside
tissues and nerve endings. The epididymis the uterus.
The testes or - On the other hand,
Before reaching the penis, is a set of coiled
testicles located in a the male reproductive
sperm cells travel through ducts connected
loose pouch like sac system includes penis,
the prostrate gland and to the vas
of skin called the the testes, the
seminal vesicles. deferens where
scrotum are scrotum, the prostate
responsible for the sperm cells are gland, the seminal
production of sperm stored. vesicles, the vas
cells and male deferens and the
hormones. epididymis.

WHAT IS EROGENOUS ZONE? not contained by the availability of a partner.

GIVE EXAMPLE - Other sexual activities such as intimate kissing,
cuddling, necking, petting, or touching the the
- Erogenous zones are areas of the body
erogenous zones may be uniquely important to sexual
which are highly sensitive and produce
arousal.
sexual responses when stimulated.
-Many believed that compared with women, men think
These include the genitals, mouth
about sex more often because they report more
breasts, ears, anus, and to a lesser
frequent sex fantasies and more frequent feelings of
degrees, the entire surface of the body.
sexual desire.

- Nevertheless, women tend to place more emphasis

WHAT ARE THE MOST BASIC FORMS OF
on emotional closeness with a lover than men do.
SEXUAL STIMULATION?
Overall, women and men have potential for sexual
- Masturbation or self- stimulation - is
arousal and women are no less physically responsive
one of the most basic forms of sexual
than men.
stimulation. It involves the rubbing or
fondling of genital areas and provides a
good index of sexual desire because it is
WHAT INFLUENCE THE EXPRESSION OF SEXUAL DESIRE? WHAT IS SEXUAL ORIENTATION?

1. Culture - masturbation and pre-marital sex are
discouraged in some culture; expression of sexual desire
& engaging in pre-marital sex are taboo for women.
2. Norms - continue to shape sexual activity along
socially acceptable behavior.
Sexual Orientation - a person’s sexual
identity in relation to the gender to
which they are attracted; the fact of
being heterosexual, homosexual, or
bisexual.

3. Sexual scripts - stereotyped patterns of expectations

on how people should behave sexually. - Heterosexual - sexually attracted to
people of the opposite sex
A 2014 Pew study on global morality found that - Homosexual - one who is sexually
premarital sex was considered particularly unacceptable attracted to the same sex.
in “predominantly Muslim nations”, such as Malaysia, Homosexual males (gays); homosexual
Indonesia, Jordan, Pakistan, and Egypt, each having over females (lesbians)
90% disapproval, while people in western European
countries were the most accepting, with Spain, - Bisexual - is an orientation where on
Germany, and France expressing less than 10% is attracted to both opposite and
disapproval. same sex.

- William Masters and Virginia Johnson found that the

biological responses of males and females to sexual
stimulation are quite similar.

- They use the term sexual- response cycle to describe

the changes that occur in the body as men and women
become sexually aroused.

1. The excitement phase - the beginning of sexual

arouse.

2. The plateau phase - the changes in the body continue.

3. The orgasmic phase - intense orgasm during sexual

intercourse.

ATTRACTION, LOVE AND ATTACHMENT

- Attraction - is a feeling of someone and often of being

sexually interested in them.

- Love - an intense feeling of deep affection.

- Attachment - an affectionate relationship between two

people
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STIs) AND EARLY PREGNANCY

- Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections you can get by having sex with someone who
has an infection.
- The infections are usually passed from person to person through vaginal intercourse. They can also
passed through anal sex, oral sex, or skin-to-skin contact.
- STIs commonly include:
1. Human Immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)
2. Gonorrhea
3. Syphilis
4. Chlamydia
5. Genital herpes
6. Genital warts

1. HIV/AIDS
- Infections are caused by direct contact with body fluids such
as through blood transfusion, breast feeding, and sexual
intercourse.
- It attacks the immune system and the infected person
eventually dies.
2. Gonorrhea

- is caused by gonococcal bacteria which attack the lining of the

mucous membrane such as the mouth, throat, vagina and urethra

- can be treated by penicillin or other antibiotics.

3. Syphilis

- infects the genital areas and other parts of the body including
the brain and can cause paralysis or even death when left
untreated.

4. Chlamydia

- is caused by the bacterium chlamydia trachomatis. In men,

chlamydia can cause swollen testicles and a burning sensation
during urination. It can result in sterility among women if left
untreated because it damages the uterus, the ovaries and
fallopian tubes.

5. Genital herpes

- can cause itching and tingling sensations, abscesses and blisters

in the genital area. There is no cure for herpes.

6. Genital warts

- are caused by the human papillomavirus and women with

human papillomavirus are prone to cervical cancer. Through the
warts can be removed, they may recur.
- Anyone who is sexually active is at risk of highest adolescent birth rates among the
STIs and STDs and should practice safe sex. ASEAN Member States, (United Nations
However, it is important to remember that Populations Fund, 2020).
not having sex can be safest sex method to
avoid all forms of STIs and STDs as well as
METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION AND
other problems such as early pregnancy.
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LAW

-- Over
The the years, sexual activities
consequence of highhaveteenage
become
restricted. Premarital sex is now accepted.
pregnancy in the Philippines remain in a
- Alarmed by the rising cases among Filipinos,
major concern.
- some government
Early pregnancy officials
creates healthare calling
risks amongfor
stronger programs of sex education
young mothers and their babies since that
include
female information
reproductiveabout the different
organs are not forms
yet
of contraception.
mature during adolescence and
- Contraception
complications may– refers
arisetoduring
methods that are
pregnancy
used to prevent pregnancy. One of the most
and childbirth.
common method of contraception is the use
of condoms which can also prevent some STIs.
- Other common methods:
1. Intrauterine device or IUD
- A tiny device made of flexible plastic
that is inserted in the uterus to prevent
pregnancy.
2. Birth control injectibles
- Given every three months to women.
3. Oral contraceptive pills
- Which are taken everyday.
4. Withdrawal method

The teenage pregnancy rate in the Philippines

was 10% in 2008, down to 9% in 2017. Live
births by teenage mothers (aged 10-19) in
2016 totalled 203,085, which slightly
decreased to 196,478 in 2017 and 183,000 in
2018. Still, the Philippines has one of the
- Studies show that contraceptive use is low
particularly among sexually active
adolescents.
- Thus, the Responsible Parenthood and
Reproductive Health Act of 2012, also known
as Reproductive Health Law or RH Law,
guarantees universal access to methods of
contraception, fertility control, sexual
education, and maternal care.
- RH LAW provide “prevention and treatment
of HIV/AIDS and other STIs/STDs”. It also keep
well informed about the available family
planning methods that they can freely use
depending on their needs and beliefs. It aims
to promote awareness among adolescents
and youth on sexuality and reproductive
health through proper sex education.
 MATERIAL SELF
I believe that a simple and unassuming manner of life is the best for everyone, best both for the
body and the mind, (Albert Einstein)
MATERIAL SELF
- According to William James (1980, p.291), the
self is everything that an individual considers
to be his or hers, not only his or her body and
material possessions but also his or her
reputation and belief.
- The self, therefore, is composed of the
material self which is the manifestation of
one’s identity through his material
possessions.
MATERIAL SELF
- Your concept of self as reflected in the things
you own.
COMPONENTS OF MATERIAL SELF
1. Body
- One of tasks of adolescents is to accept
and appreciate the physical
characteristics of their body. However,
few adolescents are able to do this
successfully.
- Adolescents especially girls are tend to
worry about their bodies and physical
appearance.
- Perceptions about what makes a body
beautiful was influenced by the media.
2. Your possessions (clothes, house, car,
pets)
- clothes represent the self. The style and
brand of clothes become significant
symbols, particularly among adolescents.
- The clothes they tend to wear are greatly
influenced by their peer groups because
adolescents are anxious to conform to
what their peer groups find fashionable
and attractive.
3. People an individual has relationships
(family, close friends).
- Such as one’s immediate and extended
family members as well as close friends
with whom one feels psychologically
connected.
It is our psychological ownership of these
materials which constitute the material self.
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF MATERIAL
POSSESSIONS ON THE SENSE OF SELF AND
IDENTITY?
- Regardless of how much or how little
material possessions people have, it
remain valuable because these
possessions are symbolic of one’s social
status.
- Russell Belk (1988) in his work Are We
What We Own? Suggests that material
possessions act as an objective
manifestation of the self.
- Material possessions can be a reflection
of hard work and success.
- Normally, people tend to measure
success through the amount of their
material possessions.
- Owning material possessions become a
driving force in urging an individual to
seek high level of achievement in order to
be able to acquire more possessions.
- Defining the self by material possessions
can also contribute to a feeling of well-
being, including a sense of personal
growth and purpose or meaning of life.
- However, the lack or loss of material
possessions can be disruptive to one’s
mental health, like people losing their the importance of material possessions such as
houses and other possessions because of branded clothes, mobile phones, cars and the
disaster and calamities. like.

Conyo – the Philippine language that defined
social class.
- People tend to judge others through
material possessions.
- The greater the material possessions, the
more likely one will be accepted and
regarded well by other people.
- The component of material self become a
significance reference of one’s sense of self
and identity.
WHAT ARE THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF THE
DESIRE FOR THE MATERIAL POSSESSIONS
ON ONE’S SENSEOF SELF AND IDENTITY?
- It could lead to psychological dysfunction
or impairment in functioning such as
compulsive buying disorder (CBD) which is
characterized by an obsession with
shopping and buying behaviors that can
cause adverse consequences (e.g., debts).
Materialism – refers to giving more
importance to material possessions than
intangible values.
- Lack or loss of these material possessions
could lead to anxiety, insecurity and
depression in people who are overly
materialistic.
- Thus, when a person is about to make a
purchase, he or she should ask himself or
herself a very important question: DO I
REALLY NEED THIS?
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE? CONSUMER
CULTURE, CONSUMERIST SOCIETY,
CONSUMERISM
Consumer culture – is a social system in which
consumption is dominated by the consumption
of commercial products (Arnould, 2010).
A consumerist society is one in which people
spend a great deal of time, money, and energy
to “consume” commercial products, goods and
services.
Consumerism – is the consumption of material
goods and services in excess of one’s basic
needs. Consumerism is closely tied to
materialism.

- A materialistic person is one who is

excessively concerned with acquisition of
material possessions.
- Developmental evidence suggests that
identification with material things begins
quite early in life but remain high
throughout life as people seek for
happiness (Blek, 1988).
- Psychologists identify other social and
cultural factors that seem to be strongly
implicated in etiology of materialism.
- People are exposed to images in television,
the internet, and magazines that brag
about
 SPIRITUAL SELF
"We are not human beings on a spiritual journey. We are spiritual beings on a human journey."
- Stephen R. Covey

WHAT IS SPIRTUAL SELF?

- The spiritual aspect of the self is the inner

essence, the part of the self that connects
the person to the sacred, the supernatural,
and the universe.
- The spiritual self enables the person to
experience a feeling of oneness with a
higher being and the universe and gives a
deeper purpose or meaning of one's life.
- The spiritual self develops through
interaction, observation, and imitation.
- The family, the school, and church play a
very important role in child's spiritual
development.
- Spirituality begins at an early age but
develops throughout life as people
continuously interact in the environment. - The term "spirituality" originally
- The root meaning of spirituality is taken developed in early Christianity.
from the Latin word spiritus, meaning - Christians use the term "Spirit" to
breath or life force. describe the Holy Spirit.
- Spirituality can be understood as the - Worship is regarded as an essential act
to realize the ultimate meaning of
search for the sacred, a process through
transcendence and human life.
which people seek to discover, hold on
- Acts of worship may include prayer,
to, when necessary, transform whatever
reading the Bible, attending sacraments,
they hold sacred in their lives (Hill &
and doing sacrifices.
Pargament, 2003).
- In addition, through acts of faith, hope,
- Spirituality generally refers to meaning
and love, man is able to encounter God
and purpose in one's life, search for and understand God's words of
wholeness, and a relationship with the salvation.
transcendent being (Hage, Hopson, - Spirituality is connected with religion.
Siegel, Payton, & DeFanti, 2006). The
WHAT IS RELIGION?
sacred transcendence could refer to a
higher being. Religion - is an organized system
of ideas about the spiritual sphere
or the supernatural along with
associated ceremonial practices by
which people try to interpret and/or
influence aspects of the universe
influence aspects of the universe otherwise beyond their control.
-Through the practice of religious activities such as prayers, people may find
comfort, security, and stability in times of sufferings, loss, insecurities and
uncertainties.
- Spirituality and religion may be a source of love, hope and affection (Brown &
Parrish, 2011).

SEARCH FOR THE MEANING OF

LIFE
- In his book Man's Search for
Meaning, Viktor Frankl begins by
sharing his personal experiences in the
Nazi concentration camp. - He explains
how a prisoner passes through three
major phases in the concentration
camp, and how each phase
transformed the prisoners from their
previous lives to a new one and how
they developed various pathologies.

Adolf Hitler was the leader of Nazi Germany. His fascist agenda led to World War II and
the deaths of at least 11 million people, including some six million Jews.

Adolf Hitler was chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 Hitler's fascist policies
precipitated World War II and led to the genocide known as the Holocaust, which resulted in the
deaths of some six million Jews and another five million noncombatants.

The death of Adolf Hitler is one of the unsolved mysteries of the twentieth century...
about the alleged cause of death-cyanide poisoning, gunshot injury, or both. Suicide.
 Frankl's personal experiences in the Nazi
concentration camps during WW II led him to develop
the basic tenets of logotherapy, which were tested and
found valid amid all the dark forces in human existence.

Frankl embraced both the bright and the dark

sides of human existence and believed that inevitable
human suffering could contribute to human achievement
and the search of meaning in life.

WHAT IS LOGOTHERAPY?

Logotherapy - is the pursuit of human existence as well

as on man's search for such a meaning.
SPIRITUALITY IS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH
ANIMISM
WHAT IS ANIMISM?

In the Philippines, indigenous peoples are

known to practice animism.

- Some groups, for example, believe that the

spirits of the sun, sky, and the moon are their
gods and that different deities exist to protect
them and guide them toward a fruitful life.

- Others believes that spirit inhabit animals

and nature such as trees, rocks, mountains,
and bodies of water, among others, and that
respect must be given to them through acts of
worship (e.g., offerings, prayer, sacrifices) to
please or appease them.