286
Subject Index
Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS),
84
Commitment, 70, 127–129
Communication outside of therapy, 74–75
Communication skills, 135, 223–224
Compensatory strategies, 27f, 45
Concept maps, 173–175, 174f
Conditional beliefs and assumptions, 43, 170. See
also Beliefs
Confidentiality, 62–63, 221
Conflict, 6, 135
Consequences of addictive thoughts and behavior,
5, 22f
advantages–disadvantages analysis (ADA) and,
116–119, 117f
contingency management (CM) and, 131–132
functional analysis and, 105–110, 105f, 109f
goal setting and, 151–152
group CBT for addiction and, 229–233, 229t
psychoeducation regarding, 167–175, 168f,
169f, 172f, 174f
therapeutic relationships and, 62–63
working with modes and, 212
See also ABC model; Addiction-related
thoughts and beliefs; Addictive behavior;
Behaviors; Thoughts
Contemplation stage of change, 31–32, 33, 46–47.
See also Change processes
Contingency management (CM), 8, 131–132
Controlled breathing technique, 115, 129–131,
265
Control-related thoughts and beliefs, 29, 188, 259
Coping strategies
case conceptualization and, 45
delay and distract (D&D) techniques and,
114–116
development of addictive behavior and, 27f
living a balanced life and, 136–137
Core beliefs, 16–17, 16t, 42–43
case conceptualization and, 41–44
hierarchy of values (HoV) technique and, 119
therapeutic relationships and, 69–70
values, 19, 137
See also Beliefs; Schemas
Cravings
anticipating roadblocks to change and,
202–204
behavioral approaches to relapse prevention
and, 265–266
CBT model and, 26f
craving scenario, 171–173, 172f
delay and distract (D&D) techniques and,
114–116
living a balanced life and, 136–137
psychoeducation and, 171–173, 172f
relaxation training and, 129–130
thoughts and beliefs regarding, 24, 103–104
See also Triggers
Crisis calls, 74–75
Cultural factors, 37–40
Daily activity schedule (DAS), 120–121,
122f–123f, 140–142, 239
Decision making, 86–87, 108, 109f, 190
Decision or choice points, 108, 110
Decisional balance technique, 21
Delay and distract (D&D) techniques, 30, 104,
114–116
Delay discounting, 21
Delayed gratification, 21
Depression
addiction and, 17, 17f
behavioral activation and, 121, 124
case conceptualization and, 37
development of addictive behavior and, 27f
dual treatment and, 103
genetic factors and, 26–27
mindfulness and meditation training, 130–131
overlearned cognitive and behavioral patterns
(habits) and, 181–182
See also Mental health problems
Despair, 53
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-5), 1, 6–7, 161–164
Discovery, guided. See Guided discovery
Disease model, 52, 164
Distal antecedents in the case conceptualization,
36, 38–40, 49–50. See also Case
conceptualization
Dual diagnosis and treatment, 103
Early experiences
building trust in therapeutic relationships and,
69
case conceptualization and, 40
development of addictive behavior and, 27f, 28
mistrust schema and, 70
psychoeducation and, 173–175, 174f
Emotions
automatic thought records (ATR) and,
125–127, 126f, 143–144
case conceptualization and, 44–45
 Subject Index 287
CBT model and, 22f, 24
checking the mood in-session, 83–84, 93
development of addictive behavior and, 27f
emotion regulation skills, 24, 232
guided discovery and, 98–105
Empathy
beliefs about “resistance,” 73
building trust in therapeutic relationships and,
69
power struggles and, 78
pressure to enter therapy and, 54–63
Ending a session, 92
Environmental factors, 27–28, 27f, 37–40
Exclusion criteria, 219–221
Excuses. See Permissive thoughts and beliefs
Expectancies, outcome, 20–21
case conceptualization and, 41–44
formulating realistic goals and, 148–151
therapist attitudes regarding therapy goals and,
147–148
Exposure techniques, 27f, 200–201
External triggers, 41, 105–106
behavioral approaches to relapse prevention
and, 265–266
CBT model and, 26f
identifying and managing, 259–262
See also Triggers
Family factors, 26–27, 27f, 28, 38–40, 173–175,
174f
Fear, 53, 65
Feedback during therapy sessions, 91–92, 93
group CBT for addiction and, 221, 233–234
process of psychoeducation and, 179–180
See also Patient feedback
Feelings
case conceptualization and, 44–45
CBT model and, 24
guided discovery and, 98–105
identifying, 175
linking with thoughts and behaviors, 98–105
power struggles and, 78–79
working with modes and, 212–216
See also Emotions
Follow-up, 92
Forms
Addiction-Related and Self-Control Thoughts
and Beliefs (Form 2.1), 17, 34, 186,
264–265, 265t
Advantages–Disadvantages Analysis (Form
7.1), 117, 139, 201, 202, 239–241, 240f
Automatic Thoughts Record (Form 7.3), 10,
125–127, 126f, 143–144, 201
CBT Addiction Group Tracking Sheet (Form
12.1), 226f, 229, 246
Daily Activity Schedule (Form 7.2), 85,
120–121, 122f–123f, 140–142
Frequency of addictive behaviors
case conceptualization and, 37
guided discovery and, 86
psychoeducation and, 164–167
Frustration, 53, 147–148, 151
Functional analysis, 10, 19, 24, 25f, 105–110, 105f,
109f, 254–259, 257f
Gambling problems, 3–4, 48–52
General Anxiety Inventory (GAD-7), 84
Genetic factors, 26–27, 27f, 28, 38–40
Goal setting, 145–146, 158–159
avoiding therapy drift and, 148–151
case conceptualization and, 36, 46–47
collaboration and, 9–10
goal achievement, 9–10, 77–78
goals of CBT for addictions and, 13
group CBT for addiction and, 236–238
harm-reduction goals, 146–147
power struggles and, 77–78
realistic goals, 148–151
strategies for, 151–158
therapist attitudes regarding, 147–148
Gratification, delayed, 21
Group CBT for addiction, 217–218, 245
choosing topics and techniques for, 238–241,
240f
forms for, 246
goal setting and, 236–238
group processes and problems, 241–245
guidelines and structure of, 221–236, 226f,
229f
organizing and enrolling new patients,
218–221
See also Cognitive-behavioral therapy addiction
groups (CBTAGs)
Guided discovery, 86–88, 93, 94–95, 110–111
helping patients to change thoughts and beliefs
and, 196–197, 199–200
for linking thoughts, feelings, and behaviors,
98–105
motivational interviewing (MI) and, 95–98
relapse prevention and harm reduction and,
263–265, 265t
Guilt, 53, 56–57
288 Subject Index

Habits, 1, 23, 56, 181–182, 205 harm reduction and, 250–251

Harm reduction, 248–249, 271 therapeutic relationships and, 65, 68
from a CBT perspective, 249–251
functional analysis and, 254–259, 257f Labels, 63–64, 175
goals of CBT for addictions and, 13 Language, 63–64, 72–73
orienting patients to, 251–254 Lapse, 248–249
psychoeducation and, 164–167 CBT model and, 24, 26f
termination and booster sessions and, 270–271 course of addictive behavior and, 31
as a therapy goal, 146–147 goal setting and, 151
See also Relapse prevention permissive beliefs and, 21–22
Helplessness, 17, 53 preventing from becoming a relapse, 266–267
Hierarchy of values (HoV) technique, 119, 137 therapist attitudes regarding therapy goals and,
Homework between sessions, 93, 137–138 147–148
assigning, 90–91 See also Relapse; Relapse prevention
bridging from prior sessions and, 85 Learning, over, 181–182, 189
helping patients to change thoughts and beliefs Legal concerns, 37–38, 62–63, 69
and, 204 Listening skills, 179–180
permission-giving thoughts and beliefs and, Loneliness, 267–270
104–105
Honesty, 62–63, 68–69, 73 Maintenance stage of change, 31, 32, 33, 46–47.
Hopelessness, 17, 151 See also Change processes
Maladaptive mode of functioning, 207, 212–216
Imaginal exposure, 27f, 200–201 Mandated reporting, 62–63
Immediate/instant gratification, 21 Medication-assisted treatment (MAT), 13
Implications for treatment in the case conceptualiza­ Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD),
tion, 36, 48, 51. See also Case conceptualization 13
Impulse control, 114–116, 232 Mental health problems, 17, 17f
Inclusion criteria, 219–221 case conceptualization and, 37
Inflexibility, 181–182 dual treatment and, 103
Integration of the data in the case genetic factors and, 26–27
conceptualization, 36, 47, 51. See also Case group therapy and, 217
conceptualization mistrust schema and, 70
Intensity of problems, 86 overlearned cognitive and behavioral patterns
Internal triggers, 41, 105–106 (habits) and, 181–182
behavioral approaches to relapse prevention See also Anxiety; Depression
and, 265–266 Mindfulness and meditation training, 8, 11,
CBT model and, 26f 130–131, 233
identifying and managing, 259–262 Mistrust, 68, 69–70. See also Trust
See also Triggers Modes, 206–216
Interpersonal group therapy model, 218 Monitoring activities, 120–121, 122f–123f,
Interpersonal processes 140–142, 239
conflict and, 6, 135 Moods
interpersonal skills, 232 case conceptualization and, 44–45
social support approaches to relapse prevention CBT model and, 24
and, 267–270 checking the mood in-session, 83–84, 93
Intrapersonal conflict, 6, 135 mood modification, 6
Introductory CBT sessions, 64–68, 222–223 See also Emotions
Motivation to change, 58–59, 136–137. See also
Judgment Change processes
beliefs about “resistance,” 72–73 Motivational interviewing (MI), 11, 95–98
building trust in therapeutic relationships and, Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity
70–71 scale (MITI), 11–12
 Subject Index 289
Mutual-help groups, 217, 267–268
psychoeducation and, 166–167
social support approaches to relapse prevention
and, 267–270
See also Group CBT for addiction; SMART
Recovery mutual-help program
Narcotics Anonymous (NA), 166–167
Negative beliefs, 16–17, 16t. See also Beliefs
Neurobiological factors, 38–40
Opioid use disorder (OUD), 37
Outcome expectancies, 20–21
anticipatory thoughts and beliefs, 20, 26f, 187
case conceptualization and, 41–44
formulating realistic goals and, 148–151
therapist attitudes regarding therapy goals and,
147–148
Overlearning, 181–182, 189
Patient feedback
bridging from prior sessions and, 84–85
group CBT for addiction and, 233–234
power struggles and, 78
process of psychoeducation and, 179–180
session structure and, 91–92, 93
See also Feedback during therapy sessions
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), 84
Permissive thoughts and beliefs, 21–22, 104–105,
187, 188
addiction-related thoughts and beliefs and, 24
case conceptualization and, 41–44
CBT model and, 26f
relapse prevention and harm reduction and,
254–259, 257f
Personality disorders, 70, 103
Phone calls outside of sessions, 74–75
Physiological sensations
case conceptualization and, 44–45
group CBT for addiction and, 229–233, 229t
identifying, 175
psychoeducation and, 175
Positive beliefs, 16–17, 16t, 102–103. See also
Beliefs
Power struggles, 77–79, 82
Precontemplation stage of change, 31, 33, 46–47.
See also Change processes
Preparation stage of change, 31, 32, 33, 46–47. See
also Change processes
Primary problems in the case conceptualization,
36, 37, 49. See also Case conceptualization
Priorities, 81, 85–89, 93
Privacy, 62–63, 221
Problem-solving group therapy model, 218
Problem-solving skills, 86–87, 135–136, 233
Proximal antecedents in the case
conceptualization, 36, 40–41, 50. See also
Case conceptualization
Psychoeducation, 9, 10, 88–89, 160, 182–183
group CBT for addiction and, 218, 229–233,
229t
helping patients to change thoughts and beliefs
and, 199–200
process of, 178–182
regarding the CBT model of addictions,
167–175, 168f, 169f, 172f, 174f
regarding the CBT process, 176–177
regarding the science of addiction, 160–164
regarding the science of recovery, 164–167
therapist factors and, 178–182
Psychosocial factors
case conceptualization and, 38–40
development of addictive behavior and, 27–28,
27f
therapeutic relationships and, 54–63
Quantity of addictive behaviors, 37, 164–167
Questions, 66, 91–92. See also Guided discovery
Rationalizations. See Permissive thoughts and
beliefs
Readiness for change, 11
case conceptualization and, 36, 46–47, 51
therapeutic relationships and, 58–59
See also Change processes
Recovery, science of, 164–167
Refusal skills, 232
Relapse, 6, 248
CBT model and, 24, 26f
course of addictive behavior and, 31
goal setting and, 12–13, 151
permissive beliefs and, 21–22
predicting, managing, and understanding,
259–270, 265t
preventing lapses from becoming, 266–267
therapist attitudes regarding therapy goals and,
147–148
See also Lapse; Relapse prevention
Relapse prevention, 248–249, 271
behavioral approaches to, 265–266
from a CBT perspective, 249–251
cognitive approaches to, 262–265, 265t
functional analysis and, 254–259, 257f
identifying and managing triggers, 259–262
290 Subject Index
Relapse prevention (cont.)
mindfulness and meditation training,
130–131
orienting patients to, 251–254
predicting, managing, and understanding
relapses and, 259–270, 265t
preventing lapses from becoming a relapse,
266–267
social support approaches to, 267–270
termination and booster sessions and, 270–271
See also Harm reduction; Relapse
Relationships, 37–38
conflict and, 6, 135
goal setting and, 152
interpersonal skills, 232
social support approaches to relapse prevention
and, 267–270
Relaxation training, 115, 129–131, 265
Reliability, 69, 70
Relief-oriented thoughts and beliefs, 187
Review in sessions, 234–236
Riding out the wave of urges and cravings. See
Urge surfing
Risk factors, 26–29, 27f, 173–175, 174f
Roadblocks to change, 202–204
Role playing, 105, 132–134
Route of administration, 37
Ruptures in therapy, 70–72
Safety concerns, 37–38, 221
Scheduling activities, 120–121, 122f–123f,
140–142, 239
Schemas, 42–43
case conceptualization and, 41–44
development of addictive behavior and, 27f
therapeutic relationships and, 69–70
working with modes and, 212–216
See also Basic beliefs
Screening, 84, 219–221
Self-control thoughts and beliefs, 18, 18t,
185–188, 187t
forms for, 34, 264–265, 265t
relapse prevention and harm reduction and,
263–265, 265t
See also Beliefs; Thoughts
Self-discovery, 87–88
Self-efficacy, 19–20, 41–44
Self-Management and Recovery Training
(SMART Recovery). See SMART Recovery
mutual-help program
Self-medicating processes, 17, 27, 103
Session structure, 80–81, 92–93
assigning homework, 81, 90–91, 93
bridging from prior sessions, 80, 84–85, 93
checking the mood, 80, 83–84, 93
closing and planning for follow-up, 81, 92
exchanging feedback, 81, 91–92, 93
goal setting and, 145
group CBT for addiction and, 221–236, 226f,
229f
prioritizing and addressing agenda items, 81,
85–89, 93
providing capsule summaries, 81, 89–90, 93
setting the agenda, 80, 81–83, 92
Setbacks. See Lapse; Relapse
Setting goals. See Goal setting
Shame, 53, 56–57, 65, 68
Slips. See Lapse; Relapse
SMART Recovery mutual-help program
choosing topics and techniques for, 238
hierarchy of values (HoV) technique and, 119
psychoeducation and, 166–167
social support approaches to relapse prevention
and, 268–270
See also Mutual-help groups
Social determinants of health (SDOH), 37–38
Social support approaches, 267–270
Social/environmental context in the case
conceptualization, 36, 37–38, 49. See also
Case conceptualization
Stages of change model, 11, 31–33, 36, 46–47. See
also Change processes
Standardized techniques, 9, 10, 11, 88–89, 95,
111, 112–113, 134–135, 138
acceptance and commitment focus, 127–129, 233
activity monitoring and scheduling, 120–121,
122f–123f, 140–142
behavioral activation, 8, 121, 124–125, 233
contingency management (CM), 8, 131–132
delay and distract (D&D) techniques, 104,
114–116
hierarchy of values (HoV) technique and, 119,
137
life-enhancing skills, 135–137
mindfulness and meditation training,
130–131, 233
relaxation training, 129–130
role playing, 105, 132–134
stimulus management, 113–114
See also Advantages–disadvantages analysis
(ADA); Automatic thought records (ATR);
Homework between sessions
 Subject Index 291
Stigma, 53
power struggles and, 79
relapse and, 249
therapeutic relationships and, 59–60, 68
Structure, session. See Session structure
Structured techniques. See Standardized
techniques
Substance addiction, 1, 4–7. See also Addiction
Substance use disorders (SUDs), 3–4
alcohol use disorders (AUDs), 2, 161–164
case conceptualization and, 37
CBT model of, 24, 26f
mental health problems and, 17, 17f
Summaries, capsule, 89–90, 93
Summary and review in sessions, 234–236
Support groups, 218, 267–270. See also Mutual-
help groups
Syndrome model of addiction, 164
System 1 and 2 thinking, 43–44, 189–192, 189t,
205
anticipating roadblocks to change and,
202–204
practicing strategies, 204
Techniques, standardized. See Standardized
techniques
Terminating therapy, 270–271
Therapeutic relationship, 53, 79
beliefs about “resistance,” 72–73
boundaries and limits and, 73–75
credibility and, 75–76
dynamics that adversely influence, 54–63
goal setting and, 145–146, 150
initial therapy sessions, 64–68
language and, 63–64
power struggles and, 77–79
process of psychoeducation and, 178–182
ruptures in, 70–72
therapist attitudes and, 72–73, 147–148
Therapist factors
choosing topics and techniques for group CBT
for addictions and, 238–239
goal setting and, 147–148
harm reduction and, 250–251
process of psychoeducation and, 178–182
See also Therapeutic relationship
Therapy drift, 149–151
Therapy groups. See Group CBT for addiction;
Mutual-help groups; SMART Recovery
mutual-help program
Therapy ruptures, 70–72
Thoughts, 15–22, 17f, 18t, 22f, 184–185, 205
associated with addictive behaviors, 185–188,
187t
automatic thought records (ATR) and,
125–127, 126f, 143–144
case conceptualization and, 41–44
categories of, 101–105
challenging, 110
development of addictive behavior and, 27f
functional analysis and, 25f, 105–110, 105f,
109f
group CBT for addiction and, 229–233, 229t
guided discovery and, 98–105
helping patients to change, 193–204
identifying, 175
linking with feelings and behaviors, 98–105
outcome expectancies and, 20–21
overlearned cognitive and behavioral patterns
(habits) and, 181–182
power struggles and, 78–79
psychoeducation regarding, 167–175, 168f,
169f, 172f, 174f
relapse prevention and harm reduction and,
254–259, 257f, 262–265, 265t, 266–267
social support approaches to relapse prevention
and, 267–270
that impact therapeutic relationships, 54–63
working with modes and, 212–216
See also ABC model; Addiction-related
thoughts and beliefs; Automatic thoughts
(ATs); Cognitive processes
Transtheoretical model of change, 11, 31–33, 36,
46–47. See also Change processes
Trauma, 40, 69, 70. See also Early experiences
Treatment implications in the case
conceptualization, 36, 48, 51. See also Case
conceptualization
Treatment planning, 37, 43–44
Triggers
anticipating roadblocks to change and,
202–204
automatic thought records (ATR) and,
125–127, 126f, 143–144
behavioral approaches to relapse prevention
and, 265–266
case conceptualization and, 36, 40–41
CBT model and, 22–23, 22f, 24, 26f
development of addictive behavior and, 26
functional analysis and, 25f, 105–110, 105f, 109f
group CBT for addiction and, 229–233, 229f
guided discovery and, 98–105
292 Subject Index
Triggers (cont.)
identifying and managing, 259–262
lapses and, 266–267
psychoeducation regarding, 167–175, 168f,
169f, 172f, 174f
relapse prevention and harm reduction and,
249–251, 259–262, 265–267
stimulus management and, 113–114
See also ABC model; Antecedents in the ABC
model
Trust
building and maintaining, 70–72
credibility and, 75–76
mistrust schema and, 68, 69–70
relaxation training and, 130
therapeutic relationships and, 68–72
12-step programs. See Mutual-help groups
Urge surfing, 30, 104, 114–116. See also Urges
Urges
addiction-related thoughts and beliefs and, 24
anticipating roadblocks to change and,
202–204
behavioral approaches to relapse prevention
and, 265–266
CBT model and, 26f
delay and distract (D&D) techniques and,
114–116
living a balanced life and, 136–137
relaxation training and, 129–130
thoughts and beliefs regarding, 103–104
urge surfing, 30, 104, 116
Values, 119, 137. See also Core beliefs
Vulnerability, 27–28, 27f, 173–175, 174f