TAKE AWAYS FOR THE COURSE:

WEEK 1:
Psychodiagnostics as a theoretical discipline examines the formation principles of valid and
reliable psychodiagnostics conclusions, by which we realize a transition from the hypothesis about some
mental properties or behavior patterns existence to the statement of their presence or absence.
Psychodiagnostics procedure consists of several stages
1. prologue - The main task of this stage conclude in informed consent of the client.
2. screening diagnostics - to make sure that our planned major diagnostic procedure
corresponds not only to our research tasks, but also the client's opportunities and
intentions.
3. the collection of basic diagnostic data. 
4. the psychologist tells the client diagnostic results.
All professional standards are guided by the Code of ethics. Here are some international rules and
standards relating to tests by ITC or International Test Commission that differentiates 3 aspects of
competence:
1. professional and physical standards of good practice that affect the way in which the
process of testing is carried out, and the way in which test users interact with others
involved in the process. 
2. knowledge, understanding and skills relating to the process of testing. What test users
need to be able to do? 
3. the knowledge and understanding that are necessary to inform and underpin the process
of testing
 Professional and ethical standards in testing;
-rights of the test taker, and other parties involved in the testing process; 
- choice and evaluation of alternative tests;
- test administration, scoring and interpretation;
- report writing and feedback; 
- standards of test construction;
- standards for user documentation; 
- technical and user manuals, standards for regulating the supply and availability of tests; 
- and information about tests. 

WEEK 2:
Standardized methods are implemented in the framework of nomotheticy approach to
psychodiagnostics. 
Nomothetical approach operates in terms of bipolar scales. Any sign is always a unique contrasts,
for example, the opposite of the meaning sweet is salty. While standardized psychodiagnostics approach
involve the use of measurement methods . Precise tasting procedure when the process results are
compared with a known.

Non Standardized - referred in the ideographic approach. In this case, we understand the person
is a complete, unique and unrepeatable system. From subject-object position in normal psychological
approach, we come to subject-subject position that later obtained in such diagnostic have descriptive
nature. And their interpretation is based on intuition and professional experience of the psychologist.
These methods are quite complicated to use and require high level qualifications of specialist. 

Nomothetical approach is widely used in research and work with groups of people. If you need to rank
testees into some way, separate them into groups to compare with each other. The ideographic approach
is most suitable for individual work with the client. Today we often talk about feasibility of using Bohr's
approach in complex investigation.
The Structure of Psychological Tests:
Psychological test is a method of measuring personality traits and characteristics of intelligence,
which is characterized by a high degree of objectivity, reliability, and validity. objectivity, reliability, and
validity - are characteristics of the correctness of a psychological test.

 Psychological Test Structure –

1.  user-documentation for the psychologist (psychologist manual)
- Author of the test
- Test’s Theoretical conception
- Author of the adopted version
- Type of testee
- Test reliability and validity
- Test norms
2. Instruction for the test taker - Sample
3. Stimulus Material
4. Answer Sheet
5. Clues – psychological jargons “scale”, contain correct answer
6. rules of scales results interpretation psychological test representativeness is associated with
such concepts as the sample and the general population. The sample is those responders who
are tested during the development and practical approval of the test. The general population is
all potential testees to whom this method can be applied in principle.
Norm shows borders of average values. Availability of norms is mandatory for standardized tests which
have scale with a clear quantitative measurement.
A social-cultural norm is a certain level of a psychological characteristic severity which is
considered necessary or appropriate in society. It is average intensity of a scale in most cases
A statistical norm is an average range of values measured on a scale of a psychological
characteristic. In this case, the norm is approximately of a values indicator to a level that characterize the
average person. Method of quantiles means a separation of a scale into parts. Each separated part is
characterized by an equal expiration of a measured property or characteristic. 

WEEK 3:
A specific mental ability involve understanding the outside world. They also involve processing
outside information and reasoning with it through representation in the mind. A specific mental ability is
connected with high mental process.  Intelligence is a general mental capability that involves the ability to
reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehended ideas and language, and learn.

Achievement tests - give a final assessment of the individual achievements on completion of

education. It measures not only the correct execution of the tasks but also the manner in which it has been
done. Achievement testing serves many purposes.
- It provides basis for promotion to the next grade.
- It finds out a way each testee stands in various academic areas
- it helps to make a decision about the placements of testees in particular section.
- It motivates the students or school boys before a new assignment has been taken up.
- It shows how successfully the student performs in theory as well as in clinical areas.
- It exposes pupils or student's difficulties, which the teacher can help them to solve.
Psychodiagnostics of creativity is a very important next step in psychodiagnostics of intelligence
development. This approach might it possible to bridge the gap between intelligence and personality. 
Noncognitive factors of intelligence, here it states that  noncognitive factors provide about 80% of a
person's life success. main task of the psychology of giftedness includes a function of forecasting the
development of the individual, in particular, forecasting life success.

Emotional intelligence activity is an important factor for successful implementation in

activity. Emotional intelligence or emotional quotient, is a capacity of individuals to recognize their own
and other people's emotions, to discriminate between different feelings and label them appropriately, to
use emotional information, to guide thinking and behavior, and to manage and adjust emotions to adapt
environment or achieve one's goals.
- It measures five areas of emotional intelligence including 
o emotional awareness,
o managing one's emotions, 
o self-motivation,
o empathy,
o coaching other's emotions. 

WEEK 4:
Main approach in the classical psychodiagnostic of personality they are dimensional, typological, 
psychodynamic, and block-structured approach. Paramount classical approach in psychodiagnostic
personality is dimensional approach. A dimension refers to a continuum on which an individual can have
various levels of a characteristic. According to dimensional models, disorders are classified according to
which characteristics are expressed at which levels.These things is a contrast to the traditional categorical
models of classification, which are based on the build-in presence of absence of same terms. Dimensional
classification techniques show individual multi-dimensional profiles. hey can show information about a
personality continuum, from normal to atypical. 

Typological approach - has mythologically rigorous standards, and aims to identify a basic set of
replicable and generalizable personality types that would solve as a classification system. Projective
techniques in psychodynamic approach designed to let the person respond to ambiguous
stimuli presumably revealing hidden emotions and internal conflicts. Projective test has their origins in
psycho analytic psychology which argues that humans have conscious and unconscious entities and
motivations. That are beyond or hidden from conscious awareness

WEEK 5:
Contemporary approach to psychodiagnostics is the integrative Approach which tackle about the
continuity of intelligence of a person. Here, the Psychodiagnostics of giftedness involves consideration of
intellectual, personal and behavioral characteristics in the unity and interrelations. psychodiagnostics of
intelligent abilities, is necessary to pay special attention to the following characteristics.
phsychodiagnostics of behavior in rules in assessments of the process activities. The main method is a
method of observation.

In addition, the interpersonal Communication Approach to Psychodiagnostics held that

communication is a way individuals orient to their environment and to one another. According to
Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument. It assesses an individual typical behavior in conflict
situations, and describes it along two dimensions: cooperativeness and assertiveness. It provides detailed
information about how that individual can effectively use five different conflict handling modes or styles.

- competing is assertive and uncooperative, a power-oriented mode. When competing, an

individual pursues his or her own concerns at the other person's expense, using whatever
power seems appropriate to win his or her position. 
- Avoiding is unassertive and uncooperative. When avoiding, an individual does not
immediately pursue hisor her own concerns or those of the other person. He or she does not
address the conflict. 
- Accommodating is unassertive and cooperative, the opposite of competing.When
accommodating, an individual neglects his or her own concerns to satisfy the concerns of the
other person. There is an element of self-sacrifice in this mode. 
- Compromising is intermediate in both, assertiveness and cooperativeness. When
compromising, an individual has the objective of finding an expedient, mutually acceptable
solution that partly satisfies both parties.
- collaborating is both assertive and cooperative. When collaborating, an individual attempts
to work with the other person to find a solution that fully satisfies the concerns of both.It
involves digging into an issue to identify the underlying concerns of the two individuals, and
to find an alternative that meets both set of concerns. 

INSIGHT:
Psychodynamic approach in psychodiagnostics which involves the analysis of past life events
impacts on the current state of human. the oral or written sharing of our stories with others. Stories are not
merely chronicles of what happened. They are more about meanings. Thus, we can conclude that higher
level of one specific ability does not affect other people's qualities. The necessity of understanding the
social, cultural, and historical context of describing reality. We consider the person as a certain relations
unit which is inextricably linked to some community. It means that human activity and experience are
filled with the meaning and stories rather than logical agreement or lawful formulations. Experience and
internalize a story of their self. Which provides the individual with a sense of funity and purpose in
life. Everyone is multi-historical, lot of tests, approaches and techniques were utilized and modified to
have a reliable and valid result to best able understand human behavior.