1.

To identify the elements of biophilic design approach that will be applicable for a

general hospital in relation to:

a. Site and building

1.6 Review of Related Literature, Studies, and Projects

This portion of the study presents the review of different sources from books, articles,

journals, case studies and actual projects in relation to designing and planning of hospital

applying biophilic design approach.

1.6.a. Review of Related Literature

The concept of biophilic design, which was developed by Stephen Kellert and

included in the architecture and design literature, explores ways of maintaining human-

nature interaction in the built environment. When the difference of the approach from

sustainable design is considered, it is possible to say that, it is more human-oriented in

terms of providing the opportunity to experience nature directly or indirectly by

including the use of natural elements in the architectural space (Avinc & Selcuk, 2021).

1. Elements of Biophilic Design