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9/4/2021 Designing a health facility for the next pandemic | Building Design + Construction
Making better use of parking lots to regulate who enters a healthcare facility is one of the
considerations for controlling the spread of infectious diseases made in a new guide released by the
architecture firm EUA. Images: EUA
1. Reducing patient presentations at facilities, with specific focuses on telehealth, site design and planning, and drive-through
testing. For example, the guide’s considerations for reducing patient presentations include using the facility’s parking lot to manage
who enters the building. It recommends a single point of entry and exit, a staffed gatehouse to direct and track patients (via
smartphone technology), and drive-through services for pharmacies and labs.
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9/4/2021 Designing a health facility for the next pandemic | Building Design + Construction
The guide emphasizes the importance of drive-through options for controlling who enters a healthcare building.
2. Isolating infectious patients, and how to prepare vestibules, entries, waiting rooms, and reception areas. The guide recommends
larger vestibules to accommodate more functions and equipment, as well as temperature screening, physical distancing, and
touchless entry supplemented by hand sanitizer stations and mask dispensers. Planning, the guide states, will also consider “placing
a negative pressure multipurpose room adjacent to registration to isolate patients with symptoms of infectious diseases.
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9/4/2021 Designing a health facility for the next pandemic | Building Design + Construction
3. Improving facilities’ ability to reduce the spread of infection. The guide makes specific planning recommendations for clinics,
hospital lobbies, emergency departments, elevators, materials management, and restrooms. Triage areas at the front door will help
sort well and unwell patients. One-way patient flow will ensure patients don’t cross paths with potentially unwell patients who are
entering the building.
For clinics, EUA favors a “library” model that includes community spaces (e.g., rooms for meetings and group therapies, physical
therapy, or for staff break rooms) with access to the building’s main entrance. During a pandemic, a community space would be
converted to serve as a buffer between screened and unscreened patients.
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9/4/2021 Designing a health facility for the next pandemic | Building Design + Construction
The guide recommends one-way traffic so that well and unwell patients don't intersect.
4. Providing surge capacity for high-volume episodes. The guide offers considerations for separating infected patients, providing
separate entrances, ventilation (including providing a negative pressure relationship in the infectious side of the unit), and
repurposing lower-acuity patient care spaces for increased patient beds.
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9/4/2021 Designing a health facility for the next pandemic | Building Design + Construction
This diagram of an inpatient nursing unit shows how strategies can be employed to separate non-infectious and infectious patients
in the same bed unit.
“Planning a building that seeks to fully address all aspects of operations during a pandemic is a major undertaking,” the guide
concedes. Therefore, “it is important to be intentional about the decisions each organization makes around pandemic planning for
each project.”
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