Economy

Calculation Using Specific Fuel Consumption

Hourly fuel consumption (hereinafter called fuel consumption) can be determined by the following equation,
using specific fuel consumption.

Pxq
f= xC
1000 x p

where f= hourly fuel consumption (liter/hour)

P= engine output (kW)
q= specific fuel consumption (g/kW·h)
p= specific gravity of fuel
C= engine load factor

Specific Fuel Consumption (q)

Specific fuel consumption (q) is defined as hourly fuel consumption (gram) per kW.
Engine performance on each model is tabulated below.

Engine Performance
Engine Maker Rated Output Displacement Specific Fuel Consumption
& Model (kW/rpm) (L) (g/kW·h)
ZX70 Isuzu AA-4JG1 40.5/2 100 3.1 240
ZX75US Isuzu A-4JG1 40.5/1 900 3.1 238
ZX110, ZX125US Isuzu BB-4BG1T 59/1 950* 4.3 242
ZX120, ZX135US Isuzu CC-4BG1TC 63/1 950* 4.3 242
ZX160LC Isuzu AA-4BG1TC 74/1 950* 4.3 220
ZX200 Isuzu AA-4BG1T 103/1 900* 6.5 227
ZX225US, ZX225USR Isuzu AA-6BG1T 103/1 900* 6.5 227
ZX230 Isuzu CC-6BG1T 118/2 000* 6.5 227
ZX270 Isuzu CC-6BG1T 125/2 050* 6.5 238
ZX330 Isuzu AA-6HK1X 177/1 900* 7.8 237
ZX450 Isuzu AA-6WG1TQA 235/1 800 15.7 223
ZX600, ZX650H Isuzu BB-6WG1X 295/1 800 15.7 216
ZX800, ZX850H Isuzu BB-6WG1 340/1 800 15.7 208
EX1200-5C Mitsubishi S6R-Y2TAA2 482/1 650 24.5 225
EX1900-5 Mitsubishi S12A2-Y1TAA1 720/1 800 33.9 211
EX2500-5 Cummins QSK45-C 971/1 800 45.3 211
EX3600-5 Mitsubishi S16R-Y1TAA1 1 400/1 600 65.4 211
EX5500-5 Cummins QSK45-C 971/1 800 x 2 45.3 x 2 211
NOTE : Data marked with an asterisk (*) are obtained from ordinary operation in the P mode, not in the
HP mode.

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Specific Gravity of Fuel (p)
Specific gravity of fuel (p) can be expressed as follows.
Specific Gravity (p)
Kerosene 0.78 − 0.83
Light oil 0.83 − 0.86
Heavy oil 0.87 and greater

Engine Load Factor (C)

Engine load factor (C) is determined on condition that full load is applied. Fuel consumption is required
to be determined with in mind load factor in actual operation.
This load factor varies largely with machine model, work mode, type of work and operator’s skill as listed
below.

Light-duty work: .......... C = 0.35 − 0.45 L mode (light excavation) − shallow excavation in soft soil.
Medium-duty work: ..... C = 0.45 − 0.60 E mode (ordinary excavation).
Heavy-duty work: ........ C = 0.60 − 0.90 P mode (heavy excavation) − deep excavation in hard soil;
and excavation while traveling.

Hourly Fuel Consumption (f)

Hourly fuel consumption (f) of each model is tabulated below for reference. Unit: L/h
Under full engine Light service Medium Service Heavy service
load (C = 1.0) (C=0.35−0.45) (C=0.45−0.6) (C=0.6-0.9)
ZX70 11.4 4−5 5−7 7−10
ZX75US 11.3 4−5 5−7 7−10
ZX110, ZX125US 16.8 6−8 8−10 10−15
ZX120, ZX135US 17.9 6−8 8−11 11−16
ZX160LC 19.2 7−9 9−12 12−17
ZX200 27.5 10−12 12−17 17−25
ZX225US, ZX225USR 27.5 10−12 12−17 17−25
ZX230 31.5 11−14 14−19 19−28
ZX270 35.0 12−16 16−21 21−32
ZX330 49.4 17−22 22−30 30−44
ZX450 61.7 22−28 28−37 37−55
ZX600, ZX650H 75.0 26−34 34−45 45−68
ZX800, ZX850H 82.7 29−37 37−50 50-75
EX1200-5C 127.6 45−57 57−77 77−115
EX1900-5 178.7 63−80 80−107 107−161
EX2500-5 241.0 84−109 106−142 142−213
EX3600-5 347.5 122−156 156−209 209−313
EX5500-5 482.1 169−217 213−284 284−426
1. Specific gravity of light oil is determined to be 0.85.
2. Data shown are reference values, which are determined under engine load in ordinary operation, not
guaranteed values.
3. Engine output in the P mode has been used for calculation.

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Productivity
Hourly productivity can be determined by the following equation.

3600 x Q x K x E
V=
C xD

Where V = hourly productivity, m3/h

Q = bucket capacity (heaped), m3
K = bucket factor (see Table 1)
E = work efficiency (see Table 2)
C = basic cycle time (sec)
D = factor between swing angle and digging depth (see Table 3)

Bucket Factor (K)

Bucket factor (K) varies with kind of soil and digging depth.
Cumulative data, obtained depending on kind and conditions of soil, are generally used for actual
planning.

Table 1 Bucket Factor (K)

(Using JIS bucket capacity definition)

Type of Relatively tough

Light excavation Medium excavation Tough excavation
Excavation excavation
K 0.8 − 1.0 0.7 − 0.9 0.6 - 0.8 0.4 - 0.7
Kind and Loose sand; easily Easily collapsed soil Finely crushed Bulky blasted rocks
conditions of heaped condensed when stockpiled (no limestone and loaded in bucket
soil soil with little air void blasting required); sandstone; wet with large air void.
in bucket; and clay sand and soil loaded cohesive clay;
containing lots of in bucket with air gravel containing
sand. void; wet or dry clay; rubble; and
coarse gravel: and excavation in water.
compacted sand
and soil.

Work Efficiency (E)

Work efficiency (E) varies largely with operator’s skill as well as machine travel distance, preparation
time length and dump trucks combined. Actual work efficiency is from 0.5 to 0.8.

Table 2 Work Efficiency (E)

Work Conditions Work Efficiency
Very good 0.9 (55 minutes/hour)
Good 0.83 (50 minutes/hour)
Ordinary 0.75 (45 minutes/hour)

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Basic Cycle Time (C)

Cycle time varies with kind and conditions of soil as well as the degree of excavation difficulty.
Here, basic cycle time (C) is defined on condition that kind of soil is ordinary, swing angle is 90°, digging
depth is 60% maximum digging depth (catalog data), and operation is dumping onto a well matched
dump truck.

Basic Cycle Time (C)

Unit: sec
Basic Cycle Time Mode
ZX70/ZX70LC 13 Maximum output mode
ZX110/ZX110M 13 Maximum output mode
ZX120 13 Maximum output mode
ZX160LC 14 Maximum output mode
ZX200 14 Maximum output mode
ZX230 16 Maximum output mode
ZX270 16 Maximum output mode
ZX330 16 Maximum output mode
ZX450 18 Maximum output mode
ZX600 19 Maximum output mode
ZX800 20 Maximum output mode
EX1200-5C 22 Maximum output mode
EX1900-5 25 Maximum output mode
EX2500-5 27 Maximum output mode
EX3600-5 28 Maximum output mode
EX5500-5 30 Maximum output mode

Factor between Swing Angle and Digging Depth (D)

Cycle time varies with swing speed and digging depth.

Table 3 Factor between Swing Angle and Digging Depth

Swing Angle
Digging Depth
45° 90° 135° 180°
Less than 40% maximum digging depth 0.80 0.85 0.95 1.05
40% to 75% maximum digging depth 0.95 1.00 1.10 1.20
More than 75% maximum digging depth 1.10 1.15 1.25 1.40

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Hourly Production (Loose Soil Volume) (V)

Hourly production (V) of each model in light excavation is tabulated below for reference.

3600 x Q x K x E
V=
C xD

where K = 0.9
E = 0.9
D = 1.0

Hourly Production (Loose Soil Volume) (V)

Unit: m3/h
Bucket Capacity (Q) Work Efficiency (E)
(heaped) m3 1.0 0.83 0.75 0.5
ZX70 0.28 70 58 53 35
ZX110 0.45 112 93 84 56
ZX120 0.5 125 104 94 63
ZX160LC 0.6 139 115 104 70
ZX200 0.8 185 154 139 93
ZX230 1.0 203 168 152 102
ZX270 1.1 223 185 167 112
ZX330 1.4 284 236 213 142
ZX450 1.8 324 269 243 162
ZX600 2.5 426 354 320 213
ZX800 3.3 535 444 401 268
EX1200-5C 5.0 736 611 552 368
EX1900-5 12.0 1 244 1 033 933 622
EX2500-5 15.0 1 800 1 494 1 350 900
EX3600-5 22.0 2 546 2 113 1 910 1 273
EX5500-5 29.0 3 132 2 600 2 349 1 566

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