Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.

com

izFke% ikB%
lqHkkf"krkfu
¹^lqHkkf"kr* 'kCn ^lq $ Hkkf"kr* bu nks 'kCnksa osQ esy ls lEi gksrk gSA lq dk vFkZ
lqUnj] e/qj rFkk Hkkf"kr dk vFkZ opu gSA bl rjg lqHkkf"kr dk vFkZ lqUnj@eèkqj
opu gSA izLrqr ikB esa lwfDre×tjh] uhfr'krde~] euqLe`fr%] f'k'kqikyoèke~] i×prU=ke~
ls jkspd vkSj fopkjijd 'yksdksa dks laxg` hr fd;k x;k gSAº
xq.kk xq.kKs"kq xq.kk HkofUr
rs fuxq.Z ka izkI; HkofUr nks"kk%A
lqLoknqrks;k% izHkofUr u|%
leqnez klk| HkoUR;is;k% AA1AA
lkfgR;lÄõhrdykfoghu%
lk{kkRi'kq% iqPNfo"kk.kghu%A
r`.ka u [kknÂfi thoeku%
rn~Hkkx/s;a ijea i'kwuke~ AA2AA
yqC/L; u';fr ;'k% fi'kquL; eS=kh
u"VfØ;L; oqQyeFkZijL; /eZ%A
fo|kiQya O;lfuu% Ñi.kL; lkS[;a
jkT;a izeÙklfpoL; ujkf/iL; AA3AA

Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com

2020-21
Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com

ihRok jla rq dVqoQa e/qja lekua

ek/q;Zeso tu;sUe/qef{kdklkSA
lUrLrFkSo lelTtunqtZukuka
JqRok op% e/qjlwDrjla l`tfUr AA4AA
fogk; ikSjQ"ka ;ks fg nSoesokoyEcrs A
izklknflagor~ rL; ewfèuZ fr"BfUr ok;lk% AA5AA
iq"ii=kiQyPNk;kewyoYdynkjQfHk% A
/U;k eghjQgk% ;s"kka foeq[ka ;kfUr ukfFkZu% AA6AA
fpUruh;k fg foinke~ vknkoso izfrfØ;k% A
u owQi[kuua ;qDra iznhIrs ofÉuk x`gs AA7AA

'kCnkFkkZ%

xq.kKs"kq & xqf.k;ksa esa

lqLoknqrks;k% & Lokfn"V ty
izHkofUr & fudyrh gSa@mRiUu gksrh gSa
leqnzeklk| (leqnze~$vklk|) & leqnz esa feydj@igq¡pdj
HkoUR;is;k% (HkofUr$vis;k%) & ihus ;ksX; ugha gksrh
fo"kk.kghu% & lhax osQ fcuk
[kknUufi ([kknu~$vfi) & [kkrs gq, Hkh
thoeku% & ftUnk jgrk gqvk
fi'kquL; & pqxy[kksj@pqxyh djus okys dh
O;lfuu% & cqjh yr okys dh
ujkf/iL; (uj$vf/iL;) & jktk dk@osQ@dh

#fpjk
2 r`rh;ks Hkkx%

Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com

2020-21
Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com

tu;sUe/qef{kdklkS & ;g e/qeD[kh iSnk djrh@

(tu;sr~$e/qef{kdk$vlkS) fuekZ.k djrh gS
lUrLrFkSo (lUr%$rFkk$,o) & oSls gh lTtu
l`tfUr & fuekZ.k djrs gSa
ok;lk% & dkS,
oYdy & isM+ dh Nky
nkjQfHk% & ydfM+;ksa }kjk
eghjQgk% & o`{k
owQi[kuua & oqQvka [kksnuk
ofÉuk & vfXu }kjkk

vH;kl%
1- ikBs nÙkkuka i|kuka lLojokpua oqQ#rA
2- 'yksdka'ks"kq fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) leqnzeklk| ------------------------------ A
([k) -------------------- op% e/qjlwDrjla l`tfUrA
(x) rn~Hkkx/s;a -------------------------------- i'kwuke~A
(?k) fo|kiQya -------------------- Ñi.kL; lkS[;e~A
(Ä) ikSjQ"ka fogk; ;% ----------------- voyEcrsAs
(p) fpUruh;k fg foinke~ -----------------izfrfØ;k%A
3- iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k ,dinsu fy[kr&
(d) O;lfuu% ¯d u';fr\
([k) dL; ;'k% u';fr\
(x) e/qef{kdk foaQ tu;fr\

lqHkkf"krkfu
3

Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com

2020-21
Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com

(?k) e/qjlwDrjla osQ l`tfUr\

(Ä) vfFkZu% osQH;% foeq[kk u ;kfUr\
4- v/ksfyf[kr&rn~Hko&'kCnkuka Ñrs ikBkr~ fpRok laLÑrinkfu fy[kr&
;Fkk& oaQtwl Ñi.k%
dM+ok --------------------
iwN
¡ --------------------
yksHkh --------------------
e/qeD[kh --------------------
frudk --------------------

5- v/ksfyf[krs"kq okD;s"kq drZ̀ina fØ;kina p fpRok fy[kr&

okD;kfu
;Fkk&lUr% e/qjlwDrjla l`tfUrA
(d) fuxZ.q ka izkI; HkofUr nks"kk%A
([k) xq.kKs"kq xq.kk% HkofUrA
(x) e/qef{kdk ek/q;± tu;srA~
(?k) fi'kquL; eS=kh ;'k% uk'k;frA
(Ä) u|% leqnez klk| vis;k% HkofUrA
dÙkkZ fØ;k
lUr% l`tfUr
-------------------- --------------------
-------------------- --------------------
-------------------- --------------------
-------------------- --------------------
-------------------- --------------------

6- js[kkfÄrï kfu inkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) xq.kk% xq.kKs"kq xq.kk% HkofUrA
([k) u|% lqLoknqrks;k% HkofUrA
(x) yqC/L; ;'k% u';frA
(?k) e/qef{kdk ek/q;eZ os tu;frA
(Ä) rL; ewfèuZ fr"BfUr ok;lk%A
7- mnkgj.kkuqlkja inkfu i`Fko~Q oqQq #r&
;Fkk&leqnzeklk| µ leqnez ~ $ vklk|

#fpjk
4 r`rh;ks Hkkx%

Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com

2020-21
Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com

ek/q;eZ os µ --------------- $ ---------------

vYieso µ --------------- $ ---------------
loZeos µ --------------- $ ---------------
nSoeso µ --------------- $ ---------------
egkReukeqfDr% µ --------------- $ ---------------
foinkeknkoso µ --------------- $ ---------------

;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
izLrqr ikB esa egkiq#"kksa dh izÑfr] xqf.k;ksa dh iz'kalk] lTtuksa dh ok.kh]
lkfgR;&laxhr&dyk dh egÙkk] pqxy[kksjksa dh nksLrh ls gksus okyh gkfu] fL=k;ksa osQ
izlUu jgus esa lcdh [kq'kgkyh dks vkyÄïkfjd Hkk"kk esa izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA
ikB osQ 'yksdksa osQ leku vU; lqHkkf"krksa dks Hkh Lej.k j[ksa rFkk thou esa mudh
mikns;rk@laxfr ij fopkj djsAa
(d) ;s"kka u fo|k u riks u nkua
Kkua u 'khya u xq.kks u /eZ%A
rs eR;ZyksoQs Hkqfo HkkjHkwrk%
euq";:is.k e`xk'pjfUrAA
([k) xq.kk% iwtkLFkkua xqf.k"kq u p fyÄõa u p o;%A
(x) U;k;kRiFk% izfopyfUr ina u /hjk%A
(?k) nqtuZ % ifjgrZO;ks fo|;k¿yÄ~Ñrks¿fi lu~A
(Ä) u izk.kkUrs izÑfrfoÑfrtkZ;rs pksÙkekuke~A
(p) mn;s lfork jDrks jDr'pkLrÄrõ s rFkk (mnsfr lfork rkezLrkez ,okLresfr p)A
lEiÙkkS p foiÙkkS p egrkesd:irkAA
mi;ZDq r lqHkkf"krksa osQ va'kksa dks i<+dj Lo;a le>us dk iz;Ru djsa rFkk laLÑr
,oa vU; Hkkjrh;&Hkk"kkvksa osQ lqHkkf"krksa dk laxgz djsAa
^xq.kk xq.kKs"kq xq.kk HkofUr*µbl iafDr esa folxZ lfU/ osQ fu;e esa ^xq.kk%* osQ folxZ
dk nksuksa ckj yksi gqvk gSA lfU/ osQ fcuk iafDr ^xq.kk% xq.kKs"kq xq.kk% HkofUr* gksxhA

lqHkkf"krkfu
5

Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com

2020-21