Name: Suktey Tuljaram Arjun

MIS Number:112015145

Assessment-2

In data communication ,data is transmitted through medium in two ways:

- Guided medium
- Un-guided medium

Q1.Difference between them

Guided medium Un-guided medium

Basic concept is data signal are transmitted
through physical medium.
There are mostly wired transmission
In this data signals are transmitted in specific
directions
Data loss can be overcome by using shielding
method
Signals are in form of voltages, current or photon
Range of transmission is fixed
Range of transmission can be increased by adding
more physical medium to propagate (less costly
method)
Examples: twisted pair cables, coaxial cables,
optical fiber cable
Basic concept is data signal are transmitted
through the air/atmosphere directly
There are wireless transmission
In this data signals don’t have any specific
directions to transmit
Shielding is not possible so data loss may or may
not occurs
Signals are in form of electromagnetic waves
Range of transmission in varies
Range of transmission can be increased by
building more network stations/towers in
appropriate distance (more costly method)
Example: microwaves/radio waves, infrared light

Q2 guided media:

- Twisted pair cables

- Coaxial cables
- Optical fiber cables

twisted pair cables:

This are made up of pair of cables twisted with each other. this technique is used to reduce noise
interference this cable is also known as Ethernet cable. Almost all modern LAN computer networks
use this cable.
 Further these cables are also divided into two types:

- Un-shielded (UTP): in this pairs of wires don’t have much layered covering(a single plastic
covering would be present)

- Shielded (STP): in this each pairs of wires are covered with layers of additional metal shield,
then all pairs are covered with a outer plastic sheath
Examples: normal electrical connections

Coaxial cables:
This wire cable contains a conductor (copper core), insulator, braiding/shielding (copper mesh to reduce
noise interference) and a sheath. The sheath covers shielding. Shielding covers the insulation &
insulation covers conductor.
These cables have higher frequency than twisted pair cable

Further this cable are divided into two types depending on transmission

- Baseband: it is define as the process of transmitting a single signal at high speed

- Broadband: it is define as process of transmitting multiple signal simultaneously
Examples: wires used to connect to TVs and dish antenna

Fiber optic:
In this the copper wires are replaced by fiber optics cables (as a core) and a layer of cladding (concentric
layer of glass) in provided with outer insulation

This cable uses electric signal or light signal. This type of cable provides faster data transmission than
copper wired cables. And this cable is completely immune EMI & RFI

There are two type of fiber optic cable:

 - Single mode fiber (SMF):it is an optical fiber designed to carry only a single mode of
light

- Multi-mode fiber (MMF): it uses multiple rays of light simultaneously with each ray of
light running at a different reflection angles to carry the transmission over short distances

Examples: cables used to provide internet/Ethernet to a locality

Un-guided media:
- Radio waves
- Microwaves
- Infrared light

Radio waves:
These are electromagnetic waves transmitted in free space. These waves have frequency of 1-3 KHz

This waves cover large area and can penetrate the walls .it provides higher transmission rate.

Example: FM radio, wireless phones etc

Microwaves:
These waves have frequency of 4-6Ghz to 21-23Ghz.
This waves are inexpensive for short distance connection but as distance increases the efficiency of
signal decrease

Example: Satellite communication networks, TV signal broadcasting.

Infrared light:
It is wireless technology sued for communication over short ranges. Its frequency is from 300Ghz to
400Ghz

This communication provides better security with minimum interference. it also supports higher
bandwidth so data transmission rate would be very high

Examples: the short range communication signal such as TV and TV remote.