SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

English for Academic

and Professional
Purposes
Quarter 1 – Module 2
Text Structure

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Text Structure
First Edition, 2020

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over them.

Development Team of the Module

Authors: Rema G. Allanic
Editor:
Reviewers:
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Elpidia Bergado
SDO Cavite Province
Romyr L. Lazo, EPS In-charge of LR
Ferdinand V. Marquez, EPS In-charge

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 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

English for Academic

and Professional
Purposes
Quarter 1 – Module 2

Text Structure

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
Guide in Using PIVOT Learners Material Module iv
Lesson 1- Text Structure
What I need to know? 1
What is new? 2
What I know? 2
What is in? 3
What is it? 3
What is more? 8
What I can do? 9
What else I can do? 11
What I have learned? 12
What can I achieve? 13
References 18

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Guide in Using PIVOT Learners Material Module

For the Facilitators

1. Introduce the lesson on Reading Academic Texts. Engage learners to do the

activities religiously, and let the learners carry the tasks with ease and confidence.
2. Do the What I Know: Instruct the learners to answer the questions to test how far
they know about the topic.
3. Do the activity What’s New: Activate the learners' understanding of the topics by
letting them answer varied activities.
4.Allow students to read What is It. Let the learners fully discover and comprehend all
topics discussed in this module.

5. Let the learners answer the activities on What’s More. Check if they have
understood the topics. Deepen their understanding by completing the guided
questions on what I have learned section.

6. Assign the students to do What I can Do activities that shall transfer

knowledge/skills gained or learned into real life situation.

For the learners

Now that you are holding this module, do the following:

1. Read and follow instructions carefully in each lesson.
2. Take note and record points for clarification.
3. Do the activities to fully understand each lesson.
4. Answer all the given tests and activities.
5. Write all your answers in your worksheets or answer sheets or in your own pad
or bond papers. Always refer to the instructions of your teacher.
6. Compile your outputs in a long folder.

GOOD LUCK AS YOU BEGIN MODULE 2!

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I What I need to know?

This module serves as a learning resource material in understanding the

target competency and producing the expected output reflected in the Curriculum
Guide. It covers one of the competencies of the subject, English for Academic and
Professional Purposes (EAPP) which is to use knowledge of text structure to glean the
information he/she needs. This module applies to all learners who enrolled the
subject under any of the strand offerings in the Senior High School curriculum.

Below are the content and performance standards as well as the learning
competency and specific objectives:

CONTENT STANDARD

The learner acquires knowledge of appropriate reading strategies for a better

understanding of academic texts.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD

The learner produces a detailed abstract of information gathered from the

various academic texts read.

LEARNING COMPETENCY

Use knowledge of text structure to glean the information he/she needs

(CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Ia-c-4)

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

a. Define text structure

b. Explain the different types of text structures

c. Determine the type of text structure used in various texts

d. Use knowledge of text structure to glean the information needed using

graphic organizers

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 I What is new?
Are you familiar with graphic organizer? I am sure, you encountered several
graphic organizers already. Now, illustrate on a paper an example of a graphic organizer
that you know. Then, explain how and when to use the graphic organizer.

In the lesson development you will find out the importance of graphic organizers
in identifying the structure of a text.

D What I know?
Directions: Read each statement carefully and identify the word/s being described.
Choose the letter of your answer inside box below. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

A. Cause and Effect D. Problem and Solution

B. Compare and Contrast E. Description

C. Sequence/Chronological

____1. Shows how two or more things are alike and/or how they are different

____2. Starts with something that needs to change, and then proposes a solution
or "fix".

____3. It shows how to do something or make something, or to relate a series of

events that happen over time.

____4. It tells what something is, to present an item’s attributes or properties, to

show what an item or place is like

____5. It explains why or how something happened.

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 D What is in?
In module 1, you have learned how to the kind of language chosen by writers in
developing their academic texts. You had identified whether the text used formal or
informal language and have studied other forms of languages. You also have learned
that in academic writing we consider our audience when deciding on the language we
use. In this module we dig deeper as we analyze texts. We try to find out the type of
text structure used by the writer by looking into the relationship of the details
presented.

D What is it?
Text structure refers to how the information within a written text is organized. This
strategy helps students understand that a text might present a main idea and details; a
cause and then its effects; and/or different views of a topic.

IMPORTANCE OF KNOWING HOW TO IDENTIFY TEXT

STRUCTURE

Organization of text

Understanding main topic & supporting points

Aid in writing effective paragraphs and essays

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D What is it?
Types of Text Structure

1. SEQUENTIAL/CHRONOLOGICAL STRUCTURE

 Often used in fiction, biography, autobiography and procedures/processes

 Also known as time order, sequence, or temporal order.

 May include flashbacks that describe previous events and/ or experiences

 It is also used in giving the step-by-step procedure in doing something.

 You can use the following signal words: first, next, later, after, before,
following, then, in addition to, followed by, and finally

Sample paragraph 1

On April 23, 1564, William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-on-Avon in England.

He attended a local grammar school in the town. At the age of eighteen he married
Ann Hathaway. Several years later he travelled to London. By the time he was twenty-
eight he had established his reputation by acting and writing plays. Other than these
facts, little is known of Shakespeare’s early life.

Sample paragraph 2

How to have those lovely eyebrows like your favourite celebrity! It is easy to do it
for as long as you don’t overpluck, well-shaped brows can make your face from
ordinary to dramatic. Today’s brows are natural looking with a tapered arch, and you
can groom them yourself in a few easy steps. First, check magazine photos of women
whose brows you like and whose face shape matches your own. Second, draw your
desired brow with a white pencil. Third, to ease the pain, numb brow area with an ice
cube. Finally, pluck out stray hairs that lie outside the white area you’ve pencilled in.

Cosmopolitan Magazine, April 2000

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D What is it?

2. DESCRIPTION

 This is used to tell what something is, to present an item’s attributes or

properties, to show what an item or place is like
 We can use descriptive adjectives to help us visualize the topic
 You can use the following signal words: tastes like, looks like, sounds like,
smells like, feels like, examples are, in front of, about, characteristics are, for
instance, furthermore, near, beside, to illustrate, in addition etc.

Sample Paragraph
A hamburger sandwich is a sandwich which consists of cooked patty made of
ground meat that is usually beef. The meat can be grilled, fried, steamed or broiled and
is generally served with various condiments and toppings inside a sliced bun baked
especially for this purpose. It smells so delicious, that the moment it touches the tongue,
it automatically relieves hunger.

Conrado A. Santos, Jr.

COM13, SY 2006-2007

3. PROBLEM AND SOLUTION

 Tells about a problem then gives one or more possible solutions

 Signal Words:

Question is... Dilemma is...

Puzzle is... To solve this...
One answer is... One reason for the problem is...

Sample Paragraph
Being obese or overweight can’t and shouldn’t be ignored. Obesity is a major risk
factor that aggravates other illnesses like diabetes, heart ailments, gallstones, liver
ailments, difficulty in breathing etc. The medical benefit of weight reduction and the
long-term prevention of weight regain is obvious. It is now clear that even a modest
weight loss of 5 to 10% can produce significant health benefits. A new drug called:
pancreatic lipase inhibitor cuts the 305 of the daily fat absorption without affecting the
central nervous system is now available. With its clinically proven tolerability and
efficacy, it can be incorporated into a person’s weight-management program.

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D What is it?
4. CAUSE AND EFFECT

An explanation telling why or how something happened. Describes how two or

more events are related or connected.
Sample paragraph

Think of this: for every street rally, thousands of workers suffer from the heavy
traffic it causes; millions of young minds’ edification is temporarily halted; rallyists
leave garbage on the streets which are left for the poor street sweepers to clean, among
others. These reasons may be lame, but come to think of it- it’s the basic things that
matter.

5. COMPARISON AND CONTRAST

 It draws the reader’s attention to similarities and differences.

 Shows how two or more things are alike and/or how they are different
 Signal Words:
Same as, Similar, Alike, As well as, Not only…but also, Both, Instead of,
Either…or, On the other hand, Different from, As opposed to

Sample Paragraph
Even though basketball and soccer are similar, differences do exist. Even though
an athlete dribbles the ball in both sports, a basketball player uses his hands and a
soccer player uses his feet. Usually soccer is played outside on a large field and
basketball is played indoor on court made out of wood. Basketball is played with five
(5) players and soccer has eleven (11).Lastly, basketball has four quarters and soccer
has two halves.
https://www.northallegheny.org/cms/lib4/PA01001119/Centricity/Domain/253/
Compare%20and%20Contrast%20Paragraph%20Example.pdf

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 D What is it?
Look at the table below. This will help you identify text structures more easily
and summarize what you read using the suggested graphic organizers.

Source: http://ssesfourth.weebly.com/nonfiction-resources.html

You may also visit the links below for other related graphic organizers:

 https://www.westfordk12.us/sites/westfordmaps/files/uploads/types_of_graphic_organiz
ers.pdf
 https://www.teachervision.com/top-10-most-popular-graphic-organizers

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 E What is more?
Give at least three (3) signal words and one (1) visual representation/graphic
organizer for each type of text structure. You may ask your facilitator or any family
member to assist you when needed. Have them check your work to monitor your learning.

TEXT STRUCTURES SIGNAL WORDS VISUAL

1. Description

2. Sequence/Chronological

3. Compare and Contrast

4. Cause and Effect

5. Problem-Solution

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E What I can do?
do?
Directions: Read each passage carefully and identify the text structure. Write your
answer on a separate paper. You may ask your facilitator or any family member to
assist you when needed. Have them check your work to monitor your learning.

Passage # 1

Computers are very complex machines, but everything that they do can be put
into two basic categories: inputting and outputting. Inputting is when the computer
accepts information entered by the user. Outputting is when the computer returns
information to the user. When you press a key on your keyboard, you input
information. When the letter that you pressed appears on your monitor, your
computer is outputting. Both inputting and outputting require the computer to
process information, but input is controlled by the user and output is controlled by
the computer. Without inputting and outputting, there would be no computing.

Passage # 2

Working on a computer may be easier and safer than working in a mine, but it
doesn’t come without risks. Using a computer for a long time can lead to poor
eyesight, muscle loosening, back pain, and injuries to the hands and wrists. If you
find yourself working or playing on a computer quite regularly, take a few steps to
prevent these problems and you’ll thank yourself later. When you are computing
for a long time, take frequent breaks. Get up and walk around every once and while.
Exercise a little bit. Take your eyes off of the computer screen. Stretch your hands
and wrists. Straighten your back. It can be hard to pull yourself away from your
computer once you get into a zone, but your body will thank you later if you do.
Make your health a priority and don’t worry so much about what’s happening on
that little screen.

Passage # 3

Before applying the screen protector, clean the surface of your phone’s screen
with a soft cloth. Once the surface of your screen is clean, remove the paper
backing on the screen protector. Evenly apply the sticky side of the screen protector
to your phone’s screen. Smooth out any air bubble trapped on between the
protector and the phone screen. Enjoy the added protection.

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E What I can do?
do?
Passage # 4

There were many important battles in the Revolutionary War, but perhaps none
were more important than the Battles of Saratoga. The results of the Battles of
Saratoga shifted the momentum of the war toward the Americans. Though they
had previously lost numerous battles, the Americans captured British General
Burgoyne’s army during the Battles of Saratoga. This victory convinced other
countries, especially France, that the Americans could win the war. Because of
this, not only did France declare war on England, but other nations also began
openly supporting the American fight for independence. The Battles of Saratoga
will be remembered as a pivotal moment in this fight.

Passage # 5

Robert James Fischer was born in Chicago but unlocked the secrets of chess in
a Brooklyn apartment right above a candy store. At the age of six he taught himself
to play by following the instruction booklet that came with his chess board. After
spending much of his childhood in chess clubs, Fischer said that, “One day, I just
got good.” That may be a bit of an understatement. At the age of 13 he won the
U.S. Junior Chess Championship, becoming the youngest Junior Champion ever.
At the age of 14 he won the U.S. Championship and became the youngest U.S.
Champion in history. Fischer would go on to become the World Champion of chess,
but he would also grow to become his own worst enemy. Instead of defending the
title, he forfeited it to the next challenger without even making a move, and the rise
of a chess superstar ended with a fizzle.

Source:

https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-structure/text-structure-
worksheets/)

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E What else can I do?
Read the paragraph below. Identify the structure and summarize using an
appropriate graphic organizer.

First, prepare all the ingredients such as all-purpose flour, baking powder,
salt, sugar, milk, egg, and butter. Second, strain all the dry components in a large
bowl. Then, pour in the rest of the mixings. Mix all together until smooth. After that,
heat a lightly oiled frying pan over medium-high temperature. Scoop one-fourth cup
of butter onto the griddle. Brown on both sides and serve hot. Now you can enjoy
your pancake.

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A What I have learned?
Directions: Read the following passages carefully. Identify the text structure and
put key information from the text into any appropriate graphic organizer. Write
your answer on a separate paper. Please answer this independently. If you have
questions, you may contact your teacher.

Passage #1– Save the Tigers

Dr. Miller doesn’t want the tigers to vanish. These majestic beasts are
disappearing at an alarming rate. Dr. Miller thinks that we should write to our
congress people. If we let them know that we demand the preservation of this species,
maybe we can make a difference. Dr. Miller also thinks that we should donate to
Save the Tigers. Our donations will help to support and empower those who are
fighting the hardest to preserve the tigers. We owe it to our grandchildren to do
something.
https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-structure/text-structure-worksheets/

Passage #2 – Viruses

Viruses can mess up computers and make them run slowly. If you’ve ever gotten
a virus on your computer, you may have wondered why someone would go through
all of that trouble just to ruin your computer. There are two reasons why people
spread viruses: money and power. If someone infects your computer with a virus,
they can make money by stealing your sensitive information and selling it to identity
thieves. Or, they can gain power by using your computer to attack other computers
and websites to take them offline. Your computer makes an attractive target to
cybercriminals because they can use it to gain money and power.
https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-structure/text-structure-worksheets/

Passage # 3

Pipit is a small sparrow-like songbird, closely related to the wagtail it has thin
bills and a streaked brownish plumage and often white outer tail feathers. It has tails
that wag when it walks. It has also long hind claws.
(Mazon,2005)

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 A What can I achieve?

Directions: Read each statement carefully and identify the word/s being described.
Choose the letter of your answer inside box below. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper. Please answer this independently.

A. Cause and Effect D. Problem and Solution

B. Compare and Contrast E. Description
C. Sequence/Chronological

____1. Shows how two or more things are alike and/or how they are different

____2. Starts with something that needs to change, and then proposes a
solution or "fix".

____3. It shows how to do something or make something, or to relate a series of

events that happen over time.

____4. It tells what something is, to present an item’s attributes or properties,

to show what an item or place is like

____5. It explains why or how something happened.

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Answers

What Is More

14
Answers

15
Answers

16
Answers

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 References
Barrot, S. and Sipacio, P. (2016). English for academic and professional
purposes for senior high school. Quezon City: C & E Publishing Inc.
Constancia, Mazon M. (2005). Study and thinking skills in English. Manila:
St. Augustine Publications, Inc.
Compare and Contrast Paragraph. Retrieved from https://www.northallegheny
.org/cms /lib4/PA01001119/Centricity/Domain/253/Compare%20and
%20Contrast%20Paragraph %20Example.pdf
Jordan (2012). Non-fiction structures. Retrieved from http://ssesfourth.weebly.com
/nonfictionresources.html
Rayos, E.and Gochuico, J. (2007). Reading and writing: A genre-based approach.
Cavite: EROR Publishing House.
Text Structure Worksheets. Retrieved from https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text
structure/text-structure-worksheets/

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education Region 4A CALABARZON

Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Cainta Rizal

Landline: 02-8682-5773 local 420/421

Email Address: lrmd.calabarzon@deped.gov.ph

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