Annotated Bibliography

Dwyer, Kayla. “Low-Income Students Face Systemic Barriers to College Access.” The Ithacan,

27 Apr. 2017.

"Low-income students face systemic barriers to college access" By Kayla Dwyer addresses the

struggles of affording college for families who have low income and live in low-income areas. It

focuses on how expensive college can be and even how the process of applying is expensive.

This article is credible because of the author's background. She has covered similar topics in

the past. She is a graduate of Ithaca College and she uses a real-life example in the article

about a man named Mohamed Shaw who came from a high school in a run-down area and how

a school counselor helped him take the necessary steps to achieve a higher education which

led him to Ithaca College. This article is useful in a research argument because it discusses the

problem with how expensive college is and how expensive applying to college can be for

families

Sawhill, Isabel V. “Higher Education and the Opportunity Gap.” Brookings, Brookings, 28 July

2016.

"Higher Education and the Opportunity Gap" By Isabel V. Sawhill is an article that talks about

the struggles of people born into families living in low-income areas. She goes over how people

living in lower-income areas have a very slim chance to make it into the middle class as they get

older. Those who attend a four-year university have their chances increased. This article is

credible because of the author's background in education. She served in the Clinton

Administration as an Associate Director of OMB, where her responsibilities included all of the

human resource programs of the federal government. She attended Wellesley College and

received her Ph.D. from New York University.

Making college affordable: Providing low-income students with the knowledge and resources

needed to pay for college. Jack Kent Cooke Foundation. (2019, June 28).

"About Us Give Search Making College Affordable: Providing Low-Income Students with the

Knowledge and Resources Needed to Pay for College" by Crystal Coker and Jennifer Glyn is an

article that talks about the complications of college affordability. The price that students and

families are being asked to pay has increased over the years. Most families aren’t given clear

and useful information about what they should expect to pay or how to navigate the system. It

also discusses how the system needs to improve to help the affordability for those who already

struggle with money. This article is credible because of how in-depth the two authors go in

discussing the issue with the education system. They have credible sources in their research.

Dr. Glynn is a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, where she received her Ms.Ed. and

Ph.D. in Higher Education. Dr. Coker received her Ph.D. from DePaul University.

Jon Marcus and Holly K. Hacker. (2021, April 8). Poorer families are bearing the brunt of college

price hikes, Data Show. The Hechinger Report. "Poorer families are bearing the brunt of college

price hikes, data show" Is an older article by Jon Marcus and Holly K. Hacker. The article goes

over how colleges are rising prices with their tuition and the necessary tools that students need

for college. The financial aid system is distributing money to those who don't need it and not

giving enough to those who rely on it. This article is credible as the authors have written for

credible sources in the past and have experience in the education system. John Marcus has

written for The Washington Post, The New York Times, The Boston Globe, Wired, and

Medium.com. Marcus holds a bachelor’s degree from Bates College and a master’s degree in

journalism from Columbia University, attended Oxford University, and teaches journalism at

Boston College and Northeastern University. Holly K. Hacker is an education reporter and data

specialist at The Dallas Morning News.

Greene, E. (2018, May 14). What is FAFSA? the good, the bad, and the ugly: USSLC. US

Student Loan Center

"What Is FAFSA? The Good, The Bad, And The Ugly" By Emily Greene goes over what FAFSA

is and the positives and negatives. You can get approval and still receive nothing. The problem

is many people rely on help to pay for their tuition. In addition, it is difficult for the financial

system to determine who needs the money most, so they end up giving it to people who don't

use it as much as someone who does. The system has flaws that need to be improved to help

those who need support. This article is credible because of Emily's experience with the

education system as well as her education. Over the last several years, Emily has worked with

hundreds of teachers and students as part of the Kiddovate Program. Emily holds a degree in

Creative Writing from Northwestern University. She will receive a Master of Science in Creativity

and Innovation from Drexel University in March 2021.

Long, B. T., Pines, D. J., & Courtney Hill, A. M. (2019, June 18). Making college affordable by

improving aid

"Making College Affordable by Improving Aid Policy" By Bridget Terry Long is an article that

touches on Financial aid on the flaws that it has when addressing students and people who

aren't informed on how it works. some students “don’t enter college because of inadequate

information and rising costs, combined with a confusing financial aid system.” Financial aid can

dramatically reduce the overall cost of college, many students still have significant unmet needs.

The financial aid system is imperfect, but years of research have demonstrated that students'

postsecondary decisions are influenced by financial aid. This article is credible because Dr.

Bridget Terry Long has worked in this system and deals with students and understands how

everything works. Dr. Bridget Terry Long received her Ph.D. from Harvard University. A

transition to higher education and beyond is one of her main areas of study as an economist.
College student outcomes are examined by her research on factors such as affordability and

academic preparation.

Fry, R., & Cilluffo, A. (2020, May 30). A rising share of undergraduates are from poor families,

especially at less selective colleges. Pew Research Center's Social & Demographic Trends

Project.

"A Rising Share of Undergraduates Are From Poor Families, Especially at Less Selective

Colleges" is an article by By Richard Fry And Anthony Cilluffo that talks about the number of

undergraduates that are attending college and the percentage of them that are from

lower-income families. Undergraduates today are more likely to borrow to pay for college

expenses. As the ranks of poor and near-poor students have grown and the share of

higher-income students has held steady. This article is credible because both authors have a

reliable background. Richard Fry is a senior researcher at Pew Research Center. He has

extensive expertise in analyzing U.S. Census Bureau and other federal data collections. Fry

received his doctorate in economics from the University of Michigan. Anthony Cilluffo received

his bachelor’s degrees in economics and political science from the University of South Florida.

He worked as a research assistant at Pew Research Center, studying income and wealth

inequality, educational attainment, student loans, and demographic trends.

Dynarski, S., Dynarski, S., Komro, S. M. and K., Markowitz, S., & Komro, K. (2019, March 17).

Breaking barriers to college for high-achieving, low-income students. Econofact.

"Breaking Barriers to College for High-Achieving, Low-Income Students" By Susan, Dynarski is

an article that goes over students living in lower-income areas and how that affects their

likelihood to apply to college. Students don't believe they can afford college and are intimidated

because of the cost. Many students around the world aren't informed about the resources that

are offered to help them achieve their dream of higher education. Low-income students often do
not apply to these more selective schools because they are uncertain about whether they are

suitable for an elite school. This article is reliable because the author is a professor who has

studied the education system for many years and understands the in and outs. Susan, Dynarski

professor at The University of Michigan. Professor of public policy, education, and economics.

Research focuses on the effectiveness of charter schools, the optimal design of financial aid