Sentence Patterns Review

Sentence Structures
Sentence Structures 1 .............................................................................................................................. 2

Sentence Structures 1 Quiz ..................................................................................................................... 4
Sentence Structures 1 Quiz Answers ...................................................................................................... 5
Sentence Structures 2 .............................................................................................................................. 6
Sentence Structures 2 Quiz ..................................................................................................................... 8
Sentence Structures 2 Quiz Answers ...................................................................................................... 9
Sentence Structures 3 ............................................................................................................................ 10
Sentence Structures 2 Quiz ................................................................................................................... 12
Sentence Structures 2 Quiz Answers .................................................................................................... 13
Sentence Structures 4 ............................................................................................................................ 14
Sentence Structures 4 Quiz ................................................................................................................... 16
Sentence Structures 4 Quiz Answers .................................................................................................... 17
Sentence Structures 1 Review ............................................................................................................... 18
Sentence Structures 1 Review Answers ................................................................................................ 20
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Sentence Structures 1
Sentence Type 1: Subject + Verb
The simplest English sentence has a subject and a verb. The subject is generally a noun or pronoun, or
a group of words around a noun.
• James jumped.
The subject is ‘James’ (a noun). The verb is ‘jumped’.
Sentence Type 2: Subject + Verb + Object
The second type of sentence has a subject, a verb and an object. Both the subject and the object are
generally nouns or pronouns.
• I am eating the cake.
The subject is ‘I’ (a pronoun), the verb is ‘am eating’, and the object is ‘the cake’.
Sentence Type 3: Subject + Linking Verb + Complement
The third type of sentence has a subject, a linking verb and a complement. The complement is often
an adjective or a noun.
• You are a teacher.
The subject is ‘you’, the verb is ‘are’ and the complement is ‘a teacher’.
• Lucy is hungry.
The subject is ‘Lucy’, the verb is ‘is’ and the complement is ‘hungry’ (an adjective).
Declarative sentences
All of these sentence types can be declarative (where the subject is in front of the verb) or questions
(where the first part of the verb is before the subject).
Declarative sentences can be positive (or we sometimes say 'affirmative') or negative (with 'not' and
sometimes with 'do').
• I am eating the cake (declarative positive)
• I am not eating the cake (declarative negative)
• Am I eating the cake? (question)
Sentence Structures 1 Quiz
1. We looked at three types of sentences today: sentence type 1 is subject + __________
2. We looked at three types of sentences today: sentence type 2 is subject + verb + __________
3. We looked at three types of sentences today: sentence type 3 is subject + linking verb +
__________
4. A subject is usually a pronoun or a __________
5. An object is usually a noun or a __________
6. A complement is often a noun or an __________
7. A sentence can be a declarative or a __________
8. A declarative sentence can be positive or __________
9. David is arriving. Which word is the subject?
10. She ate an ice cream. Is the subject a noun or a pronoun?
11. The dog dropped the ball. Which words are the object?
12. I am happy. Is the verb a linking verb?
13. She is cold. Is the complement an adjective or a noun?
14. Students love coffee. Which word is the object?
15. They are teachers. Is the complement an adjective or a noun?
16. She left. Which word is the verb?
Sentence Structures 1 Quiz Answers
1. verb
2. object
3. complement
4. noun
5. pronoun
6. adjective
7. question
8. negative
9. David
10. a pronoun
11. the ball
12. yes (we know because 'happy' is an adjective)
13. an adjective
14. coffee
15. a noun
16. left
So far, we have talked only about simple sentences. Simple sentences have only one clause. A subject
and a verb together make up a clause.
(Remember, in English we always need a subject. We can't drop the subject like we can in some other
languages.)
We can make simple sentences more interesting and give more information in lots of different ways.
Basic sentences:
• Students drink coffee.
• Girls are happy.
We can add articles to the nouns.
• The students drink the coffee.
• The girls are happy.
We can add adjectives to the nouns.
• The tired students drink hot coffee.
• The young girls are happy.
We can add prepositional phrases.
• The tired students with the heavy books drink coffee.
• The young girls in the red dresses are happy.
We can add an auxiliary (or ‘helping’) verb.
• The tired students are drinking coffee.
• The tired students could drink coffee.
• The tired students have been drinking coffee.
• The young girls might be happy.
• The young girls could be happy.
• The young girls will be happy.
We can add an adverb or an adverb phrase.
• The tired students are drinking coffee now.
• The tired students are drinking coffee slowly.
• The young girls are very happy.
• The young girls are happy at the moment.
These sentences are all still simple sentences with only one clause even though we have added more
information.
1. The students drink the coffee. Where are the articles?
2. The tired students drink hot coffee. Where are the adjectives?
3. The young girls in the red dresses are happy. Where is the prepositional phrase?
4. The tired students with the heavy books drink coffee. Where is the prepositional phrase?
5. The young girls will be happy. Where is the auxiliary verb?
6. The tired students are drinking coffee. Where is the auxiliary verb?
7. The young girls are happy at the moment. Where is the adverb phrase?
8. The tired students are drinking coffee slowly. Where is the adverb?
1. the, the
2. tired, hot
3. in the red dresses
4. with the heavy books
5. will
6. are
7. at the moment
8. slowly
Compound Subjects and Verbs
In simple sentences, we can have more than one subject and one verb. Look at this example:
• The tired students and the tired teachers drink coffee.
Above, we have two subjects, but they are both connected to the same verb. So, this is still a simple
sentence with only one clause. It goes subject + subject + verb.
How about this one?
• The tired students drink coffee and eat cake.
Here we have two verbs, but they are both talking about the same subject. This is an example of a
compound verb. It goes subject + verb + verb.
We can have a compound subject and a compound verb together. This is still only one clause. All the
subjects come before all the verbs. It goes subject + subject + verb + verb.
• The tired students and the tired teachers drink coffee and eat cake.
Compound sentences
We can join two main clauses together. This is called a compound sentence. In this case, there is one
main clause followed by another main clause. It goes subject + verb + subject + verb.
• The tired students drink coffee and the tired teachers eat cake.
We can use connecting words to join the two (or more) main clauses together.
The connecting words we use are: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. (Sometimes we remember these
words using the word 'FANBOYS', which is made of the first letter of each of the connecting words.)
• The tired students drink coffee, so the tired teachers eat cake.
• The girls are happy, but the boys are sad.
1. The boys and the girls like sweets. This simple sentence has more than one __________
2. The boys eat and drink. This simple sentence has more than one _________
3. The boys and the girls eat and drink. Is this a simple or a compound sentence?
4. The boys eat and the girls drink. Is this a simple or a compound sentence?
5. To make a compound sentence, we join two or more _________ clauses.
6. To make a compound sentence, we use a connecting word. What is a way to remember the
seven connecting words?
1. subject
2. verb
3. simple (it's subject + subject + verb + verb)
4. compound (it's subject + verb + subject + verb)
5. main (or independent)
6. FANBOYS (= for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
Remember, simple sentences must have a subject and a verb. A subject and a verb together make up a
clause. An independent (or 'main') clause makes sense on its own.
Subordinate clauses
As well as main (or independent) clauses, we can also use subordinate (or dependent) clauses. A
subordinate clause can’t be a sentence on its own, even though it has a subject and a verb, because it
doesn't make proper sense on its own.
We can add use subordinate clauses to add more information to sentences in different ways.
1: We can add a relative clause to the subject or object. A relative clause must follow its noun. It's
made up of a relative pronoun (who, which, that, where, whose, whom) and a clause. The relative
pronoun can be the subject or object of the clause.
• The tired students are drinking coffee, which they bought at the coffee shop. (The relative
clause is about the object 'coffee'.)
• The tired students, who have been awake all night, are drinking coffee. (The relative clause is
about the subject 'the tired students'.)
2: We can add a dependent clause with a connecting word like 'because' to the sentence. A dependent
clause with a connecting word can go before or after the main clause.
• The tired students are drinking coffee because they have been awake all night.
• Because they have been awake all night, the tired students are drinking coffee.
Here are some more connecting words: since, so that, although, whereas, if, when, before, as, until.
1. To add more information to a simple sentence, we can add a ___________ clause or a
____________ clause.
2. Can we use a subordinate or relative clause on its own?
3. A relative clause needs to follow its _________
4. We can add a relative clause to the subject or the ____________ of the sentence.
5. Relative clauses need a relative ___________ at the beginning.
6. Can you think of some relative pronouns?
7. To add subordinate clause, we use a _____________ word.
8. What are some connecting words?
1. relative, subordinate
2. no
3. noun
4. object
5. pronoun
6. who / whom / which / that / whose / where
7. connecting
8. because / since / so that / although / whereas / if / when / before / as / until
Sentence Structures 1 Review
1. The first simple sentence type we talked about was subject + __________
2. The second simple sentence type we talked about was subject + linking verb + ___________
3. The third sentence type we talked about was subject + verb + _________
4. A sentence can be a __________ or a question.
5. A declarative sentence can be positive or ___________
6. Students drink coffee. Where is the subject?
7. Girls are happy. Where is the complement?
8. Students drink coffee. Where is the verb?
9. Girls are happy. Is 'are' a linking verb?
10. Students drink coffee. Where is the object?
11. Girls are happy. Where is the noun?
1. Children love ice cream. Where is the subject?

2. He is handsome. Where is the complement?
3. Children love ice cream. Where is the verb?
4. He is handsome. Is 'is' a linking verb?
5. Children love ice cream. Where is the object?
6. He is handsome. Where is the pronoun?
7. A child loves ice cream. Where is the article?
8. The hot children love cool ice cream. Where are the adjectives?
9. The hot children with the red faces love ice cream. Where is the prepositional phrase?
10. He could be handsome. Where is the auxiliary verb?
11. The children love ice cream very much. Where is the adverb phrase?
1. The children and the adults dance. This simple sentence has more than one __________
2. The children dance and sing. This simple sentence has more than one _________
3. The children and the adults dance and sing. Is this a simple or a compound sentence?
4. The children dance and the adults sing. Is this a simple or a compound sentence?
5. To make a compound sentence, we join two or more _________ clauses.
6. To make a compound sentence, we use a connecting word. What is a way to remember the
seven connecting words?
Sentence Structures 4: Review
1. To add more information to a simple sentence, we can add a ___________ clause or a

____________ clause.
2. The tired students are drinking coffee, which they bought at the coffee shop. Is the relative
clause about the subject or the object?
3. The tired students, who have been awake all night, are drinking coffee. Is the relative clause
about the subject or the object?
4. Can we use a subordinate or relative clause on its own?
5. A relative clause needs to follow its _________
6. The tired students, who have been awake all night, are drinking coffee. Where is the relative
pronoun?
7. The tired students are drinking coffee, which they bought at the coffee shop. Where is the
relative pronoun?
8. The tired students are drinking coffee because they have been awake all night. Where is the
connecting word?
9. A subordinate clause with a connecting word can usually go before or ___________ the main
clause.
Sentence Structures 1 Review Answers
1. verb
2. complement
3. object
4. declarative
5. negative
6. students
7. happy
8. drink
9. Yes
10. coffee
11. girls
1. children
2. handsome
3. love
4. Yes
5. ice cream
6. he
7. a
8. hot, cool
9. with the red faces
10. could
11. very much
1. subject
2. verb
3. simple (it's subject + subject + verb + verb)
4. compound (it's subject + verb + subject + verb)
5. main (or independent)
6. FANBOYS (= for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
1. relative, subordinate
2. the object (coffee)
3. the subject (the tired students)
4. no
5. noun
6. who
7. which
8. because
9. after

Sentence Patterns Review

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Sentence Structures

Sentence Structures 1 .............................................................................................................................. 2

Sentence Type 1: Subject + Verb

The subject is ‘James’ (a noun). The verb is ‘jumped’.

Sentence Type 2: Subject + Verb + Object

• I am eating the cake.

Sentence Type 3: Subject + Linking Verb + Complement

• You are a teacher.

(where the first part of the verb is before the subject).

sometimes with 'do').

• I am eating the cake (declarative positive)

• I am not eating the cake (declarative negative)

• Am I eating the cake? (question)

1. We looked at three types of sentences today: sentence type 1 is subject + __________

4. A subject is usually a pronoun or a __________

5. An object is usually a noun or a __________

6. A complement is often a noun or an __________

7. A sentence can be a declarative or a __________

8. A declarative sentence can be positive or __________

9. David is arriving. Which word is the subject?

10. She ate an ice cream. Is the subject a noun or a pronoun?

12. I am happy. Is the verb a linking verb?

13. She is cold. Is the complement an adjective or a noun?

14. Students love coffee. Which word is the object?

15. They are teachers. Is the complement an adjective or a noun?

16. She left. Which word is the verb?

11. the ball

12. yes (we know because 'happy' is an adjective)

and a verb together make up a clause.

• Students drink coffee.

• Girls are happy.

We can add articles to the nouns.

• The students drink the coffee.

• The girls are happy.

We can add adjectives to the nouns.

• The tired students drink hot coffee.

• The young girls are happy.

• The tired students with the heavy books drink coffee.

• The young girls in the red dresses are happy.

We can add an auxiliary (or ‘helping’) verb.

• The tired students are drinking coffee.

• The tired students could drink coffee.

• The tired students have been drinking coffee.

• The young girls might be happy.

• The young girls could be happy.

• The young girls will be happy.

We can add an adverb or an adverb phrase.

• The tired students are drinking coffee now.

• The tired students are drinking coffee slowly.

• The young girls are very happy.

• The young girls are happy at the moment.

1. The students drink the coffee. Where are the articles?

5. The young girls will be happy. Where is the auxiliary verb?

3. in the red dresses

4. with the heavy books

Compound Subjects and Verbs

• The tired students and the tired teachers drink coffee.

sentence with only one clause. It goes subject + subject + verb.

How about this one?

• The tired students drink coffee and eat cake.

compound verb. It goes subject + verb + verb.

• The girls are happy, but the boys are sad.

5. To make a compound sentence, we join two or more _________ clauses.

seven connecting words?