Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INTRODUCTION
Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on the Linux Kernel and designed
primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Android’s user interface is mainly
based on direct manipulation, using touch gestures that loosely correspond to real-world actions, such as swiping,
tapping and pinching, to manipulate on-screen objects, along with a virtual keyboard for text input. In addition to
touchscreen devices, Google has further developed Android TV for televisions, Android Auto for cars, and
Android wear for wrist watches, each with a specialized user interface. Variants of Android are also use on
notebooks, game consoles, digital cameras, and other electronics.
Initially developed by Android Inc., which Google bought in 2005, Android was unveiled in 2007, along
with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance –a consortium of hardware, software, and telecommunication
companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices. Beginning with the first commercial Android
device in September 2008, the OS has gone through multiple major releases, with the current version being 8.0
“Oreo”, released August 2017. Android applications (“apps”) can be downloaded from the Google Play Store,
which features over 3.5 million apps as of December 2017. Android has been the best-selling OS on tables since
2013, and runs on the vast majority of smartphones. In May 2017, Android had over 2 billion monthly active
users, and it has the largest installed base of any OS.
Android’s source code is released by Google under an open source license, although most android devices
ultimately ship with a combination of free and open source and proprietary software, including proprietary
software required for accessing Google services. Android is popular with technology companies that required for
accessing Google services. Android is popular with technology companies that require a ready-mate, low-cost
and customizable OS system for high-tech devices. Its open nature has encouraged a large community of
developers and enthusiasts to use the open-source code as a foundation for community-driven projects, which
deliver updates to older devices, add new features for advanced users or bring Android to devise originally shipped
with other OS.
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1.2 Literature survey:
[2] Online Farming Based On Embedded Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks:
This paper implements zigbee based wireless sensor network in agriculture such as monitoring of
environmental conditions like weather, soil moisture content, soil temperature, soil fertility, weed detection, water
level, monitoring growth of t hecrop, precision agriculture, automated irrigation facility and storage of
agricultural products.
[4] Web Services Mobile Application for Geographically Dispersed Crop Farmers:
This paper presents a mobile application called MobiCrop that aids crop farmers in the application of
pesticides. The requirement of the application is to have a monitoring station where updates are constantly being
pushed to the farmers who are geographically dispersed.
The preliminary evaluation of the proposed system shows high performance boost especially with the content
management and cache control, as well as the reduction of data across the bandwidth.
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1.3 Need:
Android OS is the latest platform and its share in the market in growing at a rapid pace. Android devices
have got a tremendous response from the users. One of the most important features of Android is the integration
of other Google products and services into the platform. Devices base on Android OS lets user synchronize the
Google account with the device thus letting user an easy access to Google services like Gmail, Google Calendar,
Google Maps and Google Docs etc.
In this rapidly growing platform, applications are made or being made for some or the other reasons, need
or to resolve any problem. So, for the same particular need or problem, there is no such application which
integrates features for farmers like selling their crops, knowing the proper selling amount of his crops etc.
Farmer Hub is an Android application which can be used for selling the farmers crop, knowing proper selling
amount of crops, and they will be directly connected to Bazar Samiti.
The main objective of this project is to build a platform for farmers to sell their product and
track the sale. This platform is flexible which can maneuver the customer-farmer relationship in an
effective manner. Farmer will get unique interface where they can avail everything right from learning
to the market information.
It would be much easier, reliable and convenient for the farmers for their crops.
It also makes the selling process much easier for the farmers, consuming less time and human work. It
also has some extra feature like interested in farmers, sending mgs and updates to all the users related to Bazar
Samiti etc.
1.4 Aim:
The main aim was to develop an android application for help farmers to ensure greater profitability through
direct. For this software the farmer can have their own online application to provide a new way to their farming
purpose. The application was required to provide convenience to farmer to farmer, farmer to customer &
farmer to dealer communication. The application is mainly used for selling farmer’s products.
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1.5 Background of project:
Our android application aims to achieve the target to design an application that can provide the following
functionality:
a. Develop an android application that will act as a source of Farmers for their use.
b. Develop an application which makes the farmers to sell their crops without moving somewhere and loss
there time.
c. Develop an application which reduces human work and consumes less time.
An android smartphone and the technology of android is vast and can be used to interact with interfaces in
any way. Mobile, Tablets are the on-going technologies which can be used for the benefit of mankind.
A server is also developed to share the resources from the database to all the other Android phones using
the application. Lastly, an Android application for the sake of users where they can sell and get the right amount
of their crops at one place.
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CHAPTER NO: 2
GOALS & OBJECTIVES
2.1 Purpose:
The main aim was to develop an android application for help farmers to ensure greater profitability through
direct. For this software the farmer can have their own online application to provide a new way to their farming
purpose. The application was required to provide convenience to farmer to farmer, farmer to customer &
farmer to dealer communication. The application is mainly used for selling farmer’s products.
2.2 Scope:
This application has Sample of scope in future, as one can add various
Features in this application like add:
1) This functional application software is about the selling farmer’s product to farmer.
2) Farmer take right cost of his product.
3) Provide right platform to the farmers for put his product in market.
4) Temperature and humidity then crop name will be display in application.
2.4 Goals:
User friendly system.
Android phones are easily available for each user; hence this application is useful to every person to all
facility related farming.
Easily access to all facility of Farmer’s product.
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2.6 Front-end and Back-end Selection:
Front-end: JAVA and XML, My-SQL.
Back –end: Biz.nf.
In this rapidly growing platform, applications are made or being made for some or the other
resolves any problem.
So, for the same particular need or problem, there is no such application for selling a farmer
crops and other things in market. This is beneficial for user.
In this, it also makes the selling process much easier for farmer by providing less complexity,
consuming less time and human work. It is also great source of providing all necessary information
about the product like (cost in various markets etc.).
Risk analysis and management are a series of steps that help a software team to understand and
manage uncertainty. Many problems can plague a software project .A risk is a potential problem in might
happen, it might not. But regardless of the outcome, it’s a really good idea to identify it, assess its
probability of occurrences, estimate is impact, and establish contingency plan should the problem actually
occur.
Recognizing what can go wrong is the first step, called “Risk Identification”. ”Next, each risk is
analysed to determine the likelihood that it will occur and damage that kit will do if it does occur. Once
this information is established, risks are ranked, by probability and impact. Finally, a plan is developed to
manage risk with high probability and high impact.
When this are analysed, it is important to quantify the level of uncertainty and the degree of loss associated
with each risk.
To accomplish this, different categories of risk are considered. Project risk threatens the project
plan. That is, if project risk become real, it is likely that project schedule will slip and that cost will be
increased. Technical risk threatens the quality and timelines of the software to be produce. If a technical
risk becomes reality implementation may become difficult or impossible.
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CHAPTER NO: 3
ECONOMIC CONSIDERATION AND IMPORTANT PARAMETERS
Economic feasibility looks at the financial aspects of the project. Economic feasibility concerns with the
returns from the investments in a project.
To carry out an economic feasibility for a system, it is necessary to place actual money value against any
purchases or activities needed to implement the project.
The organization plans to acquire the necessary hardware and software requires for the system and there
is no hindrance whether economical or otherwise towards its purchase.
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CHAPTER NO: 4
SYSTEM REQUIREMENT
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CHAPTER NO: 5
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Feasibility study the assign project is analysed, information about project participants is collected, and
the requirements for the system are gathered and analysed. During the feasibility stage, the project’s goals,
parameters and restraints are agreed and a conceptual problem solution is prepared .Four key Consideration are
involved in the feasibility analysis.
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CHAPTER NO: 6
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CHAPTER NO: 7
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
Mobile communications technology has quickly become the world’s most common way of transmitting
voice, data, and services in the developing world. Given this dramatic change, mobile applications (m-apps) in
general and mobile applications for agricultural and rural development (m-ARD apps) in particular hold
significant potential for advancing development.
They could provide the most affordable ways for millions of people to access information, markets,
finance, and governance systems previously unavailable to them.
With mobile handsets being used in nearly every country and community, the development of applications
for them offers uses that extend well beyond voice and text communications.
Mobile applications for agricultural and rural development (m-ARD apps) could provide the most
economic, practical, and accessible routes to information, markets, governance, and finance for millions of people
who have been excluded from their use.
Android (operating system) Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google. It is based on a
modified version of the Linux kernel and other open source software, and is designed primarily for touchscreen
mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets
Android Studio is the official integrated development environment for Google's Android operating
system, built on Jet Brains' IntelliJ IDEA software and designed specifically for Android development.
It is available for download on Windows, macOS and Linux based operating systems
SQL is a domain-specific language used in programming and designed for managing data held in a
relational database management system, or for stream processing in a relational data stream management system.
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CHAPTER NO: 8
FLOW OF SYSTEM
8.1 ER Diagram:
ER Diagram stands for Entity Relationship Diagram, also known as ERD is a diagram that displays the
relationship of entity sets stored in a database. In other words, ER diagrams help to explain the logical structure
of databases. ER diagrams are created based on three basic concepts: entities, attributes and relationships.ER
Diagrams contain different symbols that use rectangles to represent entities, ovals to define attributes and
diamond shapes to represent relationships.
At first look, an ER diagram looks very similar to the flowchart. However, ER Diagram includes many
specialized symbols, and its meanings make this model unique. The purpose of ER Diagram is to represent the
entity framework infrastructure. An entity–relationship model (or ER model) describes interrelated things of
interest in a specific domain of knowledge. A basic ER model is composed of entity types (which classify the
things of interest) and specifies relationships that can exist between entities (instances of those entity types).
• Bazar Samiti Entity: Attributes of Bazar Samiti are password and username.
• Product Entity: Attributes of Product are fruit, vegetable, flower and weight.
Farmer Entity: Attributes of Farmer are username, add, productname and weight.
o The details of Username is store into the Username tables respective with all tables
o Each entity (Permission, Login, Change Password. Password, Username) contains primary key and unique
keys. . The entity Login, Change Password has binded with Username, Password entities with foreign key
o There is one-to-one and one-to-many relationships available between Change Password, Permission,
Username
o All the entities Username, Change Password, Login, Permission are normalized and reduce duplicity of
records We have Implemented Indexing on each tables of Login System tables for fast query execution.
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Fig No: 1 ER Diagram
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8.2 Data Flow Diagram:
8.2.1 DFD 1:
A data flow diagram shows the way information flows through a process or system. It includes data
inputs and outputs, data stores, and the various sub processes the data moves through. DFDs are built using
standardized symbols and notation to describe various entities and their relationships.
Data flow diagrams visually represent systems and processes that would be hard to describe in a chunk
of text. You can use these diagrams to map out an existing system and make it better or to plan out a new
system for implementation. Visualizing each element makes it easy to identify inefficiencies and produce the
best possible system.
In the Fig No: 2, we can see that there are three entities Admin, Farmer Bazar samiti members. They all
are connected to each other through the main application ‘Bazar Samiti’.
Admin can do many things they have the full control over the application and similarly they have access
to add Bazar Samiti members.
Farmers can also login using their account and see product type different crop growing methods and
many more one of them is adding product rates, they can also have access to different crop treatment method.
Bazar Samiti members can check every crop that is available on the application and can buy that crop
through the application and also can see product rates.
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8.2.2 DFD 2:
A data flow diagram shows the way information flows through a process or system. It includes data
inputs and outputs, data stores, and the various sub processes the data moves through. DFDs are built using
standardized symbols and notation to describe various entities and their relationships.
Data flow diagrams visually represent systems and processes that would be hard to describe in a chunk
of text. You can use these diagrams to map out an existing system and make it better or to plan out a new
system for implementation. Visualizing each element makes it easy to identify inefficiencies and produce the
best possible system.
In the Fig No: 3, we can see that there are four entities Admin, Farmer, Bazar samiti members and
database. They all are connected to each other through the main application ‘Bazar Samiti’.
Admin can do many things they have the full control over the application and similarly they have access
to register Bazar Samiti members, in order to be admin you have to register as admin and then you will be
added as admin after completion of registration.
Farmers can also login using their account and see product type different crop growing methods and
many more one of them is adding product rates, they can also have access to different crop treatment method,
admin can register them or they can register themselves.
Bazar Samiti members can check every crop that is available on the application and they have access to
buy that crop through the application and also have access to product rates.
Database is used to store user name, password, product rates and user activities and can be updated.
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CHAPTER NO: 9
APPLICATIONS
9.1 Applications:
The primary attribute of this application will be usability given the large amounts of data and information
that will be presented on such a small screen, as well as the user’s ability to input data the device in reasonable
manner that should not be that much more difficult than if they were at an actual computer. As usability is hard
to quantify, substantial user testing will be needed and feedback gathered in order to determine if the application
can generally be considered usable.
Because this application will be on a phone, portability is also important. We don’t want it to take up so
much space or be too slow causing the user’s to not be able to fit it on the device.
Interoperability is something that is specifically not important, at least at the beginning. The Android
device is being used because both of its popularity and the ability for the code to be open-source. This is in contrast
to other phones, like the iPhone, which would not allow for open source application development and would go
against the goals of the overall project. However, in the ability to use this on other phones that support the goals
of the projects would be nice, but that is also outside of the scope of this project.
Easy access to all of Agriculture Products and reports from a quick view dashboard.
Multi-user access from any and all devices that connect to the Internet.
Easy Purchase with less time and less delivery time
More choices. Customers not only have a whole range of products that they can choose
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CHAPTER NO: 10
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
10.1 Advantages:
The main advantage of this app is to save customer’s time and efforts. This will be implemented by using
the Android Studio which will help application for implementing the features.
10.2 Disadvantages:
1. Need of internet.
2. No instant gratification.
3. No ability to touch and see a product.
4. Can only be run on Android Operating System.
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CHAPTER NO: 11
SOFTWARE TESTING
Sr.
No Result
Input Expected
Test Case Procedure Result Obtained Status
Enter all
2. details of Add Bazar Pass
Add Bazar Samiti Bazar Samiti Samiti Add Bazar
member member member Samiti member
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11.2 Test cases of Farmer Module:
Table No 2. Test Case – Farmer Module
Sr. No
Input Expected Result
Test Case Procedure Result Obtained Status
1. Enter Pass
personal Registration Registration
Registration details in application successfully
Click on
Product
Interested weight and Product details
3. Add product details button name add add successfully Pass
Sr. No
Input Expected Result
Test Case Procedure Result Obtained Status
Add
1. Data add Pass
information
Insert data Enter details in database successfully
Information
2. Search data Data Access Pass
Access from
Access data Information database successfully
Information
Delete
3. Pass
Delete data information delete
Delete data Information in database successfully
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CHAPTER NO: 12
FINAL RESULT – PROJECT SNAPSHOTS
12.1 Menu Page:
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Fig No: 6 Menu Page
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CHAPTER NO: 13
FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
Sound detection in login order sign same app for multiple languages or create an app with online fruits
shop like other cloths sites. In future we will add the few modules for better improvement of the project such as,
real-time chat bot option for user and farmer, so that user can directly inquiry theirs problem on any time through
the chat bot.
In this thesis, optimization algorithm has been implemented in order to place these sensor nodes in the
agricultural field. The exact placement of these nodes in order to cover the entire given agricultural field area has
been carried out.
The placement of these sensor nodes becomes very challenging in the agricultural fields when surrounded
by different types of vegetation, because of scattering effect of the wireless signal. In this thesis, this problem is
considered and placements of sensor nodes are discussed with different vegetation.
The objective of the thesis was not to examine the safety and reliability of the sensor nodes employed in
the field. In future the system can be included with more number of sensors like metal and sound sensors in order
to make the agricultural field intrusion free. In future the same system can also be developed to sense the amount
of nutrients required and to supply the same in correct quantities.
A detailed study of effect of foliage surrounding plants on scattering of the wireless signals can be carried
out so as to decrease the number of extra nodes.
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CHAPTER NO: 14
CONCLUSION
The old manual system was suffering from a series of drawbacks. The present project has been developed
to meet the aspirations indicated in the modern age. Through the developed project, anyone can visualize the
effectiveness and efficiency in the real life. It is very helpful for computerization or doing automation of a personal
information management system. This Program helps reduce the manual method and stress which is done by a
person and that is time consuming and lengthy process. With this application user’s information are stored very
efficiently in a secured database. This product is to sell the farmer crops, get the right amount of their product.
The benefits of this project to users are, it will save their time, and it is reliable, it is also an All-In-One application
for farmers. This will save the memory space of the smartphones of the users. The android application also offer
some extra feature to the users like interested in Farmer’s hub, sending messages and updates to all the users
related to Bazar Samiti etc. The android application stores the user’s data to biz.nf, which is very secure. It
provides the database to user’s information like User Name, Phone Number, address etc. Biz.NF is very secured
database as compare to other databases.This application also shows farmers different and better crop production
methods to grow crops. This application also shows different crop treatment methods.
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REFERNCES
[2] KalyaniKhodaskar Virtual Fruits Market – “An Application for Farmer 2015 Fifth International Conference
on Communication Systems and Network Technologies”.
[3] “K.Sathishkannan, G.Thilagavathi” – “Online Farming Based On Embedded Systems and Wireless Sensor
Networks 2013 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy, Information and Communication
(TCCPEIC)”.
[4] Sneha Patil – “Animal, Vegetable and Miracle: A Year of Food Life (Kindle Edition)” vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 19–
37, 2012.
[5] Rafael Johnson – “The Unsettling of America: Culture and Agriculture (Paperback)” vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 40–
56, 2015.
[6] Joaani Joshi – “The Botany of Desire: A Plant's-Eye View of the World (Kindle Edition)” vol. 1, no. 2, pp.
24–35, 2008.
[7] John Horton – “Android Programming for Beginners: Book Start Your Android Programming” vol. 2, no. 4,
pp. 1–47, 2017.
14.3 Websites:
[1]. www.agricoop.nic.in
[2]. www.wikipedia.org
[3]. www.google.com
[4]. www.agmarketnet.nic.in
[5]. www.krishiworld.com
[6]. https://data.gov.in/catalog/district-wise-season-wise-crop-production-statistics
[7]. http://agmarknet.dac.gov.in/
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