IELTS Listening

Test 1
Section 1
Complete the table below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS/ OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Rooms Facilities Providing Price Problem

3 Bedrooms, a
Example: Internet & Garden: Too big to
bathroom and a $ (1)
Restaurants Utilities clean up
living room
3 Bedrooms, a (2) Shared living Due to shared
Living room and
________, and a room, bathroom, $400/$340 facilities, it seems
Furniture
living room kitchen and (3) (4)
2 Bedrooms, a living Sometimes a little
(5) (6) $600
room, and a study bit (7)
A bedroom, a living
room, a study and a (8) (9) $500 Without (10)
dining hall

Section 2
Complete the form below.
Write ONE WORD/ OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Waste sorting, collection, and disposal

Necessary characteristics of dustbins: Solid and (11)

Three Kinds:
Recyclable garbage (blue or green bin)
Waste Sorting Unrecyclable garbage (yellow bin)
Toxic waste (Red bin)
Commercial Waste Collection:
It mainly refers to (12) ____________waste
Waste Collection
Warning signs state not to (13) ____________blue/green bins
Those (14) ____________Metals will cause environmental pollution
Waste Disposal Household Waste Collection:
All kitchen garbage should be put into a (15) ____________bag.
The garbage disposal plant is situated in an (16) ____________ space
or field.
The waste is disposed of at least once every (17) ____________
The dustbin should be cleared at night because of (18) ____________
The waste is mainly produced by (19) ____________industry, retail,
and offices.
 Please do not dispose of (20) ____________ in any of the bins.
Section 3
Complete the sentences below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Q. 21-24
21. The research topic should come from one of the headings in the ____________
22. At least one once reference needs to be from ____________
23. The data Julie found on past experiments is in ____________
24. Ricky has pointed out that aside from journals, he can also use ____________ about scientific
experiments.
Q. 25-30
Complete the table below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/ OR A NUMBER for each answer.

The format of papers

25 ____________
26 ____________
27 ____________
28 ____________ corner
29 ____________ pixels wide
30 ____________

Section 4
Q. 31-38
Complete the sentences below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
31. This paper pertains to one major concern about water for people everywhere that is a _______
source of water.
32. Australia is a dry continent thus water is very ____________
33. We utilise the most water for ____________
34. We discover the purest form of water in rivers, creeks and ____________
35. Rainfall is a useful source of water unless there is a significant ____________
36. People in the West wish the water to be ____________
37. Water is highly prone to ____________
38. In the home, one of the most important uses of water is for ____________

Q. 39-40
Choose the correct answers A-C and write them next to 39-40 on your answer sheet
39. The mechanisms for water management are.
A. inadequate
B. nearly adequate
C. admirable
40. The government’s 1989 White Paper ______
A. caused a concern
B. is unreliable
C. is inconclusive

Test 2
Section 1
Q. 1-4
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
HOUSE SERVICE INFORMATION 
Location: (1) _________London
Postcode: (2) __________
Rooms: two (3) _________ Bedrooms
The other room used as: an (4) _________
Downstairs: kitchen-diner, conservatory, and (5)_________
Pets: (6) _________
Q. 7-9
Choose the correct answers A-C and write them next to 7-9 on your answer sheet
7. Which of these extra services does the agent agree to do?
A. Change the bed linen
B. Do some gardening work
C. Clean the glass
8. What does the customer want to be cleaned every 3 months?
A. Curtains
B. Carpets
C. Mats
9. What does the customer want to be done with clothes?
A. Wash and iron the clothes
B. Iron the clothes
C. Clean and dry the clothes
Q. 10-12
Complete the sentences below.
Write ONE WORD/OR NUMBER for each answer.
10. The Agent’s address is 12_________ Road.
11. Her house will get cleaned next _________
12. The maximum time of cleaning service is_________
Section 2
Q. 13-19
Choose the correct answers A-C and write them next to 13-19on your answer sheet
13. The main purpose of service is to 
A. Educate people
B. Persuade people to fly
C. Provide people with comfort
14. The number of people working at Sydney Airport is
A. 200
B. 360
C. 440
15. Dogs are chosen according to
A. their ability to stay calm
B. their friendliness
C. their skill at locating narcotics
16. The number of postal items processed last year amounted to
A. 4,400
B. 52,000
C. 72,000
17. People carrying items that are not allowed
A. Will get arrested
B. Will be refused on board
C. Will be given a warning
18. Which of the following is NOT allowed to be taken on the flight?
A. Carry-on items
B. Plant seeds
C. Parcels 
19. What is the proper security protocol for a pocket knife found in a carry-on suitcase?
A. It is returned to the passenger after the examination.
B. It is thrown away in a safe receptacle.
C. It is passed on to higher-level authorities

Q. 20-22
Complete the sentences below
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
20. The acceptable material for packing goods in Australia is _________
21. The belongings most of the time are refused due to problems with the _________
22. The customs must be given notice of the goods from _________ days before it arrives in
Australia.
Section 3
Q. 23-28

Write the correct letter A - F next to 23-28 on your answer sheet

23 _________ A Video Resource Centre
24 _________ B Reading Room
25 _________
C Food Service Centre
26 _________
D Periodicals Sections
27 _________
E Enquiry Desk
28 _________
F Satellite TV Station

Q. 29-32
Complete the sentences below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
29. If you need to find information on a certain book, you can use _________ check-out cards.
30. If you want to find information in a specific field, use the _________ guides.
31. Computers in some _________ cannot be linked to the network.’
32. You can find more information in a _________ on my desk.
Section 4
Q. 33-37
Choose the correct answers A-C and write them next to 31-35on your answer sheet
33. The students thought there were no crocodiles in Northern Africa because
A. North Africa contains very little wildlife for the crocodile to prey on.
B. She found no mention in the literature of their existence there.
C. there is very little water in Africa.
34. Crocodiles live in groups of about
A. 28
B. 38
C. 46
35. African crocodiles usually live in areas with
A. hot, dry climates.
B. hot, wet rainforests.
C. warm, wet climates.
36. Crocodiles in dry areas live in caves located 
A. underground.
B. in mountainsides.
C. underwater.
37. What change caused changes in crocodile populations in North Africa?
A. They were driven away by a fierce predator.
B. Crocodiles evolved from desert creatures to wetland creatures.
C. North Africa used to be a wetland and slowly turned to a desert in overtime.
Q. 38-42
Complete the sentences below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
38. Desert crocodiles sometimes live in places with dry periods that last up to _________ months.
39. A hole dug by a female crocodile in which to lay eggs can have a _________ of up to 60cm.
40. Local people do not _________ crocodiles.
41. Crocodiles _________ out of fear when humans populate their habitat.
42. Researchers want to study more about population size, _________, and relations to other
populations of crocodiles. 
Test 3
Section 1
Q. 1-5
Complete the form below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Housing officer name Example: John Family name
Cartier Given names
1_________ Nationality
2_________ Student number
3_________ Contact number
4_________ Mobile phone
5________pounds per month (Rent)
Q. 6-10
Complete the sentences with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
6. A bedsitter is a single room with_____________facilities.
7. Susan has to pay__________________, electricity, and water by herself.
8. Most landlords want____________________in advance.
9. Susan must read the contract carefully, especially__________________. .
10. Susan is going to meet her friends __________________.
Section 2
Q. 11-12
Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.
11. What is the name of the university?
12. When did the head librarian start working at the library?
Q. 13-14
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Name two methods of how people found books in the library before the days of computers.
13. ________________
14. _________________
Q. 15-17
Choose the correct answers A-C and write them next to 15-17 on your answer sheet
15. How many computer terminals are there on each floor?
A. 60
B. 15
C. 4
16. John Dewey was _______.
A. a librarian
B. British
C. a philosopher
17. In the Dewey Decimal Classification System, book numbers beginning with 200 are on
_______.

A. Philosophy and Psychology

B. Social Sciences
C. Religion
Q. 18
Answer the question.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS.
18. On what floor are the geography and history books?___________.
Q. 19 – 20
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
List two types of music that are NOT in the library’s CD and DVD collection.
19____________
20____________
Section 3
Q. 21
Answer the question.
Write ONE WORD ONLY.
21. When will their academic supervisor return?_________________
Q. 22-25
Choose the correct answers A-D and write them next to 22-25 on your answer sheet.
22. Mary’s mother probably wanted her to be a(an)
A. Teacher
B. engineer
C. secretary
D. writer
23. What do Jack’s parents blame for their students’ poor English?
A. Computers
B. Computer games
C. Games
D. Their parent
24. How many of Jack’s parents’ students read novels?
A. None
B. Few
C. Very few
D. many
25. Will Jack and Mary take the Latin course?
A. Maybe C. No
B. Yes D. Can’t tell
Q. 26
Answer the question.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS.
26. What does Mary say are useful for a journalist?___________
Q. 27-29
Complete Jack and Mary’s course timetable.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
French 100 History of 28______
9-12 a.m
English
2-5 p.m 27 ______ French 100 29____
Q. 30
Write ONE WORD ONLY for your answer.
30. Name one sport that Jack practices.__________
Section 4
Q. 31
Answer the question below in NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.
31. What is the name of the course?___________
Q. 32 – 33
Complete the sentences with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
32. John Robertson believes everybody wants to take the course because_______.
33. “Everything is connected to everything else.” And the statement ___________ of the course.
Q. 34
Choose the correct answers A-C and write them next to 34 on your answer sheet
34. The contents of the course are
A. focused on one topic
B. diverse
C. very specialized
Q. 35-38
Complete the paragraph with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
The course will be looking at things like 35_________; the loss of, in particular, 36________;
37_______, known as ‘gender benders’ because they can seriously affect the sexual development of
animals; desertification; the serious worldwide problem of overfishing; and the loss of 38_______.
Q. 39 and 40
Choose the correct answers A-C and write them next to 39-40 on your answer sheet.
39. The course will include.
A. sociology
B. mathematics
C. history
40. The basic goal is to develop a model that is.
A. static
B. multifactorial
C. dynamic

Test 4
Section 1
Q. 1-8
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD for each answer.
Self-drive tours in the USA
Example
Name: Andrea Brown
Address: 24 (1) __________ Road
Postcode: (2) _________
Phone: (mobile) (3) _______
Heard about company from: (4) ________
Possible self-drive tours
Trip One:
• Los Angeles: customer wants to visit some (5) _______ parks with her children
• Yosemite Park: customer wants to stay in a lodge, not a (6) _______
Trip Two:
• Customer wants to see the (7) _______ on the way to Cambria
• At Santa Monica: not interested in shopping
• At San Diego, wants to spend time on the (8) ________
Q. 9-12
Complete the table below.
Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Number of days Total distance Price (per Includes
person)
Trip One 12 days (9) _______ km £525  accommodation
 car
 one (10) _______
Trip Two 9 days 980 km (11) _______  accommodation
 car
 (12) _______
Section 2
Choose TWO letters A–E.
Which TWO facilities at the leisure club have recently been improved?
A the gym
B the tracks
C the indoor pool
D the outdoor pool
E the sports training for children
Q. 13-20
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
Joining the leisure club
Personal Assessment
• New members should describe any 13 _______
• The 14 _______ will be explained to you before you use the equipment.
• You will be given a six-week 15 ________
Types of membership
• There is a compulsory £90 16 _________ fee for members.
• Gold members are given 17 __________ to all the LP clubs.
• Premier members are given priority during 18 __________ hours.
• Premier members can bring some 19 ________ every month.
• Members should always take their 20 _________ with them.
Section 3
Q. 21-25
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
Global Design Competition
21. Students entering the design competition have to
A. produce an energy-efficient design
B. adapt an existing energy-saving appliance
C. develop a new use for current technology
22. John chose a dishwasher because he wanted to make dishwashers
A. more appealing
B. more common
C. more economical
23. The stone in John’s ‘Rockpool’ design is used
A. for decoration
B. to switch it on
C. to stop water escaping
24. In the holding chamber, the carbon dioxide
A. changes back to a gas
B. dries the dishes
C. is allowed to cool
25. At the end of the cleaning process, the carbon dioxide
A. is released into the air
B. is disposed of with the waste
C. is collected ready to be re-used
Q. 26-30
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
John needs help preparing for his (26) _________
The professor advises John to make a (27) ________ of his design.
John’s main problem is getting good quality (28) _________
The professor suggests John apply for a (29) _________
The professor will check the (30) _________ information in John’s written report.
Section 4
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
THE SPIRIT BEAR
General facts
It is a white bear belonging to the black bear family.
Its colour comes from an uncommon (31) _______
Local people believe that it has unusual (32) _______
They protect the bear from (33) _______
Habitat
The bear’s relationship with the forest is complex.
Tree roots stop (34) _______ along salmon streams.
The bears’ feeding habits provide nutrients for forest vegetation.
It is currently found on a small number of (35) _______
Threats
Habitat is being lost due to deforestation and construction of (36) _______ by logging companies.
Unrestricted (37) _______ is affecting the salmon supply.
The bears’ existence is also threatened by their low rate of (38) _______
Going forward
Interested parties are working together.
Logging companies must improve their (39) _______ of logging.
Maintenance and (40) _______ of the spirit bears’ territory is needed.
 Answer key
Test 1
Section 1
1. 435 6. Washbasin
2. Kitchen 7. Noisy
3. Washing machine 8. Lamp
4. Inconvenient 9. Evening meals
5. TV and VCR 10. Bathroom
Section 2
11. Waterproof 16. Open
12. Building 17. 4 weeks
13. Overfill 18. Traffic
14. Heavy 19. Businesses
15. Plastic 20. Stones
Section 3
21. Note system 26. Italics
22. Scientific research 27. Typed
23. Scientific journals 28. Top right
24. Information from Internet 29. 25
25. Double space 30. ID number
Section 4
31. Safe and reliable 36. Pure and safe
32. Scarce 37. Contamination
33. Washing 38. Drinking
34. Lakes and dams 39. A
35. Air pollution 40. B

Test 2
Section 1
1. Southwest 7. A
2. SW105 8. B
3. Double 9. B
4. office 10. Amyes
5. lounge 11. Thursday
6. dogs 12. 3
Section 2
13. A 18. B
14. C 19. B
15. A 20. paper
16. B 21. package labels
17. C 22. 2 to 10
Section 3
23. B 24. D
 25. C 29. pink and yellow
26. A 30. subject
27. F 31. universities
28. E 32. labeled blue folder
Section 4
33. B 38. 8
34. A 39. depth
35. C 40. fear
36. A 41. attack
37. C 42. migration patterns

Test 3
Section 1
1. Canadian 6. cooking
2. CA04628 7. gas
3. 65349087 8. three months deposit
4. No Mobile Number 9. the small print
5. 500 10. in the cafeteria
Section 2
11. University of British Columbia 17. C
12. 1961 18. 4th floor
13. using a card index 19. Punk, Heavy Metal, Rap, Hip Hop
14. asking staff (Any of these)
15. B 20. Punk, Heavy Metal, Rap, Hip Hop
16. C (Any of these)
Section 3
21. Thursday 26. Foreign Languages
22. D 27. American Language
23. B 28. Creative Writing
24. C 29. Sociology
25. C 30. Swimming
Section 4
31. Environment and Development 36. tropical forest
32. nobody has left. 37. persistent organic chemicals
33. explains the design 38. biodiversity
34. B 39. A
35. global warming 40. C
 Transcript
Test 1
SECTION 1
Speaker 1: Good afternoon and welcome to Habitat Hunters. You must be Joseph.
Speaker 2: Yes, that’s right. You said on the phone that I could come by at 2:00. Sorry, I’m a little
early.
Speaker 1: No problem at all. In Calgary’s market, you have to move fast if you want a
good apartment!
Speaker 2: Actually, I’d settle for almost anything. I’ve been here ten days and the hotel
is ruining me. My father has me on a strict budget.
Speaker 1: Sit right down here now, sir. Let’s talk a little about the places before we go have a
look. Now, we have four apartments available.
Speaker 2: OK, could you tell me more about those four apartments?
Speaker 1: Sure. The first one is on Beatle Road, just a block off campus. It’s a 3-bedroom with a
bathroom and a living room and a great Italian restaurant right next to it.
Speaker 2: How much?
Speaker 1: Well, it’s $435 a month, including Internet and utilities.
Speaker 2: Okay, that sounds reasonable. Any drawbacks to the house?
Speaker 1: There’s a really big garden, but it hasn’t been taken care of over the years and is just
too big to clean up nicely.
Speaker 2: Hmm. That sounds okay. Tell me about the next option.
Speaker 1: The other 3-bedroom apartment is on Oakington Avenue on campus. It is right near the
building where you ave classes, and the kitchen and living room are newly furnished.
Speaker 2: Wow, that sounds like a pretty good option.
Speaker 1: Well, it is a cool apartment, but since it’s a dormitory, the living room, bathroom,
kitchen, and washing machine are all shared. It would be nice not to have to buy living
room furniture, though.
Speaker 2: And how much is this one?
Speaker 1: $400 per month for a bedroom with an air conditioner. For a bedroom without an air
conditioner, you would pay less, $340 for it.   .
Speaker 2: Yikes, even with the air conditioner, it sounds really inconvenient to have to
share facilities. I’ll never cook if I have to walk down the hall to use the kitchen.
Speaker 1: Yeah, that’s true. Anyway, the next place is a 2-bedroom on Mead Street.
Speaker 2: Oh, I like Mead Street – that’s off campus, right?
Speaker 1: Yep. It’s pretty cool, but it only has 2 bedrooms, plus a living room and a study.
Speaker 2: But I want to live together with my two friends.
Speaker 1: So you could make the study into a small bedroom if you end up living with them.
Speaker 2: Also, we guys want a TV and DVD player since we’re all so much into movies.
Speaker 1: Well, this place has a great TV and VCR, but no DVD player.
Speaker 2: No DVD? That’s so weird. Are any other facilities provided?
Speaker 1: As you said, weird enough, it also comes with a washbasin.
Speaker 2: Is there a washing machine? I think we need that more than just a washbasin.
Speaker 1: I’m afraid there’s no washing machine in the apartment.
Speaker 2: Wow, that’s so old-fashioned! Maybe it’s not the best choice for three college guys.
How much is it?
Speaker 1: Well, it’s $600 per month, but of course it would be cheaper if you made it into 3
bedrooms instead of 2.
Speaker 2: Where is this apartment located?
Speaker 1: It’s 2500 Mead Street, where there are a lot of bars.
Speaker 2: It would be affordable, but it would get pretty noisy. And that sounds really expensive
for an old place in a noisy area. How about the last place?
Speaker 1: This one’s on-campus in the Devon Close complex. It’s a one-bedroom, so it will be a
little quieter than the Mead Street place.
Speaker 2: One bedroom, huh? That could be good for focusing on my studies. What else does it
have?
Speaker 1: It comes with a living room and a study, and includes a really nice lamp in the study
that has a bunch of different settings. You know what else is cool? There’s
a dining hall downstairs so all evening meals are free. You can purchase breakfast and lunch, but
meals after 6 p.m. are free.
Speaker 2: Wow, this place sounds too good to be true. Is it really expensive?
Speaker 1: It’s alright – $500 per month, but there’s no bathroom.
Speaker 2: What? No bathroom?
Speaker 1: Well, there’s no bathroom in the apartment, but there’s one at the end of the hall.
Speaker 2: Hmm. Thanks, I think now I just have to decide whether I want to live alone or not.
Speaker 1: Yeah, which one do you prefer?
Speaker 2: I think I’d choose either this apartment or the one on Beatle Road.
Speaker 1: OK. You’d better think about it, and then you can contact me ASAP.
Speaker 2: Fine, thanks for your help!
Speaker 1: You’re welcome…
SECTION 2
Hi folks, my name is Loretta Johnston, and I’m here from the Baltimore Department
of Public Waste. Thank you for coming out to our community meeting tonight. I’ve got a few
words to say about the waste collection here in Baltimore.
First, there’s the sorted collection bins themselves. They’re made of sturdy, solid material, so
none of your trash can seep out or puncture the bin. Also, since these things sit out on
the curb overnight rain or shine, they have to be waterproof. We can’t have water getting up in it
and filling up the bin. Remember to pay attention to which bin is which, and sort your
waste accordingly. You should have a blue or green bin for recyclable garbage, a yellow bin
for unrecyclable garbage, and a red bin for toxic waste.
Our citywide waste management is divided into two services. The first is commercial waste
collection, or trash collection from buildings. The majority of building waste is paper, which goes
in the blue or green bins. You’ll notice in your office buildings there are signs that warn you not
to overfill these bins. All that paper adds up, and an overflowing bin is infinitely harder
for collectors to carry to the truck and empty.
Aside from paper, another large source of building waste is metals. Metals such
as tin and aluminium can be put in the yellow recycle bins, but metals like lead and copper should
be disposed of in the red bins. These heavy metals are harmful to the environment and exacer-
bate our city’s existing pollution problem.
That’s about all the information you need.for building waste. Moving on to the second
service, household waste collection is probably what you primarily think of when you think of
what we do here… Many of the same guidelines apply – the sorting is the same, et cetera. Please
remember to keep garbage like kitchen waste in a plastic bag. It makes collection easier
and lessens the abominable rotten-trash smell.
So after we take your trash away, what happens to it? We take all the garbage to one of a number of
garbage disposal plants, each of which is located in the middle of an open space of some sort. No
one wants to have their home or office right next door to a waste disposal plant, right? Waste is
collected and then disposed of once every four weeks. A lot of trash can build up in that time, so
we’re in the process of developing a plan to fund collection more frequently. Ideally it would be
collected weekly, but we will likely have to settle for biweekly. The garbage trucks make
their rounds to clear the bins at night in order to avoid traffic.
I’m sure you’ve seen how much waste your own household produces in a given week. Now
imagine all the trash produced by all the households in Baltimore. It’s a lot, right? It may surprise
you that this amount is only marginal compared to commercial waste. Yep, the main waste
producers are actually businesses, industrial facilities, retail, and offices. Hard to believe humans
produce that much waste, right? No wonder we have pollution problems!
Anyway, after all incoming waste is sorted, recyclables are sent to a recycling plant, while garbage
and toxic waste are transported to their respective areas of the plant for treatment. Items such as
stones, which should not be disposed of in our bins, are separated out and discarded.
Once the trash has undergone the treatment process, it is compacted and disposed of with all the
other trash and finally, when the landfill space is full, it is buried deep underground and in time
something new is built on the land.
That’s everything about waste collection. Thank you for listening. Are there any questions?
SECTION 3
Ricky: Hi, Julie, it’s Ricky.
Julie: Hi, Ricky, how are you? I noticed you weren’t in Psychology today.
Ricky: I’m feeling sick, so I didn’t go to school today. Would you mind telling me what I missed
in class?
Julie: Sure thing. I’m sorry you’re not feeling well! Anyway, we spent most of the class talking
about a new essay that Professor Johnson assigned. You need to choose one of
the bold headings from the note system and research it.
Ricky: Wow, I picked the wrong day to miss class, huh?
Julie: You sure did.
Ricky: Could you tell me the specific requirements of this paper?
Julie: Sure. You need to find scientific research that supports your claim as one of
your references. It can be from some of the case studies we discussed in class, or you can find
your own. Or even better, you can conduct your own research! I’m sure that would get you an A.
Ricky: Have you decided what you’re going to do yet? Also, where are you getting your
references?
Julie: Yeah, I’m going to research facial recognition by infants. I’ve already found a
few experiments in scientific journals. That would probably be a good start for you – there
are tons of journals in the library.
Ricky: Great idea, thanks. I’m considering writing my essay on the effects of one of
the psychotropic drugs we talked about in class. I’m sure there is lots of stuff about it on the
Internet. Are we allowed to use information from the Internet?
Julie: Sure, you can use that as long as it’s not your main source for information. You’ll probably
want to cite some of the experiments we went over.
Ricky: Good idea, thanks. I’m gonna try to find some information from a bunch of different
sources. Are there any specifications on how the essay should be written?
Julie: Yeah, Professor Johnson wants it double-spaced. It should be between 6 to 10 pages long.
Ricky: 6 to 10 pages? That’s so much! It’s going to take forever.
Julie: I know. The whole class groaned when he said that. Anyway, you also need to put
the title in italics, and…
Ricky: Wait, each section heading, or just the main heading?
Julie: Only the main heading should be in italics. I think section titles are supposed to be in the
same format, but maybe in bold. You’ll have to check that in class next time.
Ricky: Oh okay. So I take it that the report has to be typed since there are so many requirements.
What are the other formatting requirements?
Julie: Yep, it’s got to be typed. Aside from that, there are still a few more specifications. You
should number each page. Make sure it goes up in the top right corner.
Ricky: Okay, I’ll make sure to write that down. I always forget to number the pages. Do we need to
title and date each page, too?
Julie: You need the shortened title on every page, but no need to include the date. That should just
be on the cover page.
Ricky: Okay, thanks.
Julie: No problem. Also, make sure the margins are 3.25 pixels wide.
Ricky: What? I’m not even sure how to do that.
Julie: It’s okay, I can show you. It’s really easy. I think that’s all the directions he gave us. A lot of
formatting requirements, but we have the freedom to research many things that we like, so that’s
good. Oh, I almost forgot – remember to put down your ID number on your report.
Ricky: Thanks so much for your help. I’ll see you in class Monday!
Julie: No problem, glad I could help. See you later.
SECTION 4
Good morning and welcome to yet another lecture in Environmental Science. I don’t think I am
telling you a secret when I mention that water is a big worry here in Australia. The stuff is scarce.
Perhaps that’s why we drink so much beer, eh?
Seriously, though, a safe and reliable source of water is one of the great concerns of people
everywhere. Moreover, as the world population grows,
the pressure on existing water supplies grows greater and greater. Think about it.
Our economic system demands that there be more and more consumers. The growing number of
people has been tied to climate change, including droughts. So more people means less water. But
our economic system demands a high birth rate. Forget about oil. Soon enough you will
see wars for water. Mark my words.
But today, I’m going to confine my remarks to Australia. As noted already, here down under, the
water supply is extremely scarce. The only drier continent is Antarctica – and remember, no one
really lives there anyway. Moreover, in recent years, the wind patterns have changed. Rain that
used to fall on the country now falls out to sea hundreds of miles to the south.
Now, when I speak of people needing water, most of you probably think of
drinking. Certainly everyone needs water for drinking. But surprising as it may sound, drinking is
not anywhere near being the main use for water. Most water is actually used for washing. When
you take a shower, you probably use well over a hundred litres of water. Every time
you flush your toilet, that’s about eight litres. But most people drink no more than two litres or so
per day.
So, where to get water? It could be obtained from rainwater, but often rainfall consists of other
harmful pollutants that evaporated with the water. In fact, acid rain, an intense example of this,
causes harmful effects on the wildlife of the habitat on which it falls.
Water from underground could also be used, though it is more difficult to contain and often must
go through an extensive cleansing process. The purest water is found in rivers, creeks, lakes,
and dams. And, sad to say, Australia has precious few of these. Really, how many of your home
towns have rivers? Year-round rivers, I mean. The soil tends to be sandy, so water soaks into the
ground. Many places are rocky too, so 87% of the rainfall is lost to evaporation. That’s almost
twice the evaporation rate in my native Canada!
Speaking of rain, we already heard how rainfall is diminishing here in Oceania. The quantity itself
isn’t the only problem, either. Going back to the problems with obtaining rainwater, a further
problem is that rain is a useful source of water only if air pollution is fairly mild. Again, you’re in
a situation where you can’t win. You need water where most people live. People tend to build
cities where rainfall is adequate. But then modern cities tend to feature polluted air
which renders the rain far less easily usable. OK, let’s take a look at the table here, you’ll see it
showing the relative pollution of rainfall in the world’s cities. The more people, the dirtierF the
rain.
This is becoming a huge concern for people in the West, who want their water to be pure and safe.
Though reliable drinking water is important everywhere, the concern in the West is reflected in all
the government regulations and political campaigns aimed at solving this problem. In contrast,
there are not as many demands made on the governments in Asian and African cultures to improve
the water, as their focus is on other issues.
Now, whatever the source of water, we can never afford to forget that all water is
highly vulnerable to contamination. Whether we’re getting it from the ground, from bodies of
water, or rainfall, it is susceptible to a variety of toxins. In fact, that’s why we clean it before using
it: water carries with it filth and dirt. This problem shows up in a number of different ways.
As humans and all other animals need water to survive, it’s no surprise to us that one of the most
important domestic uses of water is for drinking. Yet if you have old-fashioned lead pipes, you
may slowly be poisoning yourself by drinking that nice clear water. The industrial
pollution, farm chemicals, and leaky landfills are well-known sources of contaminants as well.
So what is being done to ensure we Australians a safe and steady supply of drinking water? There
are a lot of initiatives that make admirable efforts to remedy this issue. We’ll be talking about this
when we meet again on Thursday. But, as a preview, I can tell you that so far the amount of
real solutions that have been produced is not nearly adequate. Traditionally, we’ve been
very free in this country. That means that every person and every province tend to go its own way.
So the mechanisms for water management are, in a word, insufficient.
To begin seeing how this is so, I want you to read something before our next class. Though a lot
of previous data on water usage and water management are inconclusive and have thus caused
quite a concern, we can learn a lot from the content of reports written on the subject. The basis for
the government’s water policy is the 1989 White Paper reporting on “Water Use: Present and
Future”. If you compare the numbers offered in the paper with those in the text, you’ll find that the
report is rather untrustworthy. Truth being told, I’m being too kind when I say that!
Test 2
Section 1
City Agent: Good morning City House Services. How may I help you?
Barbra: Good Morning, I’d like to arrange to have my house cleaned.
City Agent: Certainly. I just need to ask a few questions. First, could I take name?
Barbra: Yes. It’s Barbra Hill.
City Agent: Thank you. Next, is your house in London?
Barbra: Yes, it’s in Kingston in South-west London?
City Agent: Okay. South-west London and what is the postcode?
Barbra: SW1O5
City Agent: and what is the square footage and what rooms will be cleaned?
Barbra: The whole house is 268 square feet and there is no need to clean all the rooms. I only want
to have my bedrooms cleaned.
City Agent: Okay. How many bedrooms does the house have?
Barbra: Three bedrooms. Oh no, sorry. We used to have three bedrooms but we only have two
bedrooms now.
City Agent: Are those single bedrooms or doubles?
Barbra: Doubles.
City Agent: Fine, two doubles.
Barbra: There’s one more room which needs cleaning. It was used as a bedroom before and now it
has been converted into an office.
City Agent: I understand. Three rooms have got to be cleaned. And are all of those rooms upstairs?
Barbra: Yes. Then downstairs, we have a kitchen diner, conservatory and lounge. The kitchen
diner is quite large and has the usual equipment, cooker with oven, refrigerator, cupboards and
worktops. The conservatory has a lot of plants but there is no need to take care of them. The lounge
has a leather 3 piece suite and a large coffee table.
City Agent: Thank you. And do you keep any pets?
Barbra: Yeah, I really love keeping them. I’ve got two dogs and three cats.
City Agent: Okay, then if our staff come over to offer the service, please take your pets away. And
have you looked at our service packages?
Barbra: Yes, I have one in front of me.
City Agent: Excellent.
PAUSE
City Agent: Any extra services you need? Switching bed linens, working the garden, cleaning the
glass and conservatory, that kind of a thing?
Barbra: Uh, no. Uh, actually, replacing the bed linen, yeah, that would be good.
City Agent: No problem. I’ll just make note of that. How about curtains, mats and carpets. What
would you like us to do with those items?
Barbra: The curtains. I’d have to think about that. I think we should have the carpets cleaned really
well every quarter. Mats can just be done with the laundry.
City Agent: How about clothes? We could have our staff wash and iron them or we can have them
taken to a dry cleaner.
Barbra: Washing and Ironing. No, just ironing. That will be okay.
City Agent: Okay, fine. I know quite a bit about what you want now. I should let you know that we
are located on 12 Amyes road. That’s A-M-Y-E-S and we work from Monday to Sunday except
Tuesday and Wednesday. Could you let me know when it’s convenient for you?
Barbra: Next Friday. Uh, no, oh that’s no good. My son invites his friends over in the afternoon
that day. Perhaps next Thursday or next Saturday. Let me check. Okay, next Thursday.
City Agent: When is it convenient for us to come over and provide the service? Is it okay if we
come in the morning or we may come in the afternoon? It depends on your schedule.
Barbra: I’m okay with any time. Just give me a call to let me know you coming before you arrive.
City Agent: Sure we will.
Barbra: By the way, how long will it take for the service?
City Agent: We usually work 1 to 3 hours per house cleaning. And the work will take 3 hours at
most. And of course, if it takes more than 3 hours, you should pay extra for it.
Barbra: Uh, fine.
City Agent: Let me just do some calculations.
Section 2
Hi everyone and welcome to Sydney Airport. Today I will be giving you the inside information on
the day to day operations of the Australian quarantine services here. We hope to provide you the
better understanding of why such heavy security regulations are necessary by educating you on how
we operate and why we do the things we do. We’re not here to try to persuade you to fly through
Sydney Airport, but we hope you’d find your experience relatively stress free and comfortable.
First things first, our personnel. Can anyone guess how many people work at Sydney Airport? We
have 200 alone working in Terminal 2. So can you guess how many in the whole airport? I heard
someone say 360. That’s getting closer. What! Did someone say 2000? That’s way too high.
Sydney Airport actually employs 440 people. A lot, right? And about half of those employees work
in security related matters. Moving on to our not so human employees, let’s come and see our
favorite pooch, Milton. Milton is our best drug-sniffing dog on the force. He is friendly to most
people. You could even come pet him at the end of our tour. Burnouts, beware though, he’ll find
everything. Notice, even though there are so many of us around him, Milton stays quite calm. This
is the precise reason he was chosen for the job. Dogs that are chosen are not predisposed to sniff out
different narcotics. That’s something we teach them already. So, here’s a part of the airport most
people never notice. The cargo transport terminal. This is where packages are shipped to and from.
Normally, we ship around 4400 packages per month. In this airport alone, over 52000 packages
were shipped in and out over the past year. We ship to and from 170 different countries. Not bad
eh! Probably it would go up to over 72000 packages this year and despite over 100 flights in and
out of here daily, the number of lost or delayed packages is impressively low. If you send your
packages through here, rest assured, we’ll get it where it’s going. Let’s move on to the area most of
us are familiar with – the passenger terminals. In order to be allowed into this area, you must pass
through security with your ticket and if you are traveling internationally, your passport if you are
traveling domestically, you just need a legal form of ID. If you don’t have those, you will not be
allowed to pass through security and board your flight. During the security scan, your carryon items
will be checked for dangerous items such as weapons, sharp objects and liquids that exceed our
specified limits. If you attempt to pass any of the prohibited items on this list posted at the entrance,
you’re still allowed to board the plane but you will be given a warning and your item will be
confiscated. Don’t worry, we will not arrest you for having too much shampoo in your bag or
anything like that. We also search your carry-ons and parcels for any perishable items. We prohibit
the transportation of local vegetation and prohibit parcels containing any insects in them. You may
or may not have learnt about this in Biology class but when some plants are introduced to a new
environment, they spread widely and wipe out the current species around it. It is important to
control the introduction of new plants into an ecosystem so we must prohibit the transport of any
fertile seeds. So what happens to parcels containing possibly suspicious items? It’s of course
something we do not take likely here. If an object passes through the scanner that appears
suspicious in a way, it is separated out for manual search by a member of our trained security
personnel. If an illegal plant or simple sharp object like a pocket knife is found, it is simply
disposed of in our biohazard waste containers and the package itself is returned to the sender or
passenger if it is for a passenger flight. More serious weapons are reported to higher authorities for
investigation.
Pause
As far as parcel security, the material of the parcel is important. For shipped goods, the common
materials used and the most widely accepted is paper. Make sure it’s packaged sturdy enough with
no rips or tears. We’ve definitely had packages ripped open before due to haphazard packing. The
more common problem though is the package labels. When an item does not make it to the right
place, this is the most common reason. The label may not be in the right place or marked clearly
enough. If you are receiving any items from abroad, that must be declared, please remember our
guidelines to ensure the timely delivery of your item. Make sure it is packed correctly and we ask
that you notify customs between 2 and 10 days within the items scheduled arrival date. Okay,
before we move on, are there any questions?
Section 3
Librarian: Welcome, please come in and gather over here around the tables. My name is Adam
Smith and I’m the librarian here. I will show you around today and explain how to use these
facilities. Hopefully when I’m done with it, you’ll know the ropes and please feel free to let me
know of any questions or concerns that you may have. Now you are the gate of the library. Upon
entering into the door, you will find that the restrooms are on your left hand side and opposite them
is a photocopy room. Many of you are wondering about the check-in and check-out process. What
you have to do is go to the circulation desk which is to the east of the photocopy room. The reading
room is a really large area in the center of the library just to the north of the circulation desk. I’m
sure you won’t miss it. If you are here to do research, this is where you should bring books to look
through. However, if you are here to do any group projects or other interactive activities, I advise
you to use one of the study rooms which are just to the east of the reading room. Moving on to the
south east corner, we have the periodical section just next to the study rooms. We have a collection
of different newspapers and magazines in this section. You can get last week’s weather report or all
the top stories five years ago. Our periodicals can be traced back 20 years to the time when our
school library was built. Ah, our first question, yes.
Student: Can we check out magazines from the library?
Librarian: Am sorry, but you cannot take any periodicals out of the library. You’re welcome to
read them for as long as you want while you are here but cannot check them out.
Student: I wonder if there is any place where we can get some food in the library. Do we have a
store here?
Librarian: Of course. The food service center is just meters away from the study rooms. It’s on the
north east corner as you look at the map. The food service center offers different kinds of snacks
though it’s not big. Well, moving on along to the west, you will find the video resource center on
your right hand. We have educational videos and documentaries as well as major motion pictures.
We ask that you pay attention to the tag on the video that you pick up as many of our
documentaries are for onsite viewing only and may not be taken out of the library.
Librarian: To the west of the video resource center is our satellite TV station. Here we stream the
news from channel 19 for most of the day.
Student: How many channels does it have?
Librarian: Hahaha … it does have nearly 200 channels but we generally will give top priority to
channels with some big events. Like presidential addresses or other breaking news. During the
coverage of the presidential debate, students will take a break from studying and flock to watch it.
Librarian: Last but perhaps most importantly is the inquiry desk. It’s just on the left hand side
when you walk into the library. So it’s impossible to miss it. If you have any questions about how
to use equipment or where to find something, come and ask the assistant. Don’t be shy because
that’s what they are here for.
Pause
Librarian: Speaking of questions, one of the questions we get asked is how to actually check-out a
book once a student has picked one out. If it’s a fiction or non-fiction book, look for the pink and
yellow check-out card inside the back cover of the book. You can also find information about the
book on these cards including its publishing date, genre, ISBN and a log of dates it’s been checked-
out before. Present this card to me or any library assistant and we’ll stamp it and the book can be
kept for 3 weeks.
Librarian: You can find general information on a field of study by using one of our subject guides.
We have them on paper here, but any of our computers will allow you to search within fields as
well.
Student: What if the library doesn’t have the resource we are looking for?
Librarian: Great question! I’m going to address that. Our library is a network with a number of
other universities in the area. So if there is something you’re looking for and it’s available in the
area, we will be able to get it for you. However, there are universities which are not part of the
network so we do not share resources with them.
Librarian: If you want more information about the library and its resources, you’ll find it in a
labelled blue folder on my desk in the inquiry section.
Librarian: Okay, so that’s a lot of information all at once and I don’t expect you to remember it
all. The most important thing is, please be respectful of the staff and if you need help with anything
at all, come and ask me or one of the
Librarian: Alright. Any questions?
Section 4
Good morning. Today we will continue our study of crocodile’s niloticus by talking about its living
habits. We’ve already discussed the evolutionary attributes that set it apart from its crocodile
relatives. Does everyone remember that? Yes, it has an extremely narrow snout and three or four
rows of protective scales on its back as compared to two rows on other members of the crocodile’s
genus. Let’s take a look at how these carnivorous man-eaters live, where they live and finally,
whether the really deserve their vicious reputation. To start, I’d like to address a great question
posed to me by a student during yesterday’s office hours. We talked about the distribution of
crocodiles in Africa and saw that they are highly concentrated in the south and west of the
continent. This student noticed that on the map displaying the distribution of crocodiles across
Africa, there were no crocodiles in the northern region and found no mention in the literature of the
existence of crocodiles in North Africa. Why might there be no crocodiles in North Africa? Let’s
save this question for later in the lecture. To find out more about the social habits of the African
crocodiles, one researcher, named Tari Shine, of the University of Ulster in Northern Irelands
conducted a survey of the Wetlands in Mauritania and received reports of 46 crocodiles living in
one group or float as we say when referring to crocodiles. Though the usual number is a little less
than half of that. In general, crocodiles are more highly concentrated in wet subtropical
environments near bodies of water and rich vegetation. While South American crocodiles thrive in
cool rain forest, the African crocodile is more equipped for heat. Though they can survive at the hot
temperatures found in some deserts, they are not equipped to handle dry climates and thus cannot
survive in places like the Sahara desert of North Africa. As cold blooded animals, crocodile’s core
temperatures fluctuate from the average of 38degrees Celsius as external conditions change thus
they need to avoid extreme temperatures. Others live in underwater life. Keeping a body
temperature close to that of the water. As their own unique method of regulating their body
temperatures, some African crocodiles have made dens by digging holes in the ground to provide
themselves with a cool, dark place to retreat from the hot African sun. Speaking of the African sun,
let’s go back to the question asked in the beginning of the lecture. We know that there used to be
crocodiles in North Africa, yet today there are none? What are some possible explanations for this?
Some students have suggested that the African crocodile has evolved from a desert creature into a
wetland creature thus causing them to migrate south for more appropriate conditions. Others
presume the crocodiles were hunted out of Northern Africa by a fiercer predator. While these are
intelligent guesses, the real story is a little bit different. The key to this migration, is that the Sahara
desert did not always cover the North of Africa. About 8000 years ago, the land was fertile
wetlands perfect for breeding crocodiles. Over time though, the area dried out and the wetlands
slowly turned to desert leading the African crocodile to migrate south to the marshlands they call
home today.

Some crocodiles did however adapt to living in dry conditions. In Mauritania, some crocodiles have
learned to survive in an area where they can go up to 8 months with no water by spending the driest
of times in what’s called the Torpa or short period of hibernation. To utilize every bit of rainfall,
these desert crocodiles dig underground caves that collect runoff thus staying cool and hydrated.
During the mating period in November and December, males attract females to their viciously
protected territories through a number of behaviors that range from snapping their jaws all the way
to sending infrasonic pulses through the water. Afterwards, the female digs a hole up to 60
centimeters in depth to store the eggs for an 80 day incubation period. The female protects these
eggs during the period and sometimes even helps crack the eggs with her snout at the end. These
teeth gnashing carnivores are softer than we think. Although these vicious creatures have attacked
humans on a few occasions, the residents are not afraid of them. In fact, they show a great deal of
reverence towards these wondrous creatures. Some say that crocodiles bring water to their habitat,
so if they leave, they will bring the water with them. Obviously this is not true, but it demonstrates
the admiration the inhabiting people have for crocodiles. Generally, crocodiles do not predate on
humans. They attack when humans populate the crocodile’s habitat instilling fear and uneasiness in
the crocs. Like any other species, crocodiles are known to attack when feeling fear. There is still a
lot more to be discovered about the African crocodile. Researchers want to know more about the
population size, how many crocodiles inhabit Africa in all, how they form separate floats etcetera.
There is still also much to learn about migration patterns and relations to other populations of
crocodiles now found in other parts of the world.
Next time, we’ll examine a few specific case studies of the crocodile population in Southern Africa.

Test 3
Section 1
Housing Officer: Hi, Mary’s housing office. I’m John. Can I help you?
Mary: Hi. I hope so. I need an apartment. The sooner the better. My friend suggested I try you
guys.
Housing Officer: Well, that’s what we are here for. The famous Mary’s housing office. By the
way, we call apartments - flats here. Anyway, let’s get started. First I will take down a few
particulars to put in our database. Hopefully we will help you find some digs before terms start.
Mary: Somewhat?
Housing Officer: Some digs. That’s British slang for rented accommodation.
Mary: Oh dear. Flats. Digs and I’m an English major.
Housing Officer: No problem. But back to business. Family name?
Mary: Cartier.
Housing Officer: Cartier. Sounds French.
Mary: Yeah. My ancestors were French.
Housing Officer: Wow. Do you speak French?
Mary: I was born and raised in Montreal. So, I’m bilingual.
Housing Officer: That’s great. And your given names?
Mary: Susan Marie. That’s M-A-R-I-E.
Housing Officer: Got it. Nationality? Canadian I guess?
Mary: Right.
Housing Officer: And your Mary number?
Mary: CAO4628
Housing Officer: Ok. Got a contact number?
Mary: It’s 65349087. I’m staying with friends until I find a place for my own.
Housing Officer: 65349187.
Mary: No. 9087
Housing Officer: Got it. What about a mobile phone?
Mary: I will get one later today and tell you the number.
Housing Officer: Okay. 653. That’s way over the other side of town right?
Mary: Yes, near the railway station. Far too far if I have classes every day.
Housing Officer: So you want somewhere closer?
Mary: Up to half an hour by bike and with a bus service if the weather is too bad.
Housing Officer: Yeah, I cycle here too. Keeps me fit and no hassle trying to find a parking space.
Housing Officer: Do you want to share accommodation or live on your own?
Mary: Live alone. I’ll be too busy with my studies to bother with roommates.
Housing Officer: How much rent do you want to pay?
Mary: around £500 a month.
PAUSE
Housing Officer: that’s about right. But it won’t be very big. Would a bedsitter be okay?
Mary: A bedsitter?
Housing Officer: More British English for you. It’s a single room with cooking facilities. Some are
quite nice.
Mary: That will be okay. But I don’t want to share a bathroom and it must be clean, bright and not
by a noisy main road.
Housing Officer: Okay, but you’ve come a bit late . With only 4 days to go before the term starts,
we’ve only got shared accommodation on our files at the moment. But don’t worry, we’ll do our
best.
Mary: Oh, I forgot. Does the rent here include utilities?
Housing Officer: Usually no. You’d have to pay for the gas, electricity and water yourself.
Mary: What about a deposit?
Housing Officer: Most landlords want 3 months in advance which is also a security deposit and
make sure you read the rental contract carefully, especially the small print.
Mary: Thanks, I’ll do that. Anything else you need to know.
Housing Officer: Not at the moment. Make sure you let me know your mobile phone number.
Mary: Will do. Anyway, I must go now. I’m meeting some friends in the cafeteria.
Housing Officer: Okay. Will be in touch. Bye for now.
Mary: See you.
Section 2
Good morning and welcome to the main library of the University of British Columbia. My name is
George Martin and I’m the head Jack. I’m happy to give you a brief introduction to our library. I
guess I’m qualified. I’ve been working here since 1961. Back in the days when the only electrical
were electronic stuff here was the lights. Oh and the phones of course. Mechanical typewriters and
slide rules there. No fancy laptops and cellphones. Computers, in a library? No way. Everything
was on paper. If you needed to find something, you went to the card index and if that didn’t help,
you asked one of the staff and if that didn’t work, you told your professor that you couldn’t write
the essay because the library didn’t have the book you needed. My, you students have it so easy
nowadays. We’ve got about 15 computer terminals on each of our 4 floors. If you know the title or
the author, then you can find out if we’ve got it in seconds and if we do, where it is. If we haven’t
got it then you can find out if the public libraries and other university libraries in Vancouver and
Burnaby have it. Now you know that library books are arranged according to the numbers on the
back of each book. Does anyone know the name of this numbering system? Right, the Dewey
decimal classification system, which was invented by Melvil Dewey, an American Jack not John
Dewey the philosopher.
Pause
In Melvil’s day, book classification systems were in a real mess and he decided to do something
about it and around 1876, came up with the system we still use today. Look up there and you can
see a list of basic categories. 000 generalities which include all sorts of things – encyclopedias,
news media etcetera. Then a 100 – philosophy and psychology. 200 – Religion. 300 - Social
sciences and so on up to 900 – Geography and History. With over 4 million books, actually, nearer
to 5 million now, we have a lot to thank Melvil for.

Now, if you look out to your right, you can see the layout of the library. It’s very logical. We start
down here on the first floor or the ground floor for our British cousins with three zeros –
generalities and so on up to the fourth floor with all the 800th and 900th. By the way, you won’t
find books on medicine and dentistry here. There all over in the medical library just to the east of
the medical school. Now, if you look at the plan of the 2nd floor, you can see we can have a CD
and DVD library. The music collection covers just about everything that we call serious. From
Bach and Beethoven, Folk music, blues, early rock ‘n’ roll and Jazz and more. But sorry, no punk,
heavy metal, rap or hip hop yet. For oriental music, like Peking opera, you’ll have to get to the
Asian study center or Chinatown.

A word about taking books out, the usual lending period is two weeks. But a few books in great
demand can only be taken out for 2 days and I suggest you try to return books on time. The fine is
$1 a day for the first week and a $1 a day thereafter. One last thing, your fancy new smart Mary
card is also your library card and you can also use it to pay at the Mary cafeteria. So don’t lose it or
you will starve to death without any library books.

Okay, I guess that’s enough here. Let’s move up to the 2nd floor.
Section 3
Jack: Hi Mary, you got time for a coffee. I look to discuss what courses I should take. I’m so
confused.
Mary: So am I. Maybe we can work something out together Jack. Should really talk about this with
our academic supervisor but she’s away until Thursday which might make it a bit late to register for
some of the more popular courses.
Jack: That’s my worry. It’s lucky we are doing the same major. So, some of the courses will be the
same and we can cycle in together. What did your parents say when you told them you will be an
English major?
Mary: Dad thinks i'm crazy. You will never find a decent job when you graduate. Teacher or
secretary. That’s about all you will be good for. But he is an Engineer, so what would he know?
Jack: What about your mum?
Mary: Oh, she loves reading and has dreams of me becoming a great writer or something. So she’s
all for it. What about your parents?
Jack: Actually they agree. They are both teachers and are always moaning about the terrible
English most of their students speak. They blame it on computers and computer games. To be
exact, very few of their students ever read novels.
Mary: Anyway, let’s have a look at some of these courses. I thought of taking Latin. People say it
will train my brain and help with French and Spanish as well as English.
Jack: I think that’s nonsense. It’s a dead language. If you want to learn Spanish or Italian or
something, then learn it directly. I did Latin at High School and apart from helping me guess the
meaning of some of the new words in the Latin root, it was a waste of time. Leave Latin to
archeologists and theologians.
Mary: Guess you’re right. Okay, no Latin. Actually, I’m playing with the idea of doing journalism
later. Foreign languages are always useful for a journalist. Maybe I’d take oral French.
Pause
Jack: That’s exactly what I was thinking. What are the lecture times?
Mary: Let me see. French 100, 9 to 12 Monday Mornings in Language Lab No.2 and 2 till 5pm
Thursdays afternoons in Lecture Hall A5. I think they are both in the Arts Faculty Building.
Jack: They are. I checked the language Lab out yesterday. Very modern and not too big. Room for
about 30 so the teacher will have time for the individuals. Not like that 50 seat place in my old
school.
Jack: Okay. French 100 it is. What next? I was thinking about creative writing 201. What do you
think?
Mary: That’s one of our set courses stupid. We have to take it along with History of English,
Earlier American Literature and Sociology 100.
Jack: Damn, I forgot. So including French, we’ll be doing 5 courses this term. How many
classroom hours is that all together?
Mary: Let’s see. History of English 3hours every Tuesday Morning. American Lit. 2 till 5pm
Tuesday afternoons. Creative Writing 9 till 12 Wednesday Mornings. Sociology 2 till 5 Friday
Afternoons. That makes 18 including 3 hours in the Language lab.
Jack: Sounds enough to me, especially in our first term. And the times won’t interfere with my
swimming team training. All work, no play makes Jack a dull boy.
Mary: You certainly need that creative writing course. Let’s drink our coffee.
Section 4
Good morning everybody. It’s good to see you all looking so refreshed after spending the weekend
testing the beer in the student’s bar. I wonder if any of you discovered the library, but I guess it’s
far too early for that. It’s even better to see we have a full house. I hope you are all here for
Environment and Development 101 because, if you are not, then you’re in the wrong lecture hall.
By the way, my name is John Robinson and I’ll be the main lecturer for this course. But we will
have some guest lecturers from time to time. And nobody has left. Great! I guess that means you all
intend to take this course. Okay. As it says on the notice outside, I’m going to describe the main
contents and purposes of the course and hopefully add to the enthusiasm that brought you here
today. Does anybody know who Howard Odom was? Right. He is known as the father of ecology.
He once said, “Everything is connected to everything else”. That statement explains the design of
this course. As human knowledge expands, most courses, even first year courses get more and more
specialized. You learn more and more about less and less. This course is quite different. In the 72
hours of this course, don’t forget you get 2 credits instead of the usual 1. We will try to achieve
three main objectives, namely - We will try to get an understanding of what is happening to planet
Earth, why it is happening and hopefully to find some answers to the many problems that we’ll be
talking about. The first few lectures will be an overview of the more serious current trends that are
of such great concern to not just greenies, meaning environmentalists like myself and organizations
like Green Peas and Friends of the Earth, but also to more and more ordinary people and even a few
politicians and corporate leaders. So, we’ll be looking at things like Global Warming, the loss of in
particular, tropical forests, persistent organic chemicals known as “Gender Benders” because they
can seriously affect the sexual development of animals, desertification, and the serious worldwide
problem of overfishing and the accelerating loss of biodiversity. If humans carry on as they are,
some 50% of the world’s plant and animal species will be probably extinct by the middle of this
century. That’s the environment bit.
What about development? We’ll be thinking a lot about this issue. If the goal of development is to
improve the quality of life, which presumably means making people happier, then we have to think
about this thing called “happiness”. In modern times, we have become consumers in the great
consumer society. Are we any happier than the Bushmen of the Kalahari Desert in Southern Africa?
And if common sense tells us that rising sea levels, gender benders and all the other aspects of a
worsening environment will sooner or later put a big break on consumption. Why, given the
warnings from the great majority of the world’s scientists are things in general continuing to get
worse. This brings us on to Psychology, Sociology and of course Politics, Economics and even
Philosophy. We won’t have time to go into each of these areas in great depth. For our immediate
purposes, this is not necessary because the basic goal is to help us develop a model, a dynamic
model that integrates the main forces leading to environmental degradation and those opposing
forces that promote environmental stewardship. This is a tall order for us to do as individuals, so
we’ll be divided into teams and each team will focus on one or two particular aspects at the same
time integrating the main findings and arguments of the other teams into their work. Well, we have
a lot of great work to do. Which means, it’s coffee time. Back in 15 minutes.