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Arduino LED State Machine Guide

This document describes an Arduino code for implementing a finite state machine (FSM) using LEDs. The code defines two parts - a random state FSM and a user-controlled FSM. In the random state FSM, the Arduino randomly selects a state between 0-3 every second, controlling the on/off patterns of three LEDs. In the user-controlled FSM, the user can send a character between 0-3 through the serial monitor to change states and toggle the LED patterns. The state and LED patterns are printed to the serial monitor for debugging.

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Rehman Khan
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289 views4 pages

Arduino LED State Machine Guide

This document describes an Arduino code for implementing a finite state machine (FSM) using LEDs. The code defines two parts - a random state FSM and a user-controlled FSM. In the random state FSM, the Arduino randomly selects a state between 0-3 every second, controlling the on/off patterns of three LEDs. In the user-controlled FSM, the user can send a character between 0-3 through the serial monitor to change states and toggle the LED patterns. The state and LED patterns are printed to the serial monitor for debugging.

Uploaded by

Rehman Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MECH 3032

Arduino – LED Finite State Machine


Part 1: LED Finite State Machine, Random States
Arduino Code
//state variable type
typedef int state;
//Defining LED pins
int LED1 = 9;
int LED2 = 10;
int LED3 = 11;

//State values and state variables


const state S0 = 0;
const state S1 = 1;
const state S2 = 2;
const state S3 = 3;
state current_state;

void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
// set up LED pins as output
pinMode(LED1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LED2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LED3, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
//wait for 1 sec
delay(1000);
//pick random value between 0 and 3
current_state = random(0, 4);
//print on the serial monitor random varibale
Serial.println(current_state);

//check the state change variable and change its state due to input variable
switch(current_state)
{
//state S0 and switches OFF all LEDs
case S0:
digitalWrite(LED1, LOW);
digitalWrite(LED2, LOW);
digitalWrite(LED3, LOW);
break;
//state S1 and switches OFF 2 LEDs and switch ON 1 LED
case S1:
digitalWrite(LED1, LOW);
digitalWrite(LED2, LOW);
digitalWrite(LED3, HIGH);
break;
//state S2 and switch ON 2 LEDs and switch OFF 1 LED
case S2:
digitalWrite(LED1, LOW);
digitalWrite(LED2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LED3, HIGH);
break;
//state S3 and switches ON all LEDs
case S3:
digitalWrite(LED1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LED2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LED3, HIGH);
break;
}
}

Part 2: LED Finite State Machine, User Controlled


Arduino Code;
//specialized state variable type
typedef int state;
//defining LED pins
int LED1 = 9;
int LED2 = 10;
int LED3 = 11;
//state variable registers and their values
const state S0 = 0;
const state S1 = 1;
const state S2 = 2;
const state S3 = 3;
//starting state is S1 and previous state whill determine whether there is a state change or not
state current_state = S1;
state prev_state = S1;

void setup() {
//Setting up Baud rate
Serial.begin(9600);
// put your setup code here, to run once:
//Setting up LED pins as output
pinMode(LED1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LED2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LED3, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
//check if data is being sent through Serial
if (Serial.available() > 0)
{
//store its value in this variable
current_state = Serial.read();
//check if the value is different from previous value then print on Serial monitor
if (current_state != prev_state){
Serial.println("State is change. New state is:");
Serial.println(current_state);
}
//update previous stae vaalue
prev_state = current_state;

//if it is 0 character state is S0


//and all LEDs are OFF
if ((current_state-'0') == S0)
{
digitalWrite(LED1, LOW);
digitalWrite(LED2, LOW);
digitalWrite(LED3, LOW);
}
//if it is character 1 state is S1
//and only 2 LEDs are OFF and 1 is ON
else if ((current_state - '0') == S1)
{
digitalWrite(LED1, LOW);
digitalWrite(LED2, LOW);
digitalWrite(LED3, HIGH);
}
//if it is character 2 then state is S2
//and 2 LEDs are ON and 1 is OFF
else if ((current_state - '0') == S2)
{
digitalWrite(LED1, LOW);
digitalWrite(LED2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LED3, HIGH);
}
//if it is character 3 state is S3
//and all LEDs are ON
else if ((current_state - '0') == S3)
{
digitalWrite(LED1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LED2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LED3, HIGH);
}
//if the input is any other character the input is invalid and prints Error message
else
{
//otherwise prints error
Serial.print("Error! Enter Value between 0 and 3");
}
}

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