MN7183SR Management Learning and Research

Assessment 1 2021/22 (50%)

Submission Date: 30th of November 2021 by 11:59 PM on Tuesday

Name of Student: ___________________

Student ID: ______________________
Date of Submission: _____________________
Lecturer’s Name: _______________________
Note: Maximum 2000 words
Assignment 1 Marking Rubric
Assessment 1: Comparative methodological Critique
Paper 3A = Ibenzion, I.O. (2014). ‘Satisfaction and loyalty management in the Israeli hi-
tech industry.’ Managerial Challenges of the Contemporary Society. 7 (1), 21-28.
Paper 3B = Noordegraaf, M. and Wit, B. de. (2012). ‘Responses to managerialism: how
management pressures affect managerial relations and loyalties in education’. Public
Administration. 90(4), 957–973.
Chapter 1: Introduction
For Paper 3A:
[1a.1] Write a short Statement about the paper [1 mark]
This study studied the association between customer satisfaction from quality of service and
loyalty in the Israeli hi-tech industry. The study adopted a mixed methods research which
blended qualitative with quantitative methodologies, and was done in two phases. Phase One
included qualitative data gathering approaches, including semi-structured interviews
undertaken with 18 top managers from the Israeli hi-tech industry. Then, in Phase-Two, a
closed-ended questionnaire was filled-in by 106 personnel from several market segments:
military, R&D and the operators and service providers.
[1a.2] Research Aim [1 mark]
This research aims at understanding how hi-tech industry behavior. This behavior is in terms

of how the company interacts with its customers. Get understand the quality of customers’

satisfaction and how do they maintain brand loyalty.

[1a.3] Research Objectives [1 mark]

The objectives are interacting with the customers to get their direct feedback. Study and
analysis of the results obtained from the study can affect understanding.
[1a.4] Research Questions [1 mark]
Among the questions to be addressed include, does customer’s attitude influence customer’s

loyalty, and if it does to what extent. In this military-oriented market, what is their

perspective on the competition? How is their perspective different or similar to other market

strategies? What characteristics of consumer behavior influence the buying pattern and brand

loyalty? Do these factors in any way influence the quality of the products that customers

finally buy?

[1a.5] Rationale [1 mark]

The rationale encountered is interaction may not be as extensive or informative to enable you

to gather all the required information. Some customers have a negative attitude about being

questioned therefore limiting the information to be gathered.

For Paper 3B:

[1b.1] Write a short Statement about the paper [1 mark]
The research is on management analysis as a whole in schools and its relationship with other

aspect.

[1b.2] Research Aim [1 mark]

The research aims at understanding the overall dynamics of management as professionalism.

The research intends to focus on the efficiency of management in an organization a d its

effects on the organization.

[1b.3] Research Objectives [1 mark]
Look at the results and performances of organizations and understand how management plays

part in their magnitude. Understand the management value system of monetary and

nonmonetary factors and finally consider the actions taken in case things do not function as

expected.

[1b.4] Research Questions [1 mark]

Research Questions include, what is management? what does it involve? Who is involved?
When and at what time. Are there any management principles or regulations involved in
management?
[1b.5] Rationale [1 mark]
However, during the research, you encounter several rationales. Inaccurate information.

Unrigged information due to continuing management evolution. Prejudgment may limit the

interaction hence the information to be gathered for the research.

Chapter 2: Research Philosophy

For Paper 3A:
[2a.1] State Philosophy [2 marks]
Philosophy is the fundamental and the basic operation of anything associated with logical

reasoning. In management, philosophy is the foundational and the set discipline of strategy

that is involved in running an organization

[2a,2] State a characteristic of Ontology [2 marks]

Ontology is a philosophical concept that studies things in their existence in a good domain

bound. Engage in semi structured interviews with hi-tech employees, customers, and even

competitors.

[2a.3] Evidence of Ontological Characteristic [2 marks]

Ontology first captures the information to be studied.it identifies the key concept to be

learned (Belcher &Hughes ,2021). They then code the captured information to conceptualize
it. After coding the information is then evaluated to try and get the sense behind that concept

then. 2a.4 A characteristic of Epistemology or Axiology

Ontology evidence is experimental. Statements are just written or said via manual literature

while experimental involves procedural experiments and computations. Axiology looks at the

value system of things.

[2a.4] A characteristic of Epistemology or Axiology [2 marks]

Axiology evaluates the organizational behavior s concerning the moral value system.

Consider virtuous things of hi-tech like courage, honesty in serving their customers

(Ibenzion,2014).

[2a.5] Evidence of Epistemology or Axiology [2 marks]

Axiology evaluates the organizational behavior s concerning the moral value system.

Consider virtuous things of hi-tech like courage, honesty in serving their customers

(Ibenzion,2014).

For Paper 3B:

[2b.1] State Philosophy [2 marks]
Philosophy in management articulates the fundamental operation of management concerning

the organizational structure involved. It helps to understand the disciplinaries around

management.

[2b.2] State a characteristic of Ontology [2 marks]

Ontology is a philosophical concept that studies management operations in their existence in

a good domain bound.

[2b.3] Evidence of Ontological Characteristic [2 marks]

Ontology first gathers all the managerial information that is relevant for its studies (Smith

&Firth 2011). Then it identifies the key management concepts to be analyzed. They then code

the captured information that tries to conceptualize it.

[2b.4] A characteristic of Epistemology or Axiology [2 marks]

Ontology is a philosophical concept that studies management operations in their existence in

a good domain bound. Ontology first gathers all the managerial information that is relevant

for its studies (Smith &Firth 2011). Then it identifies the key management concepts to be

analyzed. They then code the captured information that tries to conceptualize it.

[2b.5] Evidence of Epistemology or Axiology [2 marks]

After coding the management information is then evaluated to try and get the sense behind

that concept then finally document what has been analyzed, maybe for reference. 2b.4

Ontology evidence may be statemental or experimental. Statements are just written or said

via manual literature while experimental involves procedural experiments and computations

to come with the analysis. Axiology looks at the value system of things (Mukhopadlyay

&Gopta, 2014).

Chapter 3: Research Design/Strategy

For Paper 3A:
[3a.1] Identify Research design/ Strategy [2 marks]
This is the overall method or phenomenon chosen to approach and deal with the concept you

are studying or researching on. It accounts for the methods and techniques and results of hi-

tech.

[3a.2] Four Pros of Research Design / Strategy [4 marks]

The pros of research design include dealing with should be true and consistent information or

data. There is no room for alleged or assumed data concerning the strategy. Empathize with

the hi-tech operational structure and employees so that you get more and efficient
information. Be focused and have clearly outlined priority functionalities during the project.

Products and services of value to the employees and the customer (Maarouf, 2019). However,

strategy design has its demerits. It is expensive.

[3a.3] Four Cons of Research Design / Strategy [4 marks]

Collecting and gathering all the required information, preparing and carrying out the research

is very costly especially in a military organization. It is time-consuming. It involves a lot of

activities with procedurally of going about them thus takes a lot of time. Low Engagement

may be information acquired. Sometimes the information acquired may not be correct.

For Paper 3B:

[3b.1] Identify Research design/ Strategy [2 marks]
This is the overall method on phenomena chosen to approach or deal with the concept you are

studying or researching on. It accounts for the methods and techniques used in the managerial

study.in this case through hypothesis and semi structured interviews.

[3b.2] Four Pros of Research Design / Strategy [4 marks]

The pros of strategy design include the data or the information being dealt with should be true

and consistent. In this case, we handling factual management. Empathize with the managers

and other employees to get efficient information (Dawson, 2014). Have clearly outlined

priority functionalities to avoid confusion since you will meet many people and obstacles

while interacting with these managers. The employees should have respect for their

managers.

[3b.3] Four Cons of Research Design / Strategy [4 marks]

The cons of research strategy are, it is expensive. Collecting and gathering come along with

costly expenses. Time-consuming. It involves interviewing managers that may take long

hours. Low Engagement. Since managers are always busy.

Chapter 4: Data Collection and Interpretation

For Paper3A:
[4a.1] Address Sample Size [1 mark].
106 businesses from the Israeli hi-tech industry were surveyed as part of this study to
discover the various relationships and influences.
[4a.2] Address Ethical aspect [1mark].
Ethical sample obeys all the required rules and operation requirements of the strategy design.

It either does not violate the rights of the hi-tech and other parties involved in the research. It

should come along with honesty, trustworthiness, and professionalism.

[4a.3] Address the reliability aspect [1 mark].

The reliability aspect ascertains that information can be depended on for a certain study. It

should be the truth and comes out with the same results consistently

[4a.4] Address the validity aspect [1 mark].

Validity aspects reveal the magnitude or the extent of accuracy of the study and the results

obtained in any testing or measurement (Helfaya & Moussa ,2017). The information acquired

was used to understand business relationships with the NISKO-ADARN group.

[4a.5] Address the "best practice" aspect [3 marks].

Best suitable practice outlines the most suitable ways to research to give the most efficient

and prudent results. In this case, a semi-structured interview was effective.

[4a.6] Address the “fit-for-purpose” aspect [3 marks].

“Fit-for-purpose” aspect highlights and reveal conditions or the relevant requirement that are

adequate for the research. Hypothesis and semi structured interview were fit for the research.

For Paper 3B:

[4b.1] Address Sample Size [1 mark].
Sample size shows the number of managers chosen to be interviewed or making hypothesis

about the overall management.

[4b.2] Address Ethical aspect [1mark].

An ethical sample obeys all the required rules and operation requirements of the design. and

considers the organizational ethics thereby it comfortable for all parties involved.

[4b.3] Address the reliability aspect [1 mark].

Reliability aspect is when the collected sample or rather an information can be used for future

management dynamics.

[4b.4] Address the validity aspect [1 mark].

It shows the magnitude or the extent of accuracy of the management research study and the

applicability of the obtained results in management (Rose, 2014).

[4b.5] Address the "best practice" aspect [3 marks].

Best practice outlines the most suitable ways to carry out the management research to give

the most efficient and prudent results.

[4b.6] Address the “fit-for-purpose” aspect [3 marks].

Fit for purpose reveals conditions or the relevant requirement that are adequate for the

research.

Chapter 5: Conclusion
For Paper 3A:
[5a.1] 5 Valid Advantages for Quantitative Analysis [5 marks]
Advantages for Quantitative Analysis include larger sample was obtained hence one can

easily make a broader study of hi-tech more subjects and enabling more generalization of

results. Objectivity and accurate results due to fewer variables are involved as data relating to

close-ended information (Kirby, 2017). It was faster and easier method of research due to the

strategy design chosen which does not take long hours. More cost-effective since it was a

quant survey is typically far less than in a qual interview that comes with a lot of expenses.

[5a.2] 5 Valid Disadvantages for Qualitative Analysis [5 marks]

Disadvantages of qualitative Analysis include Less detail: Results are based on numerical

responses and therefore did not offer much insight into thoughts and behaviors, whereby lack

context. Increased Artificiality: Research was carried out in an unnatural environment so that

control can be easily and effectively applied, this means that the results might differ from

'real world' findings therefore we end up with faulty results hence wrong judgements. It is

limiting that is in terms of pre-set answers might mask how people behave or think, urging

them to select an answer that may not reflect in any way.

For Paper 3B:

[5a.1] 5 Valid Advantages for Qualitative Analysis [5 marks]
Qualitative Analysis is adequate due to various reasons that include the reasons discussed
below. Qualitative approaches to research are not bound by the limitations of quantitative
methods. If responses don’t fit the researcher’s expectation or do not account to some
theoretical operation concepts, that’s equally useful qualitative data to add context and may
be explain something that numbers only are unable to reveal. It provides a much more
flexible approach and viable results. Qualitative data captures information that allows
researchers to be far from more speculative about management since it is factual. Qualitative
research is more targeted because it is far more concentrated, sampling specific groups and
key points in a company to gather meaningful data. It easily captures managers changing
attitudes within a target group such as consumers of a product or service, or attitudes in the
workplace.
[5a.2] 5 Valid Disadvantages for Quantitative Analysis [5 marks]
Disadvantages for Quantitative Analysis are; Self-selection bias may arise when managers

ask staff to do voluntary work to increase productivity statistics. The artificiality of

qualitative data capture. The act of bringing together managers to gather information or

question them is inevitably outside of the typical influences the organization in unforeseen

ways (Esther et al,2012). You can only get answers to questions you think to ask if you ask

managers the relevant question. In qualitative approaches, asking about “how” and “why” can

be hugely informative, but if researchers are not able to ask such questions it may lead to

missing information that could have been very impactful in the research done. Therefore, in

sighting the wrong results and conclusion. Sample size used can be a big problem. The
feedback obtained from interviewing several managers and their managerial system may not

reflect other management norms of all managers (Noordegraf & Wit, 2012). Sample bias in

that human resource managers are left out with the task of finding the views of the workforce

may be influenced by both conscious and unconscious factors thus giving wrong results about

all other managers.

References
Dawson, J. F. (2014). Moderation in management research: What, why, when, and

how. Journal of business and psychology, 29(1), 1-19.

Easterby-Smith, M., Thorpe, R., & Jackson, P. R. (2012). Management research. Sage.

Ibenzion, I.O. (2014). ‘Satisfaction and loyalty management in the Israeli hi-tech industry.’
Managerial Challenges of the Contemporary Society. 7 (1), 21-28.
Mukhopadhyay, S., & Gupta, R. K. (2014). Survey of qualitative research methodology in

strategy research and implication for Indian researchers. Vision, 18(2), 109-123.

Noordegraaf, M. and Wit, B. de. (2012). ‘Responses to managerialism: how management

pressures affect managerial relations and loyalties in education’. Public

Administration. 90(4), 957–973.

Smith, J., & Firth, J. (2011). Qualitative data analysis: the framework approach. Nurse

researcher, 18(2), 52-62.

Rose, S., Spinks, N., & Canhoto, A. (2014). Management research: Applying the principles.
Routledge.