Verbal Ability

INDEX

Part Chapter No. Topic Name Page

1 Vocabulary Based Questions 1

Part - I (Vocabulary &
Grammar)
2 Grammar Based Questions 6

1 Sentence Arrangements 10

2 Assumptions 13

Part - II (Logic) 3 Cause & Effect 16

4 Inferences 19

5 Arguments 22

Part - III (Comprehension) 1 Reading Comprehension 25

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 PART - I

VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

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Chapter 01: Vocabulary Based Questions

Type 1 - Synonyms
8. MYTH
Directions: In each of the following questions, [1] Truth [2] Fact
out of the four options, choose the one which [3] Falsehood [4] Story
best expresses the meaning of the given word
and mark it as the answer. 9. ROUGH
[1] Refined [2] Charming
1. OBSESSION [3] Smooth [4] Polite
[1] Preoccupation [2] Suspicion
[3] Frustration [4] Dejection 10. AUDACIOUS
[1] Meek [2] Cowardly
2. PRIORITY [3] Mild [4] Gentle
[1] Urgency [2] Protocol
[3] Precedence [4] Necessity Type 3 - Synonyms & Antonyms

3. TOXIC Directions: In each of the following questions,

[1] Bitter [2] Foul-smelling four words are given of which two are most
[3] Remedial [4] Poisonous nearly the same or opposite in meaning. Find
the two words which are most nearly the same
4. LITTLE or opposite in meaning and find the number of
[1] Trivial [2] Petty the correct letter combination.
[3] Sample [4] Simple
11. (A) Vocal (B) Benign
5. BEAUTIFUL (C)Unpleasant (D) Drastic
[1] Handsome [2] Alluring [1] A-B [2] B-C
[3] Appealing [4] Attractive [3] C-D [4] A-C

Type 2 - Antonyms 12. (A) Charming (B) Placid

(C)Adventurous (D) Calm
Directions: In each of the following questions, [1] A-B [2] B-C
out of the four options, choose the one which [3] C-D [4] B-D
best expresses the opposite meaning of the
given word and mark it as the answer. 13. (A) Bizarre (B) Offensive
(C) Usual (D) Brisk
6. ANXIOUS [1] A-B [2] B-C
[1] Fearful [2] Worried [3] C-D [4] A-C
[3] Calm [4] Concerned
14. (A) Inspiration (B) Intuition
7. EVIDENT (C) Influence (D)Innovation
[1] Definite [2] Careless [1] A-B [2] A-C
[3] Clear [4] Obscure [3] A-D [4] B-C

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decided to go out and meet some friends.

15. (A) Ordinary (B) Vague [1] read [2] had been reading
(C) Custom (D)Exceptional [3] had read [4] will have read
[1] A-B [2] B-C
[3] C-D [4] A-D 23. Dipto believed that wild animals attacked man
because they were ________ of him.
Type 4 - One Word Substitution [1] take care [2] beware
[3] afraid [4] guilty
Directions: In each of the following questions, out of
the four options, choose the one which can be 24. There have been many philosophers, scientists,
substituted for the given sentence. artists and politicians who claim that they are
________ of the world.
16. He is a doctor who is a specialist in skin diseases. [1] beings [2] citizens
[1] Cardiologist [2] Physician [3] peoples [4] neighbours
[3] Dermatologist [4] Physicist
25. Poverty must be ________ and the basic necessities
17. Killing of a child. of life should be made available to everyone.
[1] Homicide [2] Genocide [1] destroyed [2] eliminated
[3] Infanticide [4] Suicide [3] finished [4] magnified

18. Science dealing with bird life. Type 6 - Fill In The Blanks (Double Blanks)
[1] Zoology [2] Ornithology
Directions: In each of the following questions, each
[3] Etymology [4] Philology
sentence has two blanks. Below each sentence
there are four options each containing a pair of
19. Fear of being enclosed in a small closed space.
words. Select the pair of words that can be filled up in the
[1] Agoraphobia [2] Claustrophobia
blanks in the sentence in the same sequence to make the
[3] Xenophobia [4] Paranoia
sentence meaningfully complete.

20. One who collects coins.

[1] Archaeologist [2] Numismatist 26. People ________ to work hard if you ________ certain
[3] Philatelist [4] Connoisseur conditions on them.
[1] decide, negotiate [2] try, thrust
Type 5 - Fill In The Blanks (Single Blank) [3] plan, invoke [4] hesitate, impose

Directions: Select the most effective word/phrase 27. People who are ________ can ________ their things
from the given options to fill in the blank to make the in an orderly manner.
sentence meaningfully complete. [1] upright, keep [2] thrifty, perform
[3] punctual, manage [4] indecisive, do
21. Amol informed me about the accident which had
________ four days before. 28. When the mob turned ________, the police opened
[1] took place [2] had taken fire to control the ________ situation.
[3] occurred [4] had happened [1] away, burning [2] up, untoward
[3] quietly, aggravate [4] hostile, rioting
22. After Lalit ________ the magazines and novels, he

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29. The Parliament voted to ________ the ban ________ (II) The elected ________ is responsible for major
drinking. policy changes.
[1] invoke, for [2] revoke, of [1] being [2] body
[3] prohibit, prevented [4] repeal, on [3] representative [4] segment

30. The company has ________ special training to Type 8 - Fill In The Blanks (Sentence Equivalence)
employees on ________ to trade online.
[1] announced, benefits [2] offered, course Directions: In each of the following questions,
[3] sanction, skills [4] provided, how there is a single sentence with one blank only.
There are six words and from the six words select
Type 7 - Fill In The Blanks (Common Word) two words, either of which will make the sentence
meaningfully complete.
Directions: In each of these questions
two sentences (I) and (II) are given. Each 36. Hemant claimed that his parents had ________ him.
sentence has a blank in it. Four options each (A) examined (B) deserted
containing a word are suggested. Out of these (C) abandoned (D) scolded
only one fits at both the places in the context of (E) refused (F) detested
each sentence. Select the most appropriate [1] (A) and (B) [2] (B) and (C)
option. [3] (D) and (E) [4] (E) and (F)
31. (I) He has now become a ________ to reckon with.
(II) It is better not to use ________ to prove one’s point. 37. Anshul was charged with ________ a six-month-old
[1] model [2] force Child.
[3] coercion [4] name (A) abducting (B) beating
(C) scolding (D) kidnapping
32. (I) Vivek tried his ________ best to score distinction (E) hurting (F) loving
in this exam. [1] (A) and (D) [2] (A) and (B)
(II) It plays to keep a ________ head in an emergency. [3] (A) and (C) [4] (D) and (E)
[1] cool [2] utmost
[3] very [4] level 38. Now that the problem has been identified ________
action can be taken.
33. (I) The system is working with ________ to getting (A) suitable (B) obvious
things done. (C) strict (D) valuable
(II) ________ must be commanded and not demanded. (E) appropriate (F) necessary
[1] status [2] relation [1] (A) and (E) [2] (B) and (F)
[3] attitude [4] respect [3] (C) and (D) [4] (B) and (D)

34. (I) There is a complaint against him that he ________ 39. I am ________ why she has not called.
the mistakes of his juniors. (A) baffled (B) confused
(II) A good thing about this house is that it ________ the (C) surprised (D) well
sea. (E) delighted (F) accomplished
[1] ignores [2] promotes [1] (A) and (B) [2] (C) and (F)
[3] examines [4] overlooks [3] (E) and (F) [4] (D) and (E)

35. (I) The human ________ has its own healing powers. 40. Lalit was ________ for refusing to work on Sunday.

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(A) fired (B) humiliated 46. [1] concluded [2] discussed

(C) patronized (D) fumbled [3] discouraged [4] valued
(E) sacked (F) hindered
[1] (A) and (C) [2] (B) and (C) 47. [1] final [2] ultimately
[3] (C) and (D) [4] (A) and (E) [3] important [4] hasty

Type 9 - Cloze Passages 48. [1] by [2] from

[3] with [4] to
Directions: In the following passage, there are
multiple blanks, each of which has been numbered. 49. [1] advance [2] share
These numbers are printed below the passage and [3] fee [4] raise
against each, four words are suggested, one of
which fits the blank appropriately. Select the 50. [1] credit [2] disapproved
appropriate word for each blank so that the entire [3] criticized [4] offended
passage is meaningfully complete.
Type 10 - Idioms & Phrases (Contextual)
Although he is no longer alive, __ [41] __ his
influence can be felt in the studio __ [42] __ he Directions: In each of the following questions, four
created cartoons and feature films which made him options are given for the highlighted idiom/phrase in
known and __ [43] __ around the world. __ [44] __ the sentence. Choose the option which best
many people who work to create humour, he took it expresses the meaning of the underlined idiom/
very seriously. He would sit __ [45] __ the funniest phrase and mark it as the answer.
cartoon concentrating on some way to improve it.
Walt Disney __ [46] __ the opinions of those working 51. As the bomb exploded people ran helter-skelter.
with him but the __ [47] __ judgement was always his. [1] In great fear [2] In disorderly haste
He demanded a lot __ [48] __ people but he gave a lot [3] In haste [4] In great sorrow
too. When the economy was not doing well he gave
every one a __ [49] __ and though some __ [50] __ of 52. In the securities scam, the national credibility was
this, it gave his employees' morale a boost. at stake.
41. [1] yet [2] even [1] On trial [2] Under pressure
[3] and [4] till [3] In danger [4] Challenged

42. [1] from [2] where 53. Amol was all at sea when he began his new job.
[3] which [4] while [1] Happy [2] Sad
[3] Puzzled [4] Triumphant
43. [1] respect [2] seen
[3] loved [4] entertained 54. The failure of crops in successive years put the
farmer in a tight corner. [1]
44. [1] For [2] To In a closed room [2] In a small field
[3] Without [4] Like [3] In a difficult situation [4] In a meadow

45. [1] on [2] until 55. Amol’s statement is out-and-out a lie.

[3] front [4] through [1] Totally [2] Simply
[3] Merely [4] Slightly

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62. [1] Submitted [2] Admitted

Type 11 - Idioms & Phrases (Direct) [3] Comitted [4] Omitted

Directions: In each of these questions, four options 63. [1] Carrier [2] Carreer
are given for the given idiom/phrase. Choose the [3] Courier [4] Barrier
option which best expresses the meaning of the
given idiom/phrase and mark it as the answer. 64. [1] Responsibility [2] Oppertunity
[3] Possibility [4] Generosity
56. At a snail's pace
[1] To do things very slowly [2] To walk like a snail 65. [1] Tailor [2] Sculpter
[3] To lack interest in work [4] To be methodical [3] Doctor [4] Fitter

57. To have second thoughts Type 13 - Spelling Errors (Correct Spelling)

[1] To change decision
[3] To take someone
58. To fight tooth and nail
[1] To fight a losing battle
[3] To fight cowardly
[2] To plan carefully
[4] To reconsider Directions: In each of the following questions,
either a word has been written in four different
ways or there are four different words out of which
[2] To fight heroically only one is correctly spelt. Choose the correctly
[4] To try very hard spelt word and mark it as the answer.

59. To put up with 66. [1] Successfully [2] Sucessfully

[1] To accommodate [2] To adjust [3] Succesfully [4] Successfuly
[3] To understand [4] To tolerate
67. [1] Fullfil [2] Ill Will
60. Look up to [3] Fabbulous [4] Usefull
[1] Respect [2] Examine
[3] Visit [4] Despise 68. [1] Adrass [2] Addres
[3] Address [4] Adrress
Type 12 - Spelling Errors (Incorrect Spelling)
69. [1] Expact [2] Impact
Directions: In each of these questions, identify the [3] Exite [4] Impect
incorrectly spelt word and mark it as the answer.
70. [1] Skillful [2] Skilfull
61. [1] Elementary [2] Secondary [3] Skilful [4] Skillfull
[3] Laundary [4] Momentary

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Chapter 02: Grammar Based Questions
Type 1 - Voice
Directions: In each of the following questions, a
sentence has been given in Active or Passive voice.
From the given options, choose the one which best
expresses the given sentence in Passive or Active
voice and mark it as the answer.
1. The teacher punished the boys who had not done
their homework.
[1] The boys who had not done their homework had
been punished by their teacher.
[2] The boys were punished by their teacher who had
not done their homework.
[3] The boys who had not done their homework were
punished by the teacher.
[4] The boys who had not done their homework were
being punished by the teacher.
2. Our colleague was given a gift by us when she
retired.
[1] Our colleague gave us a gift when she retired.
[2] Our colleague took a gift from us when she retired.
[3] A gift was given to our colleague when she retired.
[4] We gave our colleague a gift when she retired.
3. Has somebody broken the window?
[1] Have the window been broken?
[2] Had the window been broken by somebody?
[3] Has the window been broken by somebody?
[4] Has been the window broken?
4. The children are making a noise.
[1] A noise is made by the children.
[2] A noise is being made by the children.
[3] The children should be making a noise.
[4] A noise has been made by the children.
5. The news has been brought to us by him.
[1] He brought us the news.
[2] He has brought us the news.
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[3] He was brought the news to us.
[4] We brought the news to him.
6. He was congratulated by his teacher on his brilliant
success in the recent examination.
[1] His teacher congratulated him on his brilliant
success in the recent examination.
[2] His teacher congratulated him for his success in the
examination.
[3] His teacher congratulated him on his success.
[4] His teacher congratulated him.
7. People speak English all over the world.
[1] English is spoken all over the world.
[2] English was spoken all over the world.
[3] English was spoken by people.
[4] English is spoken by people.
8. Who gave you permission to enter?
[1] By whom were you given permission to enter?
[2] By whom was you given permission to enter?
[3] By whom you were given permission to enter?
[4] By whom given you permission to enter?
9. The Principal has granted him a scholarship.
[1] A scholarship has granted to him by the Principal.
[2] He has been granted a scholarship by the Principal.
[3] He has granted a scholarship by the Principal.
[4] A scholarship was granted to him by the Principal.
10. Before festivals the shops are thronged with men,
women and children making various purchases.
[1] During festivals people throng the shops.
[2] Men, women and children throng the shops before
festivals making various purchases.
[3] Men, women and children make purchases during
festivals.
[4] Only the shops are thronged by people making
purchases.

Type 2 – Narration
Directions: In each of the following questions, a
sentence has been given in Direct or Indirect form.
From the given options, choose the one which best
expresses the given sentence in Indirect or Direct
form and mark it as the answer.
11. My husband said to me, “Wait for me outside”.
[1] My husband told me to wait for him outside.
[2] My husband said that I must wait for him outside.
[3] My husband wanted me to wait for him only
outside.
[4] My husband angrily asked me to wait outside.
12. He complimented that she had done very well.
[1] He said to her, “Alas! You did very well”.
[2] He said to her, “Very good, she has done very well.”
[3] He said to her, “How should you do so well?
[4] He said to her, “Very good, you have done
very well!”
13. My friend said to me, “Has your father returned
from Kolkata?”
[1] My friend said to me that my father has returned
from Kolkata.
[2] My friend asked me if my father had returned from
Kolkata.
[3] My friend told me that his father had returned from
Kolkata.
[4] My friend enquired me if his father had returned
from Kolkata.
14. He said he goes for a walk every morning.
[1] He said, “I went for a walk every morning”.
[2] He said, “I go for a walk every morning”.
[3] He said, “I will go for a walk every morning”.
[4] He said, “He goes for a walk every morning”.
15. Gita said, “This is my book”.
[1] Gita said that this is her book.
[2] Gita told that this was her book.
[3] Gita said that it was her book.
[4] Gita said that this was her book.
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16. Looking at the accident, the passenger said, “What
a tragedy it is!”
[1] Looking at the accident, the passenger exclaimed
that it was a great tragedy.
[2] Looking at the accident, the passenger said what a
tragedy it was.
[3] The passenger said it was a tragedy.
[4] The passenger was surprised at the terrible
tragedy.
17. The speaker said to the audience, “Lend me your
ears and make note of my speech.”
[1] The speaker ordered the audience to lend their ear
to him and make note of his speeches.
[2] The speaker requested the audience to lend him
their ears and make note of his speech.
[3] The speaker told that the audience should lend
their ears to him and make note of his speech.
[4] The speaker wanted the audience to lend their ears
and make note of his speech.
18. You said to me last week, “You are my best friend.”
[1] You told me last week that I was your best friend.
[2] You told me last week he is my best friend.
[3] You told me last week she is his best friend.
[4] You told me last week you are my best friend.
19. “I don’t know the way. Do you?” He asked me.
[1] He said that he didn’t know the way and I knew it.
[2] He told me that he didn’t know the way and asked
me whether I did.
[3] He said to me that I should find the way for him.
[4] He asked me to show the way as he didn’t know it.
20. The children’s mother warned them not to go near
the sea.
[1] The children’s mother said, “Don’t you go near the
sea, children”.
[2] The children’s mother asked them “Don’t you go
near the sea?”
[3] The children’s mother said her children, “You should
not go near the sea.”
[4] The children’s mother ordered them, “You ought
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not to go near the sea.” 29. Since you are unable [1]/ to repay the loan you
have no alternate [2]/ but to seek [3]/ an extension.
Type 3 – Error Detection In Specific Words [4]/ All correct [5]

Directions: In each of the following questions, a 30. A major [1]/ disadvantage [2]/ of this deal is that
sentence is given with four underlined words. One we shall have to bear [3]/ the cost [4]/ of training. All
of them may be wrongly spelt or inappropriate in correct [5]
the context of the sentence. Find out the word,
which is wrongly spelt or inappropriate if there is Type 4 – Fill In The Blanks (Phrasal Verbs)
any. The number of that word is the answer. If all
the words, which are underlined, are Directions: Select the correct phrasal verb from the
correctly spelt and appropriate in the given options to fill in the blank to make the
context of the sentence, then mark [5] as sentence meaningfully complete.
the answer i.e. All Correct.
31. It is no use ________ the system.
21. Gandhiji is known [1]/ for his successful [2]/ [1] kicking around [2] kicking against
afforts [3]/ to liberate [4]/ India. All correct [5] [3] kicking down [4] kicking in

22. The cruelties [1]/ of history [2]/ are perpetrated 32. I spent the evening ________ in the hotel’s lounge.
[3]/ in the name of nobal [4]/ causes. All correct [5] [1] kicking about [2] kicking off
[3] kicking back [4] kicking out
23. The popular [1]/ understanding of the [2]/
incidence [3]/ was that he had resigned. [4]/ All 33. “Just leave that to me” she ________.
correct [5] [1] hurried on [2] hurried in
[3] hurried up [4] hurried out
24. He firmly [1]/ denied [2]/ that the document [3]/
existed. [4]/ All Correct [5] 34. Pallavi was ________ for poor hand writing.
[1] marked off [2] marked out
25. Today banks offer [1]/ the facility [2]/ of instint [3] marked up [4] marked down
[3]/ transfer [4]/ of funds to their customers. All
correct [5]. 35. Priya ________ the streets, hoping to see Rati.
[1] mooned over [2] mooned down
26. Mr. Goga is a popular [1]/ leader since he deligates [3] mooned around [4] mooned about
[2]/ authority [3]/ to his subordinates [4]/. All correct
[5] 36. I think the batteries are ________.
[1] running about [2] running off
27. The manager was accompanied [1]/ by several [3] running down [4] running in
[2]/ experts when he surveyed [3]/ the devastation
[4]/ caused by the fire. All correct [5] 37. Piyu ________ to the day they first met.
[1] thought back [2] thought over
28. Corporates have benefited tremendously [1]/ from [3] thought about [4] thought through
the government’s timely [2]/ decision to waive [3]/
various tax. [4]/ All correct [5] 38. Arup found the rules very difficult to ________.
[1] adhere on [2] adhere with

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[3] adhere to [4] adhere in [1] at [2] of

[3] with [4] off
39. Jyotika ________ her final exams.
[1] sailed over [2] sailed under 47. Emmanuel Kant’s ideas were completely different
[3] sailed into [4] sailed through ________ those of his contemporary philosophers.
[1] than [2] from
40. I ________ my book. [3] off [4] with
[1] thumbed into [2] thumbed through
[3] thumbed over [4] thumbed across 48. As a passionate reader, I am familiar ________ Ayn
Rand’s theory of objectivism.
Type 5 – Fill In The Blanks (Prepositions) [1] to [2] with
[3] about [4] over
Directions: Select the correct preposition from
the given options to fill in the blank to 49. The Russian diplomat ignored the raging crowd
make the sentence meaningfully complete. protesting ________ his visit to India.
[1] at [2] against
41. The glittering jewels inside the glass showcase [3] over [4] on
were accompanied ________ their beautiful owner.
[1] by [2] with 50. A man is judged ________ his actions rather than his
[3] both [4] neither words.
[1] by [2] on
42. The abbot was known for his strict adherence [3] for [4] around
________ rules in the monastery.
[1] of [2] to
[3] both [4] neither

43. The students aiming ________ a seat in the

prestigious B-schools would do well to master the
English language.
[1] at [2] for
[3] both [4] neither

44. A medical attendant assisted him ________ cleaning

his wounds after the boxing match.
[1] in [2] to
[3] into [4] on

45. You should be careful ________ your money or you

will lose it.
[1] with [2] of
[3] about [4] around

46. Sameer was disgusted ________ the greed of his

relatives after his father’s demise.

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 PART - II

LOGIC

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Chapter 01: Sentence Arrangements
Type 1 - Sentence Arrangements (Option Based)
Directions: In each of the following questions,
there are some sentences. The sentences need to
be arranged in logical order to form a coherent
paragraph. From the given options, choose the
most appropriate option.
1. (A) I wish I had more time, so that I could visit the
odd nooks and corners of India.
(B) And yet I have not seen many parts of the country
we love so much and seek to serve.
(C) Our own country is a little world in itself with an
infinite variety and places for us to discover.
(D) I have travelled a great deal in this country and I
have grown in years.
[1] DCBA [2] DBCA
[3] ADBC [4] CDBA
2. (A) It was with this invincible spirit that Netaji
opposed Wavell’s offer.
(B) “Japan’s surrender is not India’s surrender,” he said.
(C) The revolutionary spirit of Netaji was never
dampened even after the surrender of Japan.
(D) He knew that a war of liberation demanded great
spirit, great sacrifice, courage and patience.
[1] BCDA [2] BCAD
[3] CBAD [4] CBDA
3. (A) But all work is not education.
(B) In India, a majority of our people do hard work,
strenuous physical work, but all are not educated.
(C) It aims at concrete and objective realization of the
ideas and is of great educative value.
(D) “Work” is that activity of man which has a definite
objective.
[1] DCAB [2] BCDA
[3] BACD [4] DBCA
4. (A) Hari Prasad Nanda is one such person who
worked his way to the top from the scratch.
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(B) A few of them had a spark of proved adventure and
their initiative, dedication and sincerity brought them
spectacular success.
(C) The partition of India into India and Pakistan made
several migrants to India penniless.
(D) He rose to become a first-generation entrepreneur
with the second largest complex to his credit.
[1] ADBC [2] ADCB
[3] CBAD [4] CBDA
5. (A) They think that India will disintegrate like the
Soviet Union or Yugoslavia.
(B) What will be the exact shape of India in 2000 AD
can only be a matter of surmise.
(C) On the contrary, the blind patriots foresee a very
bright future for India.
(D) The prophets of doom say that the future of India is
doomed.
[1] BCDA [2] BDAC
[3] DABC [4] DBAC
6. (A) By increasing these connections the intelligence
is also increased.
(B) Classical music has been proved to be very helpful
in child development.
(C) Many doctors now-a-days use it for therapeutic
purposes which are based upon the findings of this
research.
(D) The research has demonstrated that listening to
classical music increases the rate of nervous
connections in brain.
[1] BDCA [2] DBAC
[3] ACBD [4] BDAC
7. (A) This right, however, comes along with the
responsibility which the press is forced to work with.
(B) It means that the pressmen have every right to
expose matters related to public and national interest.
(C) Such responsibilities include not broadcasting
matters related to national security and other sensitive
issues.
 P a g e | 11

(D) Freedom of press is symbolic of democracy.
[1] DBCA [2] DBAC
[3] ABCD [4] BDAC
8. (A) A popular example of this damage is the Taj
Mahal, whose marble has been corroded due to acid
rain.
(B) It changes the acidic content of water bodies, thus
affecting the lives of the living organisms of this
habitat.
(C) Acid rain has been a major factor responsible for
the degradation of the environment.
(D) Along with affecting the living beings, it is also
responsible for the corrosion of several heritage
buildings, thus causing irreparable damages to them.
[1] CBAD [2] CDBA
[3] BADC [4] CBDA
9. (A) Along with missing their education, these
children also face life-threatening dangers by working
in hazardous chemical factories.
(B) Child labor has been interfering with the education
of millions of children across India.
(C) However, there is a dire need to reinforce these
laws strictly throughout the country.
(D) Many laws have been framed in order to curb this
evil.
[1] BADC [2] CBAD
[3] DBAC [4] BDAC
Type 2 - Sentence Arrangements (No Options)
Directions: In each of the following questions,
rearrange the following six sentences in the
proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph.
Then answer the questions given below them.
(A) While doing so, we may also correct any
distortions that we may discern.
(B) With all our experience and insight, we should be
able to visualize them well in advance.
(C) The celebration of the 50th anniversary of the
country’s independence is a historic moment.
(D) Also, it is a time to consolidate on the gains that we
have made.
(E) But, most of all, it is a time to gear up for the
opportunities and challenges that lie ahead.
(F) It is a time to introspect and evaluate what we
have achieved in the last five decades.
11. Which of the following should be the 4th statement
after rearrangement?
[1] E [2] D
[3] C [4] B
12. Which of the following should be the 6th statement
after rearrangement?
[1] A [2] B
[3] C [4] D

10. (A) Their invention has been proved to be a boon 13. Which of the following should be the 2nd statement
to the society since many diseases caused by the after rearrangement?
microbes could be cured by these antibiotics. [1] F [2] E
(B) The scientists, therefore, face a continuous [3] D [4] C
challenge to keep inventing newer drugs to counter
this problem. 14. Which of the following should be the 3rd statement
(C) A major hurdle in the use of antibiotics, however, is after rearrangement?
that the microbes develop resistance to the [1] B [2] C
antibiotics, thus rendering these ineffective. [3] D [4] E
(D) Antibiotics are chemical substances produced by
microbes which can inhibit the growth of other 15. Which of the following should be the 1st statement
microbes. after rearrangement?
[1] BACD [2] CBAD [1] F [2] E
[3] DABC [4] DACB [3] D [4] C

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(A) Other factors are important in determining (B) In spring of 1963, an alarmed King Hussain invited a
whether a stock market decline causes an economic group of British scholars, scientists and naturalists.
setback. (C) He also wanted them to cover the deserts to the
(B) We tend to associate a stock market crash with an east of the mountains.
economic slump. (D) He wanted them to conduct an extensive survey of
(C) The two most important factors are the impact on the mountains on the eastern side of the Dead Sea.
the banking sector and policy response to the crash. (E) The problem of conservation of forests and forest
(D) That is because we have seen such a link several birds and nature in general was thus set rolling.
times in the past. (F) Accordingly, an expedition of internationally
(E) But there is no automatic link between the stock known experts in conservation, botany, ornithology, etc
market crash and the economic downturn, say experts. went to Jordan.
(F) For example, the Great Depression followed the
Great Crash of 1929 in the US. 21. Which of the following should be the 5th statement
after rearrangement?
16. Which of the following should be the 1st statement [1] A [2] B
after rearrangement? [3] C [4] D
[1] A [2] B
[3] C [4] D 22. Which of the following should be the 1st statement
after rearrangement?
17. Which of the following should be the 2nd statement [1] A [2] B
after rearrangement? [3] C [4] D
[1] A [2] B
[3] C [4] D 23. Which of the following should be the 6th statement
after rearrangement?
18. Which of the following should be the 3rd statement [1] A [2] B
after rearrangement? [3] C [4] E
[1] B [2] C
[3] D [4] F 24. Which of the following should be the 2nd statement
after rearrangement?
19. Which of the following should be the 5th statement [1] F [2] E
after rearrangement? [3] D [4] C
[1] A [2] B
[3] C [4] D 25. Which of the following should be the 4th statement
after rearrangement?
20. Which of the following should be the 6th statement [1] F [2] E
after rearrangement? [3] D [4] C
[1] A [2] B
[3] C [4] D

(A) They collected plants, counted birds, explored the

areas and photographed the terrain, the fauna & made
their recommendations.

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Chapter 02: Assumptions
Directions: In each question below is given a
statement followed by two assumptions numbered
I and II. An assumption is something supposed or
taken for granted. Consider the statement and the
following assumptions and decide which of the
assumptions is implicit in the statement. Mark
answer
[1] if only assumption I is implicit.
[2] if only assumption II is implicit.
[3] if either I or II is implicit.
[4] if neither I nor II is implicit.
[5] if both I and II are implicit.
1. Statement: Teachers should strive to acquire
learning competence, develop commitment
to objectives and improve performance.
Assumptions:
(I) Nowadays, teachers are money-minded and have
strayed away from their main objective.
(II) The future of a country depends a lot on teachers.
2. Statement: Most of the defense personnel can
choose between right and wrong since they have basic
qualifications.
Assumptions:
(I) Basic qualification is necessary to differentiate
between right and wrong.
(II) Some defense personnel are unable to differentiate
between right and wrong.
3. Statement: Mr. Kohli has already played the best
part of his cricketing life and now he is just passing
time.
Assumptions:
(I) Mr. Kohli should now quit cricket.
(II) Mr. Kohli does not want to quit cricket.
4. Statement: Unless the officials do their duty honestly
and with the spirit to serve the nation, the constitution
of any number of safety boards amounts to nothing but
H R Mentors
P a g e | 13
paper work.
Assumptions:
(I) Safety boards are useless.
(II) Employees of the department can prevent
accidents.
5. Statement: In India, whenever a disaster occurs it is
time for the government to constitute a committee.
Assumptions:
(I) Making committees is an unnecessary exercise and
is meant to fool the public.
(II) No committee’s recommendations has been
implemented in the past.
6. Statement: A film is no different from a poem, a
story or a painting. Can one think of erasing a painting
for instance? Or, ask a poet to delete some lines of his
work? Sounds ridiculous! It is the same thing about a
film: one must see it in the form the director wants us
to see it.
Assumptions:
(I) Boards usually pressurise directors of a film to cut
some shots.
(II) Filmmakers should have the right to show
whatever they want.
7. Statement: Except emergency services like
ambulance, fire brigade and the police, no vehicle
should be given priority on the roads.
Assumptions:
(I) There are some vehicles other than emergency
services which are given priority on the roads.
(II) People will not mind the disturbance in traffic
caused by emergency services vehicles.
8. Statement: Mahatma Gandhi would have been
pained to see that leaders in his country have been
reduced to high living and simple thinking, instead of
the other way around.
Assumptions:
 P a g e | 14

(I) Mahatma Gandhi is father of the nation. (II) Politics is a game of manoeuvring
(II) Mahatma Gandhi believed in simple living and and manipulations.
high thinking. (III) The political scenario is peaceful.
[1] Only I [2] Only II
9. Statement: The next time you pick the handset of [3] Only III [4] All the three
your telephone, you may hear a pre-recorded
voice reminding you of your democratic right i.e. the
13. Statement: The license raj might have been
right to cast your vote.
vanquished by the reforms but inspector raj is
Assumptions:
thriving.
(I) The pre-recorded voice will increase the
Assumptions:
polling percentage.
(I) The license raj is the same as the inspector raj.
(II) People avoid casting their votes.
(II) The reforms should have put an end to the license
raj.
10. Statement: The Bhagavad Gita speaks of God’s
(III) The inspector raj is a menace.
intervention in the affairs of human beings to restore
[1] None [2] All the three
righteousness.
[3] Only I and III [4] Only II and III
Assumptions:
(I) Bhagavad Gita is a holy book.
(II) Human beings are guided by God. 14. Statement: “A rare opportunity to be a professional
while you are at home.” - Advertisement for
Directions: In each of the following questions a computer-literate housewives by a computer company
statement followed by three assumptions Assumptions:
numbered I, II and III. An assumption is something (I) Some housewives simultaneously desire to become
supposed or taken for granted. Consider the professional.
statement and the assumptions and decide which (II) Computer industry is growing at a fast pace.
of the assumptions is implicit in the statement. (III) It is possible to be a professional as well as a
From the given options, choose the most housewife.
appropriate option. [1] Only I and II [2] Only II and III
[3] Only I and III [4] Only II
11. Statement: “Let us enter into a deal with company
Y to come out of our financial crisis.” - Company X 15. Statement: India’s economic growth has come at a
Assumptions: terrible price of increased industrial and vehicular
(I) Company Y can bail company X out of its financial pollution.
crisis. Assumptions:
(II) Two companies can enter a deal. (I) Pollution is a part of industrial society.
(III) Company Y is financially sound. (II) Indian economic growth is based on only industrial
[1] Only II and III [2] Only II growth.
[3] Only I and III [4] None of these (III) A country desires economic growth with
manageable side-effects.
12. Statement: “Though party A is firm on the ouster [1] Only I [2] Only II
of party B, it is unlikely to reap any benefit from it.” - [3] Only I and III [4] Only III
a political observer
Assumptions: 16. Statement: Efforts to develop technologies more
(I) Party A expects to benefit from the ouster of appropriate to the needs of the poorest sections of
party B.

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 P a g e | 15

society need to be further intensified. conducting a written examination.

Assumptions: (II) A written examination can help to identify
(I) Nothing is impossible if proper efforts are made. competent persons.
(II) Technology needs are different for the different (III) At higher level, written examination may not be of
sections of society. much use.
(III) It is possible to develop appropriate technologies [1] Only I and II [2] Only II and III
for various economic sections of the society. [3] Only III [4] Only I and III
[1] Only I [2] Only III
[3] Only II [4] Both II and III 20. Statement: The Government of India has set up
one-stop facilitation counters manned by trained staff
17. Statement: “We have the distinction of being the to attend to the various needs of the foreign tourists at
only company in India as well as the second in the all the international airports.
world to have won an ISO 9002 quality certification in Assumptions:
our line of business” - Statement of company X’s (I) There are adequate trained staff available to man
Chairman. these counters in shifts.
Assumptions: (II) The services provided by these counters will help
(I) There were not many companies in the line of boost inflow of foreign tourists.
business of Company X. (III) Majority of the foreign tourists need variety of
(II) Getting ISO 9002 in the line of business of services when they reach India.
Company X is not easy. [1] Only I and II are implicit [2] Only III is implicit
(III) The company ‘X’ desires to expand its business. [3] Only II and III are implicit [4] All are implicit
[1] Only I [2] Only II
[3] Only III [4] Only II and III

18. Statement: Move into the upper echelons without

paying a steep price. Book a luxurious flat with us. -
Advertisement of a construction company for its
prestigious project
Assumptions:
(I) It is possible to join the select band of rich people by
hard work.
(II) Staying in luxury without paying steep price is the
criterion of upper crust of society.
(III) Booking a luxurious flat is very easy now.
[1] Only II [2] Only III
[3] Only II and III [4] None

19. Statement: The employees’ association of India has

appealed to the Managers of Company S to introduce
written examination for Clerical cadre recruitment to
prevent selection of incompetent persons.
Assumptions:
(I) So far Company S used to select candidates without

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Chapter 03: Cause & Effect
Type 1 - Cause & Effect (Simple)
Directions: Given below are pairs of events A and B.
You have to read both the events A and B and
decide their nature of relationship. Assume that the
information given in events A and B are true. Do
not assume anything other than the given
information in deciding the answer. Mark
[1] If A is the effect and B is its immediate and
principal cause.
[2] If A is the immediate and principal cause and B
is its effect.
[3] If A is an effect but B is not its immediate and
principal cause.
[4] If B is an effect but A is not its immediate and
principal cause.
[5] None of these
1. Event (A): The CBI has arrested the deputy director
general.
Event (B): He was alleged to have amassed a huge
number of assets through illegal and corrupt means.
2. Event (A): India is lodging a strong protest with
Pakistan for firing missiles at IAF helicopters.
Event (B): Pakistani troops were now targeting
even IAF helicopters flying well within the Indian side
of the international border.
3. Event (A): In one of the worst train disasters 400
people were killed.
Event (B): People were going from Delhi to Assam.
4. Event (A): A village in Delhi has reported over 52
jaundice cases this season.
Event (B): At several places in the village, leakages
in pipelines have resulted in accumulation of
water around the pipes.
5. Event (A): Doordarshan warned cable operators of
stern action if they failed to show its channels on prime
H R Mentors
P a g e | 16
band for clearer reception.
Event (B): Doordarshan announced 24-hour telecast
for programmes from August 15.
6. Event (A): The Delhi high court issued show cause
notices to 86 public schools in the capital.
Event (B): The educational institutions had violated
court directives of not hiking fee beyond 40 per cent.
7. Event (A): Manisha Mishra was preparing food in
the kitchen.
Event (B): Anand, her husband, after coming from his
office ran into the kitchen.
8. Event (A): Ram unnecessarily called Lal a traitor.
Event (B): Ram apologized to Lal.
9. Event (A): If you are a habitual traffic rule breaker
this won’t come as good news to you.
Event (B): The traffic department has enhanced the
number of red lights manned by the police.
10. Event (A): It seems power problems are to stay.
Event (B): Many units of power plants are shut down for
annual maintenance.
Type 2 - Cause & Effect (Advanced)
Directions: In each of the following questions there
are two statements A and B. Read both the
statements and decide which of the following
option correctly depicts the relationship between
these two statements. Mark
[1] If statement A is the cause and statement B is its
effect.
[2] If statement B is the cause and statement A is its
effect.
[3] If both the statements A and B are independent
causes.
[4] If both the statements A and B are effects of
independent causes.

[5] If both the statements A and B are effects of
some common cause.
11. (A) Major part of the sugarcane crop was affected
by pests, resulting into huge loss incurred by the
farmers in the state.
(B) The farmers in the state who were cultivating
sugarcane earlier have now switched over to grapes’
cultivation this year.
12. (A) There has been a high increase in the incidents
of atrocities against women in the city during the past
few months.
(B) The police authority has been unable to nab the
culprits who are committing crime against women.
13. (A) The government has recently fixed the fees for
professional courses offered by the unaided
institutions, which are much lower than the fees
charged last year.
(B) The parents of the aspiring students launched a
severe agitation last year protesting the high fees
charged by the unaided institutions.
14. (A) The Prime Minister has visited the drought
affected areas and promised government assistance to
help the farmers.
(B) Many farmers in the drought affected areas have
been suffering due to drought situation and are
unable to feed their family.
15. (A) All the lakes supplying water to the city started
overflowing at the end of the second month of
the monsoon.
(B) The normal life in the city has been disrupted quite
a few times in the first two months of the monsoon
due to water-logging in various parts.
Type 3 - Cause & Effect (Information Based)
Directions: In each of the following
questions, some information is followed by a
question. Read the paragraph carefully and
answer the question that follows. From the
given options, choose the
H R Mentors
P a g e | 17
most appropriate option.
16. Cause: All the major rivers in the state have been
flowing way over the danger level for the past few
weeks.
Which of the following is/are possible effect(s) of
the above cause?
(A) Many villages situated near the riverbanks are
submerged, forcing the residents to flee.
(B) Govt. has decided to provide alternate shelter to all
the affected villagers residing near the river banks.
(C) All the areas in and around the major rivers have
been put on high flood alert.
[1] Only (A) [2] Only (A) and (B)
[3] Only (B) and (C) [4] All three
17. Effect: This year majority of the final year students
of the management institute have opted for finance
specialization.
Which of the following can be a probable cause of
the above effect?
[1] Last year most of the students with HR
specialization got better job offers than other
specializations.
[2] The management institute offers only finance
specialization to its final year students.
[3] Last year the students with finance
specialization bagged most of the lucrative offers
vis-a-vis students with other specializations.
[4] The management institute has recently started its
finance specialization in addition to Marketing and HR
being offered earlier.
18. Effect: Government has allowed all the airlines to
charge additional amount as peak time congestion
charges for the flights landing between 6.00 a.m. and
10.00 a.m.
Which of the following is a probable cause of the
above effect?
[1] All the airline companies had threatened to
suspend their services during peak hours.
 P a g e | 18

[2] The Government has increased its tax for peak time
flights.
[3] The aircrafts are routinely put on hold over
the airports while landing during peak time, causing
extra fuel consumption.
[4] The airline companies can now charge unlimited
additional charge for peak time flights.

19. Cause: The cement manufacturing companies

have increased the price of cement by about 15 % with
immediate effect.

Which of the following is/are possible effect(s) of

the above cause?
(A) Government will direct the cement manufacturing
companies to reduce the price increase to 5 %.
(B) The prices of residential flats and
commercial complexes will see an upward trend.
(C) The construction companies may stop all
ongoing construction projects with immediate effect.
[1] Only (B) [2] Only (A)
[3] Only (C) [4] Only (B) and (C)

20. Effect: There has been unprecedented increase in

the number of institutions training for spoken
phonetic English in all the major cities of India
during the last few years.

Which of the following can be a probable cause of

the above effect?
[1] Many parents want their children to speak fluent
English.
[2] Various activities are being outsourced to India
by many European and North American countries.
[3] English is no longer being taught in the schools
and colleges in India
[4] India has highest number of English-speaking
educated youth compared to any other country.

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Chapter 04: Inferences

Type 1 - Inferences (Information Based) Passage 02

Directions: In each of the following questions, a The Union Government is planning to introduce a
passage is followed by several possible golden handshake scheme for its employees to
inferences which can be drawn from the facts reduce the size of bureaucracy. The plan is being
stated in the passage. Examine each inference formulated in the context of the policy decision that
separately in the context of the passage and decide no government employee will be retrenched while
upon its degree of truth or falsity. Mark pruning the staff strength of various
[1] If the inference is definitely true, i.e. it properly departments. The surplus employees because
follows from the statement of facts given. of winding up of certain departments, will be
[2] If the inference is probably true though not either redeployed immediately or transferred to the
definitely true in the light of the facts given. surplus cell. As per the rules, an employee can be
[3] If the data is inadequate, i.e. from the facts kept in the surplus cell up to a maximum period
given you cannot say whether the inference is of six months. But the government will, in the
likely to be true or false. meanwhile, introduce various incentive schemes to
[4] If the inference is probably false though not encourage voluntary exit. In addition, the
definitely false in the light of the facts given. government is planning to reduce induction of new
[5] If the inference is definitely false, i.e. it cannot officers.
possibly be drawn from the facts given for it Inferences:
contradicts the given facts.
4. Many employees would be retrenched because of
Passage 01 golden handshake scheme.
5. The government wants to increase unemployment.
The Government of India has announced extremely 6. The government is trying to reduce its non-plan
attractive incentives to promote the small- expenditure.
scale industries (SSIs) in rural areas for the current 7. There will be a violent revolution against the
year 1992-93. The support amount has been raised government's plans.
and fixed at Rs. 30 lacs in comparison to Rs. 25 lacs
in the year 1991-92 and Rs. 20 lacs in 1990-91. This Passage 03
decision is perceived by many as a very timely
incentive in the right direction to motivate people In the forties, nationalization was considered the
for establishing many SSIs in rural areas. cure-all for all socio-economic ills. Today, privatization
has become the buzzword that has been sweeping
Inferences: both the developed and the developing world for more
than a decade now. Even in India the idea has been
1. The Government is keen to develop rural areas. gathering momentum. But before the idea is
2. The government step would generate more transplanted in India there are several aspects of
employment opportunities. privatization that need to be understood. It would be
3. The small-scale industries' organizations would worthwhile, in this context, to look at the experiences of
protest the action. other countries.

H R Mentors

Inferences:
8. India is also thinking of privatization.
9. Some countries which have adopted privatization
are considering to change over to nationalization now.
10. Privatization has been practised in the USA for
some time.
Type 2 - Inferences (Conclusion Based)
Directions: In each of the following questions, a
statement is followed by two conclusions I and II.
Assume everything in the statement to be true,
then consider the two conclusions together and
decide which of them logically follows beyond a
reasonable doubt from the information given in
the statement. Mark:
[1] If only conclusion I follows
[2] If only conclusion II follows
[3] If either I or II follows
[4] If neither I nor II follows, and
[5] If both I and II follow
11. Statement: The government of State A has sought a
waiver of outstanding Central loans of Rs 4,000 crores
and a moratorium on repayment pending the waiver.
Conclusions:
(I) Unlike other states, State A has no desire to make
repayment of its loans.
(II) State A’s financial condition does not appear to be
satisfactory.
12. Statement: The eligibility for admission to the
course is minimum second class master’s degree.
However, the candidates who have appeared for the
final year examination of master’s degree can also
apply.
Conclusions:
(I) All candidates who have yet to get their master’s
degree will be there in the list of selected candidates.
(II) All candidates having obtained second class
master’s degree will be there in the list of selected
candidates.
H R Mentors
P a g e | 20
13. Statement: The government-run company had
asked its employees to declare their income and assets
but it has been strongly resisted by employees’ union
and no employee is going to declare his income.
Conclusions:
(I) The employees of this company do not seem to have
any additional undisclosed income besides their salary.
(II) The employees’ union wants all senior officers to
declare their income first.
14. Statement: The Official Secrets Act (OSA) enacted
by the XYZ government during the war seems to be the
source of much corruption in the country P.
Conclusions:
(I) The Official Secrets Act must be abolished
immediately to stop corruption in country P.
(II) The XYZ government wanted to encourage
corruption in the government offices.
15. Statement: After collision of two vessels in the sea
all the crewmen and passengers have been declared as
missing. - A news report
Conclusions:
(I) No one from the two vessels has survived after the
collision.
(II) A few persons from the two vessels may
have survived and are missing.
Type 3 - Inferences (Complete The Logic)
Directions: In each of the following questions,
one statement is followed by a blank space
which is followed by a conclusion which can be
drawn from either the statement given in the
question or from the statement given in the
question and an additional statement which
may fit in the blank space. Study the question
and the options which provide a statement
and decide which of the statements best fit
between the given statement and the
conclusion.
16. Statement I: The prices of motor cars will increase
substantially in near future.
Statement II: ______________________________
 P a g e | 21

Conclusion: The sale of cars will not be affected much.
(A) However, people will continue to buy the cars as
it is not very difficult to get vehicle loans.
(B) However, people will protest the rise in taxes
on steel announced by the Government.
(C) However, this may help to ease the traffic on roads.
[1] Only A [2] Only B
[3] Either A or B [4] One of the three
17. Statement I: Flooding due to heavy rains caused
severe damage to the belongings of many people.
Statement II: ______________________________
Conclusion: The damage is difficult to repair with
whatever help the Government and the public may
offer.
(A) Water entered the houses very fast giving no time
to take remedial action.
(B) Most people living on ground floor were shifted
to the upper floors.
(C) Damage was already caused before the help
could reach the people.
[1] Only A [2] Only B
[3] Only C [4] Either A or C
18. Statement I: The Maharashtra Government has
decided to award only grades and not marks to the
students up to 10th class.
Statement II: ______________________________
Conclusion: High scorers are unhappy because there
will be no difference between the high scorers and the
moderately high scorers.
(A) There are mixed reactions from different groups of
students and parents.
(B) This was necessary since our examination system
puts a lot of pressure on students.
(C) This practice is being followed by some of the
foreign universities.
[1] Only A [2] Either A or B
[3] No additional statement [4] Either B or C
Statement II: ______________________________
Conclusion: It will be possible to avoid the damage to
life and property if the Government is ready with a
strategy in place.
(A) One must know how to handle the natural
calamities.
(B) It is not possible for the public to handle the
situation arising due to natural calamities without help
from the Government.
(C) Planning is most important aspect in handling any
unforeseen situation.
[1] Either A or B [2] Only B
[3] No additional statement [4] Only C
20. Statement I: Very few candidates qualify the
professional examinations like Chartered Accountancy.
Statement II: ______________________________
Conclusion: The Government wants to confer these
degrees only to the deserving few.
(A) Syllabus of these professional courses is genuinely
difficult.
(B) The evaluation at this level is very tough.
(C) Too many students, even the low performers
appear for these exams.
[1] Only A [2] Only B
[3] Either A or C [4] Only C

19. Statement I: The Government must be ready with

the disaster management plan to handle the natural
calamities like Tsunami or Hurricane.

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Chapter 05: Arguments
Directions: Each question below is followed by
two arguments I and II. Decide which of the
arguments is a strong argument and which
is a weak argument. Mark:
[1] If only argument I is strong.
[2] If only argument II is strong.
[3] If either I or II is strong.
[4] If neither I nor II is strong; and
[5] If both I and II are strong.
1. Statement: Subsidy on higher education should be
reduced as soon as possible.
Arguments:
(I) No. For many people, higher education will go
beyond access.
(II) Yes. For our country, primary education is
more important than higher education as many
people are still illiterate.
2. Statement: Dividing states into smaller districts
would be beneficial for the country.
Arguments:
(I) Yes. That would help to grip the situation with more
integrated administrative structures.
(II) No. This would unnecessarily increase the
expenses on administration.
3. Statement: Should there be an entrance test for
taking admission in graduation in Delhi University?
Arguments:
(I) Yes. Good students will get admission.
(II) No. Most of them will not get admission.
4. Statement: Should sex education be made a part of
syllabus in schools?
Arguments:
(I) Yes. Sex will not be considered taboo.
(II) No. It would cause problems since children are
not so mature.
5. Statement: Should use of mobile phone be banned
H R Mentors
P a g e | 22
while driving?
Arguments:
(I) Yes. Most of the time it causes accident.
(II). No. This can create a major problem for mobile
users.
6. Statement: Should commercial vehicles which are
more than 10 years old be banned on the road?
Arguments:
(I) Yes. They cause more pollution on the road.
(II) No. There will be a major loss to the owners.
7. Statement: Should there be jumbo size ministry in
the Government?
Arguments:
(I) No. It causes more expenditure.
(II) Yes. There are so many portfolios that it is
necessary.
8. Statement: Professional education packages should
be given more emphasis than traditional education.
Arguments:
(I) Yes. Professional education has much more
productive implications for industries.
(II) No. Other disciplines would face a tough existence.
9. Statement: Building of big dams should be stopped
immediately.
Arguments:
(I) Yes. The big dams have significant induced
seismographic effects.
(II) Yes. It requires large amount of eviction of people
from their roots of origin.
10. Statement: MNCs that are not setting up plants in
the country and marketing only their products at
cheaper competitive prices should be delicensed.
Arguments:
(I) Yes. This does not add much benefit to the
employment scenario of the country.
(II) No. It gives benefits to the general consumers at

large.
Directions: Each question below is followed by
three arguments I, II and III. Decide which of the
arguments is a strong argument and which is a
weak argument and mark the appropriate option.
11. Statement: Should there be a complete ban on
celebration of various days in colleges?
Arguments:
(I) No. There is nothing wrong in celebrating the days
and enjoying occasionally.
(II) Yes. Children are giving more importance to such
celebrations than the studies.
(III) No. Only this type of celebration gives opportunity
to children to express their feelings.
[1] Only I and II are strong [2] Only III is strong
[3] Only II and III are strong [4] Only II is strong
12. Statement: Should the Examination Boards give
separate time for reading the question paper over and
above the stipulated time for answering the paper?
Arguments:
(I) No. It is not necessary to give separate time since
reading the question paper takes hardly any time.
(II) No. Reading the question is a part of preparation
for writing the answer and therefore no separate time
is required to be given.
(III) Yes. Separate time is necessary since a lot of time
goes in reading the question paper and many students
find it very difficult to complete the answer paper
despite having the knowledge.
[1] Only I is strong [2] Only II is strong
[3] Only II and III are strong [4] Only III is strong
13. Statement: Should the Maharashtra Government
impose restrictions on access to sensitive information
to the journalists?
Arguments:
(I) Yes. The media creates hype and publishes
distorted information at times.
(II) No. Journalists should have an access to all the
information as media is the best source to expose the
malfunctions in the society.
H R Mentors
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(III) Yes. At times, it leads to harassment of those who
are affected and alleged to be involved in the crisis.
[1] All are strong [2] Only I is strong
[3] Only II and III are strong [4] Only II is strong
14. Statement: Should the Government introduce a
system of obtaining bond from students for working
in India before sanctioning education loan for
higher studies?
Arguments:
(I) No. This is not a workable solution and will obstruct
the development of young talent in the country.
(II) Yes. This is the only way to ensure use of the talent
of our country for the development of the country and
not only an individual.
(III) No. This step will be too harsh.
[1] Only I is strong [2] Only II is strong
[3] Only I and II are strong [4] None is strong
15. Statement: Should the minimum age of marriage
for boys be brought down to 18 years?
Arguments:
(I) No. An 18-year-old boy is not capable of taking
responsibility to start a family.
(II) Yes. Since the minimum age for marriage for girls
is 18 years, the same should be applicable for boys as
well.
(III) No. The boys should be allowed to marry only
after they become self-dependent.
[1] Only I is strong [2] Only II is strong
[3] Only III is strong [4] None are strong
Directions: Each question below is followed by four
arguments I, II, III and IV. Decide which of the
arguments is a strong argument and which is a
weak argument and mark the appropriate option.
16. Statement: Should the consumption of aerated
drinks be banned in India?
Arguments:
(I) Yes. This is the only way to reduce the risk of
exposing people to some diseases.
(II) No. Everyone should have the right to choose what
he wants.
 P a g e | 24

(III) No. There is no confirmed evidence that such (IV) Yes. This will help in curbing youngsters getting
products have adverse effects on human body. into bad company and imbibing bad habits.
(IV) Yes. It is banned in many other countries also. 1) Only I is strong 2) Only IV is strong
[1] Only I and IV are strong [2] Only III is strong 3) Only I and IV are strong 4) None is strong
[3] Only I and II are strong [4] Only I is strong
20. Statement: Should class IV children have board
17. Statement: Should the rule of wearing helmet for examination?
both driver and pillion-rider while riding a motorbike Arguments:
be enforced strictly? (I) Yes. This will motivate the children to study and
Arguments: get higher marks.
(I) Yes. It is rule and rules should be followed strictly by (II) No. The children will be forced to study and
all. won’t enjoy the process.
(II) No. Everyone knows how to protect his own life (III) Yes. More knowledge can be imbibed at a
and it should be left to his discretion. younger age.
(III) No. It does not ensure safety as only the head is (IV) No. This will add pressure on tender-aged
protected and the rest of the body is not. children and leave very little time for them to play.
(IV) Yes. It is necessary as head, being the most [1] Only I and IV are strong [2] Only IV is strong
sensitive organ, is protected by the helmet. [3] Only I and III are strong [4] All are strong
[1] Only I and IV are strong [2] All are strong
[3] Only II and IV are strong [4] None is strong

18. Statement: Should all the management institutes in

the country be brought under government control?
Arguments:
(I) No. The government does not have adequate
resources to run such institutes effectively.
(II) No. Each institute should be given freedom to
function on its own.
(III) Yes. This will enable to have standardized
education for all the students.
(IV) Yes. Only then the quality of education would be
improved.
1) Only I, II and III are strong 2) None is strong
3) Only I and III are strong 4) Only III is strong

19. Statement: Should all the youngsters below 21

years of age be disallowed from going to a beer bar?
Arguments:
(I) No. It is not correct to prevent mature youngsters
above 18 years of age who can vote from accessing a
right.
(II) Yes. The entry fee to such pubs should also be
hiked.
(III) No. There is no such curb in western countries.

H R Mentors
 PART - III

COMPREHENSION

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Chapter 01: Reading Comprehension

Directions: Read the following passages carefully

and answer the questions given below each
passage. Certain words are given in bold to help you
to locate them while answering some of the
questions.
India is a country of villages. Rural population still
dominates the urban population as far as the number
is considered. This is even though there is rampant
migration of rural families to urban centres. Generally,
the gains of being a unit of the urban population are
less than the disadvantages and risks that are in-built
in the urban life. Crime, riots, etc are some of the
examples of such risks of urban life. The forces that
generate conditions conducive to crime and riots are
stronger in urban communities than in rural areas.
Urban living is more anonymous living. It often
releases the individual from community restraints
more common in tradition-oriented societies. But
more freedom from constraints and controls also
provides greater freedom to deviate. And living in the
more impersonalized, formally controlled urban
society means that regulatory orders of conduct are
often directed by distant bureaucrats. The police are
strangers executing these prescriptions on
anonymous set of subjects. Minor offenses in small
town or village are often handled without resort to
official police action. As disputable as such action may
seem to be, it results in fewer recorded violations of the
law compared to those in the big cities. Although
perhaps causing some decision difficulties for the
police in small town, formal and objective law
enforcement is not always acceptable to the villagers.
Urban area with mass population, greater wealth,
more commercial establishments and more products of
our technology also provide more frequent
opportunities for theft. Victims are impersonalized,
property is insured, consumer goods in
abundance are vividly displayed and are
portable. The crime rate increases despite formal
moral education given in schools.
1. Which of the following would be the best title for
the above passage?
[1] Crime & Punishment
[2] Hazards of Urban Life
[3] Lure of Village Life
[4] Rural-Urban Rift
2. The passage mainly emphasizes the
[1] comparative account of wealth in rural and urban
areas
[2] increasing crime rate in rural areas
[3] need for formal moral education to be given in
schools
[4] reasons for growing crime rate in urban centres as
compared to that in rural areas
3. The author thinks that risks and disadvantages
are
[1] more than the gains in urban life
[2] almost negligible in rural life
[3] outweigh the gains of rural life
[4] surpassed by the gains of urban life
an 4. Which of the following is a characteristic of an
urban setting?
[1] Unreported minor crimes
[2] Deviation from freedom
[3] Less forceful social control
[4] Minimal opportunities of crime due to better law
enforcement
5. Which of the following statements is TRUE in the
context of the passage?
[1] The display of consumer goods is the main cause of
crime.
[2] Lack of personal contacts increases crimes in urban
more areas.
more [3] Small communities have more minor crimes than
in urban centres.
[4] Urban crimes cannot be prevented.

H R Mentors
 P a g e | 26

in the context of the passage?

6. Which of the following inference/s can be drawn [1] Moral education imparted in schools is ineffective
from the contents of the passage? in checking crime rate.
(A) Migration of people from rural areas to urban [2] There is less freedom in the current society than in
centres is almost negligible. a traditional society.
(B) Strangers can enforce laws in more [3] Urban areas are thickly populated and
impartial manner than known people can. commercialized.
(C) Wealth has concentrated more in urban centres [4] Anonymous living in urban areas may lead to a
than in the rural areas. freedom to deviate from rules.
[1] A and B only [2] B and C only
[3] A and C only [4] All the three 12. As per the passage, all of the following
contribute to higher crime rates in urban areas
7. The behaviour of people is generally moulded EXCEPT
because of social control in [1] vivid display of consumer goods
[1] formally controlled urban societies [2] higher standard of living
[2] the presence of the police authorities [3] urban impersonalized living
[3] an anonymous form of living [4] inadequate police force
[4] None of these
For Q. 13-16: Choose the word which is most
8. It can be inferred from the passage that urban nearly similar in meaning to the word given in bold
crime can be controlled by as used in the passage.
[1] greater emphasis on moral education
[2] enforcement of law by distant bureaucrats 13. SUBJECTS
[3] vivid display of expensive consumer goods [1] topics [2] people
[4] making expensive consumer goods less portable [3] crimes [4] rules

9. The author’s view of “Traditional Societies” is 14. HANDLED

best expressed by which of the following? [1] reported [2] settled
[1] They provide less freedom for the individual [3] dispensed [4] punished
in many circumstances.
[2] They have lower crime rates because of the moral 15. DISPLAYED
teachings in schools. [1] exhibited [2] kept
[3] They provide inadequate freedom for personal [3] rested [4] removed
movements and travel.
[4] They do not have adequate modern technology. 16. CONDUCIVE
[1] prohibitive against [2] helping to reduce
10. As per the passage, the crime in small towns [3] tending to promote [4] prone to minimize
[1] is less frequently reported or dealt with officially
[2] is brought well under control by distant For Q. 17-20: Choose the word which is most
bureaucrats nearly opposite in meaning to the word given in
[3] leads to an impersonalized style of living bold as used in the passage.
[4] is often dealt with objective law enforcement 17. DEVIATE
[1] obviates [2] break
11. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE [3] locate [4] follow

H R Mentors

18. VIVIDLY
[1] unintentionally [2] unimpressively
[3] unscrupulously [4] unwillingly
19. RELEASES
[1] liberates [2] closes
[3] confines [4] provides
20. RAMPANT
[1] reluctant [2] enforced
[3] uninhibited [4] controlled
In the second week of August 1998, just a few days
after the incidents of bombing the US embassies in
Nairobi and Dar-es-Salaam, a very high profile &
high-powered, brainstorming session was held near
Washington D.C., to discuss various aspects
terrorism. The meeting was attended by ten of
America’s leading experts in various fields such as germ
and chemical warfare, public health, disease control
and by the doctors and the law-enforcing officers.
Being asked to describe the horror of possible
bio-attack, one of the experts narrated the following
gloomy scenario.
A culprit in a crowded business centre or in a busy
shopping mall of a town empties a test tube containing
some fluid, which in turn creates an unseen cloud of
germ of a dreaded disease like anthrax capable of
inflicting a horrible death within 5 days on any one
who inhales it. At first 500, or so victims feel that they
have mild influenza which may recede after a day or
two. Then the symptoms return and their lungs start
filling with fluid. They rush to local hospitals for
treatment, but the panic-stricken people may find that
the Medicare services run quickly out of drugs due to
excessive demand. But no one would be able to realize
that a terrorist attack has occurred. One cannot deny
the possibility that the germ involved would be of
contagious variety capable of causing an epidemic. The
meeting concluded that such attacks, apart from
causing immediate human tragedy, would have dire
H R Mentors
P a g e | 27
long-term effects on the political and social fabric of a
country by way of ending people’s trust on the
competence of the government.
The experts also said that the bombs used in Kenya
and Tanzania were of the old-fashion variety and
involved quantities of high explosives, but new
terrorism will prove to be more deadly and probably
more elusive than hijacking an aero plane or a
gelignite of previous decades. As per Bruce Hoffman,
an American specialist on political violence, old
terrorism generally had a specific manifesto - to
overthrow a colonial power or the capitalist system
and so on. These terrorists were not shy about planting
a bomb or hijacking an aircraft and they set some limit
to their brutality. Killing so many innocent people
might turn their natural supporters off. Political
terrorists want a lot of people watching but not a lot
of of people dead. “Old terrorism sought to change the
world while the new sort is often practised by
those who believe that the world has gone beyond
redemption”, he added. Hoffman says, “New
terrorism has no long-term agenda but is ruthless
in its short-term intentions. It is often just a
cacophonous cry of protest or an outburst of
religious intolerance or a protest the West in general
and the US in particular. Its perpetrators may be
religious fanatics or die-hard opponent of a
government and see no reason to show restraint.
They are simply intent on inflicting the maximum
amount of pain on the victim.”
21. In the context of the passage, the culprit’s act of
emptying a test tube containing some fluid can be
classified as
[1] a terrorist attack
[2] an epidemic of a dreaded disease
[3] a natural calamity
[4] panic created by an imaginary event
22. In what way would the new terrorism be
different from that of the earlier years?
(A) More dangerous and less baffling
(B) More hazardous for victims
(C) Less complicated for terrorists
 P a g e | 28

[1] A and C only [2] B and C only [2] remove colonial power or capitalist system
[3] A and B only [4] All the three [3] make people realize the incompetence of the
government
23. What was the immediate provocation for the [4] give a setback to socio-political order
meeting held in August 1998?
[1] the insistence of America’s leading 29. Which of the following statements is true about
[2] the horrors of possible bio-attacks new terrorism?
[3] a culprit’s heinous act of spreading germs [1] Its immediate objectives are quite tragic.
[4] None of these [2] It has far-sighted goals to achieve.
[3] It can differentiate between the innocent people
24. What could be the probable consequences of and the guilty.
bio-attacks, as mentioned in the passage? [4] It is free from any political ideology.
(A) several deaths
(B) political turmoil For Q. 30-32: Choose the word which is most
(C) social unrest nearly opposite in meaning of the word given in
[1] A only [2] B only bold as used in the passage.
[3] C only [4] All the three
30. GLOOMY
25. The author’s purpose of writing the above [1] discouraging [2] disgusting
passage seems to explain [3] bright [4] tragic
[1] the methods of containing terrorism
[2] the socio-political turmoil in African countries 31. CACOPHONOUS
[3] the deadly strategies adopted by modern terrorists [1] loud [2] melodious
[4] reasons for killing innocent people [3] sonorous [4] harsh

26. As per the author of the passage, the root cause 32. INTOLERANCE
of terrorism is [1] forbearance [2] permissiveness
(A) religious fanaticism [3] adaptability [4] acceptance
(B) socio-political changes in countries
(C) the enormous population growth For Q.33-35: Choose the word which is most
[1] A only [2] B only nearly similar in meaning of the word given in bold
[3] C only [4] A and B only as used in the passage.

27. The phrase “such attacks”, as mentioned in the 33. PERPETRATORS

last sentence of the second paragraph, refers to [1] opponents [2] followers
[1] the onslaught of an epidemic as a natural calamity [3] sympathizers [4] leaders
[2] bio-attack on political people in the government
[3] attack aimed at damaging the reputation of 34. ELUSIVE
the government [1] harmful [2] fatal
[4] bio-attack manoeuvred by unscrupulous elements [3] destructive [4] baffling

28. The sole objective of the old terrorism, as per 35. INFLICTING
Hoffman, was to [1] elevating [2] imposing
[1] plant bombs to kill innocent people [3] alleviating [4] reflecting

H R Mentors
 P a g e | 29

There is no field of human endeavor that has been so quantifying approach, has provided us the medical
misunderstood as health. While health which connotes understanding and rationalization of the microbial
well-being and the absence of illness has a low profile, causes of communicable diseases and provided highly
it is illness representing the failure of health which effective technology for their prevention, treatment
virtually monopolizes attention because of the fear of and control. This can rightly be claimed as the greatest
pain, disability and death. Even Sushruta has warned contribution of western medicine and justifiably
that this provides the medical practitioner power over termed as high technology. And yet the contribution of
the patient which could be misused. this science in the field of non-communicable diseases
is remarkably poor despite the far greater inputs
Till recently, patients had implicit faith in their
in research and treatment for the problems of ageing
physician whom they loved and respected, not only for
like cancer, heart diseases, paralytic strokes and
his knowledge but also in the total belief that
arthritis which are the major problems of affluent
practitioners of this noble profession, guided by ethics,
societies today.
always placed the patient’s interest above all other
considerations. This rich interpersonal relationship
36. Which of the following has been described as
between the physician, patient and family has, barring a
the most outstanding benefits of modern medicine?
few exceptions, prevailed till the recent past, for
(A) The real cause & ways of control of communicable
caring was considered as important as curing. Our
diseases
indigenous systems of medicine like Ayurveda and
(B) Evolution of the concept of harmony between man
yoga have been more concerned with the promotion of
and nature
the health of both the body and mind and with
(C) Special techniques for fighting ageing
maintaining a harmonious relationship not just with
[1] Only B and C [2] Only A and B
fellow-beings but with nature itself, of which man is an
[3] Only A [4] Only B
integral part. Healthy practices like cleanliness, proper
diet, exercise and meditation are part of our culture
37. In India traditionally the doctors were being
which sustains people even in the prevailing conditions
guided mainly by which of the following?
of poverty in rural India and in the unhygienic urban
[1] High technology [2] Good knowledge
slums.
[3] Professional ethics [4] Power over patient

These systems consider disease as an aberration

resulting from disturbance of the equilibrium of health,
which must be corrected by gentle restoration of this
balance through proper diet, medicines and the
establishment of mental peace. They also teach the
graceful acceptance of old age with its infirmities
resulting from the normal degenerative process as well
as of death which is inevitable.
This is in marked contrast to the western concept of
life as a constant struggle against disease, ageing and
death which must be fought and conquered with the
knowledge and technology derived from their science:
a science which, with its narrow dissective and
38. What caution have proponents of indigenous
systems sounded against medical practitioners?
[1] Their undue concern for the health of the person.
[2] Their emphasis on research on non-communicable
diseases.
[3] Their emphasis on curing illness rather than
preventive health measures.
[4] Their emphasis on restoring health for affluent
members of the society.
39. Why has the field of health not been
understood properly?
[1] Difficulty in understanding distinction between
health and illness.
[2] Confusion between views of indigenous and

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 P a g e | 30

western system. [3] Ayurveda is superior to yoga.

[3] Highly advanced technology being used by the [4] good interpersonal relationship between the doctor
professionals. and the patient in necessary but not sufficient.
[4] Not given in the passage.

40. Why, as per the author, have people in India

survived despite poverty?
[1] They have easy access to western technology.
[2] Their will to conquer diseases
[3] Their harmonious relationship with the physician
[4] None of these

41. Which of the following pairs are mentioned as

“contrast” in the passage?
[1] Western concept of life and science.
[2] Technology and science.
[3] Western physician and western-educated Indian
physician.
[4] Indian and western concepts of life.

42. Why does the author describe the contributions

of science as remarkably poor?
[1] It concentrates more on health than on illness.
[2] It suggests remedies for the poor people.
[3] The cost of treatment is low.
[4] None of these

43. Which of the following can be inferred about

the position of the author in writing the passage?
(A) Ardent supporter of western system in present
context.
(B) Supremacy of ancient Indian system in today’s
world.
(C) Critical and objective assessment of the present
situation.
[1] Only A [2] Only B
[3] Only C [4] Neither B nor C

44. The author seems to suggest that

[1] we should give importance to improving the health
rather than curing of illness.
[2] we should move towards becoming an affluent
society.

H R Mentors