tps¤[nX

g ADr <m<hr

09 August 2009
( Last updated: 13 ep’[l 2010)
http://www.iopb.res.in/˜somen/GMeher

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tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - p’Tm sg“ 2

tps¤[nX
g ADr <m<hr
p’Tm sg“
sXtA
09 August 2009
(Last updated: 13 ep’[l 2010)
http://www.iopb.res.in/˜somen/GMeher
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - p’Tm sg“
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 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - p’Tm sg“
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 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - p’Tm sg“
aAkAz-k]s]m <hlA aAzA-pr[NAm
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C[nð z[rq[e aAN[ pApX dzAnn
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sˆrT[b <s p’t[³A n kr[ z[T[L.
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 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - p’Tm sg“ 7

<t<b s[nA t]mï p¢X-pdr BAjn

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prjA-r½n-b’<t aq t]<mï b’tX;

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<hu <mAr n[b“Asn p’kt[r <tAS

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240 p’Tm
tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - d¤[tXY sg“ 8

tps¤[nX
g ADr <m<hr
d¤[tXY sg“
(rAg- rAm<krX)
09 August 2009
(Last updated: 13 ep’[l 2010)
http://www.iopb.res.in/˜somen/GMeher
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - d¤[tXY sg“ 9

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 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - d¤[tXY sg“ 10

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 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - d¤[tXY sg“ 11

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 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - d¤[tXY sg“ 12

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pt[-g]N, pt[-bAñLŠ uQ[ p]N[ `cAl <dK[bA'

sˆraC[ ekA<â. <bAL[ <h<l bAhAr

lL[t d[z]C[ llA<q m]n[ p<C p<C cAl[<l

tAr s[¥]rb[¥], bhÓ m]n[k]mAr.

m]K-kmLk] <hAiC[ <k*tZh<L g<l <y T[<L

<y<^ pZº«mA i¥]. 170 m<Q m]n[n¥[nX,

kry]gL<r <zAB]C[ wAk[ aAs[T[LA <y sKX

150 cAr rtn-cw[, <hAi tAr s [nX.

b[SAd-sAgr-p]L[<n cAl[<l hr[N hr[NX

JLÓaC[ n b]w[. tA” s<  zAbk,

drb[kz[t km<L bxÓ/ b<x <Wi/ cL[<l

brAqk prAe, p[k, mYÔ]r, bk.

 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - d¤[tXY sg“ 13

smXr-sAg<r CAw[<l aAumA<n <dW[ rh[<l

n[j zrXr-<pAt, 200 t<L, wA<L, aAkA<z.

nYn-r½n K½n, <z¤t-zˆz’Ø-<kz-b[BZt[

180 z]k, sArX, k<pAt, bp] <s*mŠ mZrt[

aB[yAn klA zAâ[r bALˆXk[ mhS« smX<p

ehA bXrbAh[nX, <hmgurX stX.

sXtA-<zAk-z[LA<z’NXk] d[z[<l <ymâ t]SAr-

<y<^ <GAr bAh[nX. tn]-h[mAd’[-t<L,

mhAnAdX mhAndXr tps¤[nX umA mu<n

mhAp’bAh aAs[, rh[Câ[ n[Í<L.

rA<mz¤r-z[LA-sb]k] m]n[ aAgm<n jAnkX

<d<l sz[<r g’As[. 210 <zAk k<l n[bš“,

qL[<b k[ z[LA skL hÕdY<r <hlA äg[t

190 <s’At k¾[b s[nA, c[âA-c°-aAbš“.

b[G]º«t z[<r pw[b <bAi<l mhS« sXtA”]

gt[ pªt[ b[nA. `` b<ñ, pAr[Có jAN[,

<s dzA <BAg[b nAhó t b[rh-b[pd <tAhr

zAâ[ e aB[yA<n? bh[aC[ ujAN[.

lAg], LAg[C[ t p’mš <s’Ats¤tX-gt[ shj

<hAi s¤-aB[mA<n. TAe sAgr aA<z,

k[C[ dZ<r yAi m[L[<l L<Ê z[LA-<z>L-s”q

m]n[ jAnkX pA<z, 220 <y<b b[r<ª aA<s.

 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - d¤[tXY sg“ 14

bAr[D[-s <m b[sˆ<r jnm[b <yu/ sâAn

sb] b[gt <k›z, tA'r pAi/ BAb nA.''

uBY jXb<n n r<h m]n[-bANX z]N[ jAnkX

aAu p’<Bd <lz. m]n[-crN-t<L

b[D[b<z uQ[ m²<r pw[, uQ[ g» <pAC[<l

<y<b Uª¤“k] <Bd[, n[j bsnA¬<L.

bAl[´Ùp d[e sr[t ``bXr p’sb[nX hÓa mA''

s[¦]-hÕdY <Cd[. 250 <bAl[ z]B aAz[S,

sr[t mr[-t n pA<r <di aAz¤As[<l mD]<r

230 tAr jXbn-BAr, m]n[-m»LADXz.

hÕdY p’sAr[ rKi p]nÍ <bAi<l,``aAs mA,

<hAi hÎd aAkAr. aAu n kr mQ,

ab[kL <sh[ dzA mA' k]mArXm»L m²<r

B<b Gq[C[ <tAr, rh[ m» <mA'mQ.''

c[âAk] t] bTA n kr k[s k[s aC[ Dr <gA

c[tA s¤rp <GAr. <b<g k]mArXmA<n,

z¤z]r <tA <mAr s]hÕd <bAlâ[ mhS«, knŠAe

<sh[pr[ <tA p[tA, 260 tAhA k<l s×A<n.

asM<kA<c rh aAz’<m qNAqN[ <hAi stX”

240 mz[ sMsAr p[tA. cAr <pq[kAmAn,

<mA' aAz’<m <tAr nT[b Dr[ <bW[ tA”] sAd<r

kuNs[ BAbnA, krAi<l p’äAn.

 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - d¤[tXY sg“ 15

p’hAr[ p’hAr[ pAd]kA nAc[ nAc[ mg-zAb<k

m]n[ d]g“t[ z[<r, k<l p’kAz <tAS.

rAm-hÕd-<p’m-p’t[mA nb at[T[” m]Kk]

aA<g cAl[<l DX<r. 290 mN[ <sðh-sAgr,

kASAY-bsn] mhS« st nY<n anAi-

270 <h<l an]rpm, TAâ[ Trk] Tr.

p<C bi<dhX d[z[<l jY LxˆX-r<p krâ[

BAn]-dXD[t[-sm. zAâ[-p]rk] b[<j,

b]w[T[lA <sh[ dXD[t[ azAâ[-sAgr-ut+T[tA

d]úK-aº“b-a<º“, rAm-rmNX n[<j.

anZr thó<r b[rAj]- <qk[ c¥’k[t brh

T[<l u™¤L b<º“. <bn[ bXT[<r rh[,

mhAyt[ mhAstX” cAl[<l uBY pAz¤“<r

kTAbAš“A skL, 300 ztzt brhX.

z]N]T[<l bs[ b[h - s]k]mAr kr[-zAb<k

280 dL n kr[ kL. k<r <qk[ kmL,

<dK<â tAhA” aAz’m- <QlA<Ql[ <hAi cAl[<l

aB[m]<K gmn, s<  dLk] dL.

p’<mAd<r k<l n[s¤nú pAd<p JÓL[lA píb

<hAi p’P]í-mn. <zAB[ p]¸-´b<k,

bAj[glA prA zAâ[r DAw[ DAw[ <z¤t ptAkA

rN-b[jY-<GAS! thó <hAi<l b<k.

 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - d¤[tXY sg“ 16

mD]<r gAi<l <kAk[L- pLmZL aAN[ sm<x

310 k]L m L gXt, <dlA pº“-bAs<n.

aL[-s¤<n jY-zŸr an]k¾A nA<m bªAe

D¤n[ <hlA bŠ½[t. kr[ stX”[ <kAL,

bArm¤Ar uw[ bxr <pAC[<d<l kr-km<L

<hAi m]k]t-m]Æ[, tA” BAl k<pAL.

z]k sArX dL mAg“<r mmtA-p’pAt-<s<nh

k<l k]s]m bÆ[. s¤Ò u™¤L jL,

b¥ApnA dXp jL[lA pkAi stX” prAN

e<N <gADZL[-tArA, 340 p›Ab[ kr[ zXtL.

b[rAj[<l €S[-aAz’<m m]K cAhó cAhó <bAi<l

320 rAm-nYn-tArA. DX<r <kAmL BA<S,

bALˆXk[ n<d<z uq<j ``<mA BAgŠk] mAaA aAs[C

sb] <pq[kA <TAi, aAj t] <mAr pA<z.

knŠA ek <dlA stX” rAjrA<jz¤rX mAaA t]

m]K-m»L <DAi. s¤º“m¥[r <tAr,

knŠA ek jL-kLs tmúpZº“ kr[ u™¤L

WALÓ/ WALÓ/ cr<N, kLÓ k]qXr <mAr.

tA'h´r <ni s¤pd d[nyAk kr[ n T[b]

p’xAL[<l aAp<N. 350 prA k[C[ aAhAr,

stX”[ bsAi sZtAe p]a krT[b gr<B

330 md] píbAs<n, cL[ pAd-p’hAr.

 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - d¤[tXY sg“ 17

mAaA mA'! mAaA mA'! mA'G<r <sh[ s]K stX b]J[<l

<tAr k[ aC[ lAj, aAj[ bALˆXk[ b<n.

cAhó rh[Câ[ <tA<t <tA' aAcmn kr[ jAnkX

eh[ sKX-smAj.'' PL <BAjn <z<S,

<bAl[ n[C[ <di DrAi- kAÏ aAsn<r bs[<l,

<d<L nAr [-kL[, 380 tApsX” n[<©“<z.

<gAq[ <gAq[ kr[ kpZ“r k]mArXe <dlA <kAr X

360 kAâ[ pÇ kdLX. PL <dbX” k<r,

bXj B[nð kr[ k]Lk m]<K pkAi<l s]m]KX

K» K» pns, tAhA <Gn[ sAd<r.

s]mD]r p[» Kj]“r knŠA ek aAN[ <kAmL

shkAr srs. z]È nXbAr nAL,

bArm¤Ar <bAl[ mD]<r zyŠA kr[<dlA thó<r

``DX<r B]½ mA, B]½'' pAr[ hr[N CAl.

k<r <d<l BA [ krk- sKX d]i thó rh[<l

m½[ p]½k] p]½. 390 bi<dhX” pA<z,

ab<z<S ``aAu d[oq[, aAumA<n <h<l aâr

370 aAu d[oq['' <bAl[, n[j n[j aAbA<s.

B]½Ai<l <shÓ stX”[ -

aAQ d<zAq[ <kAL[. p’Tm

mAt-<sðh-s]K n T[<l

b]J[ bAlŠ-jXb<n,
tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - ttXY sg“ 18

tps¤[nX
g ADr <m<hr
ttXY sg“
rAg  b LAz’X
09 August 2009
(Last updated: 13 ep’[l 2010)
http://www.iopb.res.in/˜somen/GMeher
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - ttXY sg“ 19

BAgXrTX kZ<L lxˆN <y kA<L s]<K nirAzŠ n T[b abzŠ

<b><dhX b[sj« g<l, <dbtA hÕd<Y s]ªA,
bŠAp[T[lA KrA ssAgrA DrA <s <ht] mhtX <dbtA npt[
n[m“L am¤r t<L . <sbi kXrt[s]DA .
rAGb-bDZr n[y“ŠAtn s]r p’jAr¶ jL kN[kApqL
p]rk] d[z[<l L™A, s[nA u˜Asn pAi,
<hb <bAl[ d[bA- nAT” <s k[bA jLDr rp <hAiTAe np
z]B’ ybn[kA-s™A ! prjA” h[t pAi/ .
jAN[ <s rhsŠ kr[bAk] dzŠ BZm[j<L bj’ n TAe, shj
BAÉr-bMzr <dAS, mA± tAhA jLD<r,
ac[<r abnX- pÏØ <s ybnX p’jAkr d» n hÓe p’c»,
12 uQAi<dlA p’<dAS . 48 p’c» npt[ k<r .
b[h mgN wAk<â ggn hÕd p<C j¤<L b[d]Štan<L
p’A <N tArkAk]L, jLdA<n Gn bA²,
ek p<C ek tA p<C a<nk s]K <tj[ rAjA <tAS[b prjA
aAs[ <hAig<l QL . <t<b t prmArA² .
<dK[<l b[j<n p’z´ p’A <N s¤g“n[ú<z’NXr sm]nðt z[r
rAmc¥’ rb[bMzX, rAjpd BZm»<L,
b[Sº bd<n sjL nY<n <h<l lxŠB’Æ, pw[ hÓe nÆ
ekAkX aCâ[ bs[ . npt[ ghXr t<L .
BAb]T[<l rAj aD[kAr bŠAj mAYAkAr pr[ d»<gAq[ Dr[
a<q mhAdAst¤r, smdÆ[ smBA<b,
eh[ u˜p<d p’kt[r p<d rAjt¤-r™Ø<r b[Ls[ €j]<r
24 Kq[bA hÓe mAtr . 60 n[j jXbn n BA<b .
m[TŠA kTA <y<b p’jAe kh[<b yd[ bAj[kr r™Ø<r pYr
<mL <hAi zt zt, <dlAr n y[b cAl[,
m[TŠA jAN[ jAN[ tA”] mAn[ mAn[ tAL[ mAr[ <TA<k hs[<d<b <lA<k
<bAlAyAe st st . bAdŠkAr <db gAL[ .
p’kt[r zAâ[ y³<r npt[ p’[YA miT[LX b[r<h z[T[LX
s]Kq[ s¤BA<b bL[, kt kr[ p’AN <y<b,
dW Dm“-dA<m bª n[j kA<m n kr[b kAy“Š mAnb-smAj
pA<d n pAri cL[ aAhÓrX g½[<b <t<b .
aB[<Sk yAhA kr[TAâ[ tAhA <bAL[b sMsAr, rAm k]LA Ar
<p’AxN mAtr s[nA, jnˆ lB[ rG]bM<z,
cAmr WAL[bA anŠ k[ <bAl[bA b[cArkpN <hAi rAjpN
36 mx[kA tw[bA b[nA ? 72 tŠAg klA bD]b<z.
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - ttXY sg“ 20

bAnp’äAz’m <h<l<h/ ušm <r sâp cm“ ! nAz[b <tA Gm“

smY <mA <hAi nAhó, smXr aAs]C[ bh[,
<mA kA<y“Š Brt <hbAk] n[rt sâApnAz[nX s<rAjbAs[nX
s×t bA <hb kAhó . z’Xa <s*rB bh[.
a”d’<bŠ p’Xt[ hÎAs n[t[ n[t[ aAu ek kTA khÓC[, ektA
<dK[ <dK[ p]nú p]nú, bA¦[ t]mï mn s< ,
<h<l zZnŠ a” zZnŠ <yA<g a” cAl hÕd-s<r anâ bAs<r
pr[ hÕdp’Xt[ g]N . b[Ls[b rsr<  .
äZL k<Lbr n]hi amr, <mA p’ANs [nX nb kmL[nX
amr <kbL mn, P]q[ rh[aC[ thó,
m<n <y<b s  <hAi nAhó B  sˆrNBAÉr c[r <tjÉr
84 <sh[ s]K s]<K gNŠ . 120 a´ tAr nAhó yhó .
<k rh[C[ B<b bA´b b[B<b <mA <bA<l rsnA ! t] thó rs nA
s]bº“ m]k]q bA¦[ ? KAiC prjAb[š,
yz apyz <nAh[ kALbz yA D<n pAL[t tA nA<m cAL[t
hÓaâ[ tA p’t[bAdX . <hbA<r n]h BAb[t .
s¤rgnrk gt[ n[ª“Ark <lA<k <lAkh[t sADn b[h[t
s¤BA<b jgtjn, <bAl[ s[nA aC[ p’AN,
ew[ jnrb an[tŠ bA´b n <h<l k[ pb[ d’bŠ kr[ hb[
s]K <lA<w nXc mn . p’A<Y kr[TAâA pAn .
nAhó s[nA G<r, hÕd <p’m-s<r p[½r bAhAr[ y[<b z]k sArX,
<mA p’[YA-kmLkL[ CAw[<db[ rAt[ pAhÓ,
pw[aC[ P]q[, mkr¥ l]q[ <tA<t u<šj[t kr[bA n[m[š
96 kraC[ mnaL[ . 132 n <bAl[<b `sXtA' aAu .
nYny]gL kAhók[ b[kL hr[NzAbk y[b <s yAbk
<hAi CAw]aC jL r½[tcrNA pAz,
z]K[g<l sr kmL[nX <mAr al¶k-DAr a<q tA' gLAr
<hAiy[b qLqL . r  pAq-<wAr[-PAz.
bx t] pTr b¦ <hAi kr mYÔr y]gL rAb[ ang“L
rª <n±-jL-nALX, kAhók[ rh[<b aAu,
nAs[kApbn n bh[b] Gn u˜Ar[b s¤n kA' an]krN
k¾[b p’AN-sŸAL[ . kr[, BXmrAj yAu .
lxˆN aAs[b sm´ BAS[b s Xt-p’bXNA kÜ s  b[nA
jXbn-s [nX kTA, pAib kAhó <g*rb ?
z’bN y]gL n hÓa c¬L bXNA tAhA jAN[ BAgŠ-<dAS mAn[
108 z]N[b, m]¬[b bŠTA . 144 rh[b <hAi nXrb .
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - ttXY sg“ 21

thÓ/ rAm x<N m]d’[t Ix<N <bAi<l, ``<h tArA b¥! <p’mkArA
c[âAcL-c<L-cW[, bª <nAh[ c¥’mAr,
<dK[<l kALr <s’At BY”r b[D[r b[DAn <Gn[ p’N[DAn
<b<g yAuaC[ gw[ . c[<š B’m z[z]mAr .
crAcr s<b“ tA' gBXr g<B“ bíBb[rh <bdnA d]úsh
ui/ <huCâ[ lXn , <h<l<h/ jgt lAg[ ,
b]d+b]d prAe <kh[ x<N TAe <s d]úK b[sˆr[ km“ an]sr[
<kbA r<h k[C[ d[n . d]Št[dA<n aC lAg[.
kXrt[ ziL <s <GAr sl[L t]mï Dm“dXxA <b<g d[a z[xA
<s’At m<² <qk[ z[r, bAlˆXk[aAz’<m yAi,
n gN[ aApd cm¤[ b[Øpd <mA hÕdc¥’[kA thó bs[ ekA
156 rh[aC[ <hAi ä[r . 192 kA¥]T[b <mA<t ²AY[ .
<z>L-sAn]<d<z <jŠAt[m“Y <b<z e rA±sm<Y bŠAk]L hÕd<Y
pt[ s<  stXgN, rAcT[<l c°bAkX,
<hAi y]gy]g s]<K y]g y]g krNAp’bNA <hAi ³AnbNA
krCâ[ b[crN . p’AN n rK[b bAk[ .
a<nk npt[ thó pâ[ pâ[ sr p’dz“n kr[ n[dz“n
r¢mY s[MhAs<n, <dbA, k]m]d[nX bn,
aCâ[ rAj[t <hAi b[B’Aj[t c¥’mA udY n <h<l aTY
amr-p]¸BZS<N . n kr[ D<r jXbn .
asA² sADn l p]NŠDn p]nú smAgm b[SY b[Sm
bh[C[ yA' tn]-trX, smsŠA mN[b nAhó,
ziLn[bAsX kb[b¥ aAs[ hÕdYs m at[ m<nArm
168 <nuCâ[ kr Dr[ . 204 jAN t, <db b]JAi .
Dm“ n b[cAr[ <k<t d]rAcArX e kTA<r d¤[DA BAb[bA s]b[DA
aA<rAhX thók[ b<L, n pAibA sArsAxX,
kb[”r pb[ sm m]Æ[ lB[ kh[b n[ÍY <mA' BAb n[cY
rhÓCâ[ kLb<L . <dK]C t, <hb sAxX .
tA” <s d]©“zA anAi shsA aD[kâÓ tAr g<B“ <mA aAtˆAr
d[a<â nYn <Pw[, <s’At lAg[aC[ yAi,
<dK[<l z’XrAm bs]¦rADAm kh[<l e kTA kdAc ayTA
rh[C[ t[m[r <bW[ . <bAl[ <s pAr[b nAhó .''
s]nXL ggn m»[ tArAgN eT[<r rAGb hÕdk] lAGb
aCâ[ u™¤L m]<K, ¹r+<z T[lA k[ xm ?
nAhó s]DAkr k[âÓ tAhA”r bTA tArAgN k<l n[rXxN
180 bADA <hAi nAhó s]<K . 216 dÆ[-p<T aAN[ tm .
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - ttXY sg“ 22

g]NXr sd+g]N n b]J[ n[p]N n[d’A pr[hr[ TAaAâ[ p’hrX

<h<l <dASdrz<n, <yr<p lxˆN s X,
b[D[ b[wm¤nA <BAg smïAbnA sˆrNm]k]<r d[zâ[ adZ<r
hÓe tAr u˜As<n . <sr<p <hAi n[S X .
<dK[ rAm-<dAS pAi<b s<âAS <s s¤AmX <dbr kr[Câ[ dZr
BAb[T[<l tArAtt[ ekTA <dbAr BAb[ ,
hÕdY-u˜tA cAhó <pAt[ mT h[mA¶ nL[n sdz mL[n
lABk<l nXc gt[ . <n± <hlA nXrs’AbX .
dAzrT[d]úK dz“nb[m]K Kj]r[aA kr b[xt Kj]“r
<Kd-K»-hÕd-b[D], nXr<b n[Í<L yTA,
n[zXT smY <hlAr udY rs tŠAg k<r <xABaAGAt<r
228 <h<l <tj[ xXrs[¦] . 264 stX dzA <hlA tTA .
jXb½Xb wAk <dlA c°bAk- eh[ r<p p’[Y p’[YABAb, p’[Y
p’t[ kr[ uphAs, BAb p’[YA sˆr[ sˆr[,
n BAL, n BAL <lKAaC[ BAl d]úKAs<n bs[ Dr[ <D>y“Šas[
p<q <tAr upbAs . kAqT[<l b[BAbrX .
k[¾A n kh[b <diC[ dib aAtˆA z[r-z’m sm]ÖZt Gm“
tA' m]<K amt WAL[ , bh[ bh[ ab[rL,
prr b[pš[ cAhó<l s¾š[ pxˆ g]LˆrAz[ <D*t kr[ aAs[
zALXe mArâ[ tAL[. p›Ab]T[LA g»äL.
e<N b[rh[NX z’XrAmgh[NX rAb[lA zb“rX <pcA <bz DrX
mN[ dXµ[mY p]r, °<m <hAi xXNp’AN,
rA<j¥’-dz“n rmŠ s]KAsn rk<t ggn p›Ab[ pLAYn
240 s]K <BAg]/ <hAi dZr . 276 upAY pAiLA ±AN .
pZb“ pr[c[t pl›b rc[t <p’m[k  <p’m[kA p<d ahm[kA
uq<j aj[nAs<n, b[k[ <di tArAgN ,
kr[ abäAn pZb“ kTAmAn p]¸ <b<z Jw[ abnX<r pw[
BAb]Câ[ m<n m<n . <lAw[<l tAMk zrN .
p’ANnAT”r <p’mjrjr zrN-bñL rG]nAT CL
mD]mY smïASN, n Dr[ rK[<l mAn,
hÕdP<nAg’A<P pr<bz[ aA<p <d<l eh[ br ``y]gy]gAâr
<tALÓC n[m“L s¤n . m´<k pAib äAn .''
sb“BYhr srL s]¥r 
mrktp’B bAhÓ,
10 p’Tm
mAns[k ²A<n z[r snð[DA<n
252 d[z]aC[ dAudAu .
tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - ct]T“ sg“ 23

tps¤[nX
g ADr <m<hr
ct]T“ sg“
(rAg  <cAK[ )
09 August 2009
(Last updated: 13 ep’[l 2010)
http://www.iopb.res.in/˜somen/GMeher
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - ct]T“ sg“ 24

m <L ailA uSA b[kc rAjXb dzA <bAi<l tAk] p’zMs[ ``t]<m t[m[rb[D¤Ms[
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12 s¤g]“ k[ oh›AiCâ[ mš“ŠB]bn.'' 2. 48 cAhÓ/T[LA sXtA-stX z]BAgm<n. 8.
smXr s Xt gAe B’mr bXNA bjAe uqj tAps knŠA gN” aAdr bnŠA
s]rB[ nš“<n TAe uSA n[<d“<z, p›Ab<n jgt DnŠA stXrtn
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m]n[ m]K<bd s¤n p]º“klA zŠAmbn amtmD]r s¤<r BAS[lA pr[<tAS<r,
uQ[lA <Bd[ ggn u˜ o/ kAr, ``mAaA <gA, <mA mAns<r nT[lA aAzA,
<b>k]<Ü <di tpt[ anâ z’Øt[k[ gt[ kr[b a<” b[hAr rAjLxˆXhÕdhAr
bh[lA k[ srs¤tX bXNA J”Ar; sXtA kr[ pr[hAr <BAgp[pAsA,
<bLÓ <bL bn u™L
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24 mèb<L <y<^ bw[aAs[lA bL. 4. 60 <bAl[<b <tA' <yAg]/ ekA przMsA<r.'' 10.
ekA<L b’cAr[NX an]k¾A tps¤[nX b<n b<n B’m[ B’m[ g»k]hÓ<k n B’m[
aAs[ jnkn¥[nX pA<z gmïX<r bhÓ bADA at[°m s¤Ò jXb<n,
<bAi<l, ``uQ <b><dhX! uSA s]k]mAr<dhX a¦Ar d]úK n gN[ aA<lAk s]K n mN[
aAs[C[, dz“n <di <tAS b[D[<r, cAl[C[ dZr srNX nt bd<n,
tmsA rh[C[ anAi jnm krC[ sPL
<kAL kr[ T<r s]K lB[bA pAi/ ``. 5. <tAYAdA<n <tAS[ tXrbAsXskL. 11.
pdˆ[nX-hÕdz[z[r b[¥]<r Kr rzˆ[r m¥Ak[nX, <gAdAbrX <ssb] g]<N <mA' sr[
p’t[b[m¤ pr[ bXr rAmmZrt[, tTAp[ bªn“ kr[Câ[ <g*rb
<zAkjj“r[t c[š PL<k kr[ c[±[t lB[ tA' pb[± pd c[^ axY s¾d
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nm[ an]k¾A pY<r tAhA T[lA <mAr bAæ[t,
36 b¥[<L uSAr pd sb[nY<r. 6. 72 tdBA<b <huT[l[ m<n lAæ[t. 12.
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - ct]T“ sg“ 25

kr[T[l[ z]B km“ <bAl[ aAN[<dlA Dm“ rAmsAm’A<jŠ <y sXtA <lAk<lAc<n dZS[tA
sm<Y <tA<t <mA mm“bAsnA jAN[, <hAi c[r n[b“As[tA <s <tAr m<t
pAiC[ d]l“B Dn kr[b[ tµ[ sADn n[j pt[b’tA Dm“ b<L äAbr j m
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a pr[mL <tAhr mAtA b]<J s]tA<bdnA,
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<kAk y]gL y]gL bk p”[t BrsA <tA' zAâ[mY pdkm<L;
<tA p]NŠmY zrXr xAL<n pZt <mA' nXr zZnŠ yAr crAcr jnnX <kAL mAtr
pA<n b¬[T[<b c[rd[n <mA kt[, tAr aAdraAkr mhXm»<l ;
kLnAdC<L <tA yzú ``jnnX yA r¢grBA,
84 gAi <mA z’Øt[k[ <tAS]T[<b ajs’. 14. 120 kAhók[ <s anŠ äAn <lAw[b abA.'' 20.
pt[b’tAa<  lAg[ pb[± <hbAr lAg[ s]zXtL s]n[m“L pb[± tmsAjL
b’ttXbAsb[rAgX p’sZnmAn, tTA s¤BAb skL m]n[s]tA”,
dZr/ dZr/ JAs[ JAs[ DAi/T[<b BAs[ BAs[ <sð<h tmsA c¬L kr[ p’t[b[m¤ CL
B’m]T[<b aAs[ aAs[ <tA snð[DAn ; <hAig<l ab[kL s¤rp tA”,
sðAnsm<Y <mA pY<r aAl[ <n tA” b[g’<h
dYAmY[ ! n <pl[b] tA”] pY<r. 15. b[g’h m[zAi<d<l zXG’ sMg’<h. 21.
<mA kZ<L cAL[ crN kr[b] mA b[crN stt sXtA skAz rh[ cAhóbA skAz
bŠp<d<z b[tr[N amr kAâ[, pAi/ z]B abkAz eh[ upA<Y;
tA lB[ bn pAdp rAj[ <hAi dp dp <hAi bhÓ <n±btX bhÓ hÕd bhÓ mt[
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o<hA, t] t <mA' mA' e <d<z, b[<z<S sXtA”] sAd<r
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tTAp[ s]tAk] t]Æ kr[bA pAi/ p’<YA<g n¥<nApm kr ytn,
P[qAi <sðh-<lAcn p’Xt[-mD]r-bcn <s BA<b <tA an]Bb s¤BA<b <hb smïb
b[nŠA<s cAq rcn kr <gh›Ai, B<b <kmâ d]l“B s]trtn
DnŠ DnŠ mA <tA hÕdY, ``an]k¾A T[<b n[Yt,
108 <mA d]úK-aAtp pAi/ bAl]kAmY. 18. 144 skL aBAb <tAr <mAc<n rt.'' 24.
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - ct]T“ sg“ 26

m]nX¥’aA<dzm<t thÓ/ cL[<l sm<´ pAiT[<l sAD]s  sÖAb c[r aB 

kmL<kAmL h<´ kLsX Dr[, r<h, ä[r nXLr  yTA gg<n,
knŠAm»<L jnk s]tAkAâ[ jk jk sAD] m[<± m<nArT kdAc n hÓe bŠT“
àq[k m<² hXrk-p’t[BA pr[, <tN] m]/ <hl[ smT“ <tAr dz“<n;
upb<n k<l gmn, BA<gŠ T[<l hÓe e lAB,
bWAilA bn-<zABA pAi <s Dn. 25. BAgŠbtX klA sK[ ! <mA<t <tA BAb. 31.
bnlxˆX d¤A<r sXtA rAj<â <s ul›s[tA bnz’X mD] <mAhn sXtA-hÕdY ghn
mt[<r <hAi BZS[tA rb[k[r<N, b[rhdAbdhn zAâ[kr<N,
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156 pAdŠ <dlA dZb“AdLh[mpqLX. 26. 192 ``aAjXbn <hl[ <tAr kArAb¥[nX.'' 32.
äLkmL aAsn <di p’Xt[ smïASN 
klA, zAr[kABASN C<L mD]<r;
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<tA pdar<N <mAr <Kd rjnX. 27.
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kr[ asXm uSt aâúkr<N,
c[±kZq uptŠkA s[ª-<sb[t d»kA
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168 gw[l[ p’Xt[p’t[mA cud bS“. 28.
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uBA <hAi p]¸k<r mgnY<n,
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wAk] <y T[l[ sAd<r dXG“ aY<n;
sKXkTA sˆr[ mn<r
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dXG“ b[rh b[<zS sh[! m]/ n sh[ <zS-
c[âA<r tApsX<bz kr[ DArN,
<tA hÕdY aAdr<z p’t[b[m¤[ <sðhr<s
m™Ai <tA<t hr<S kl[ brN;
DnŠbAd kr g’hN,
180 z’ªA sh kl] yA' <mA' bAæA pZrN. 30.
tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - p¬m sg“ 27

tps¤[nX
g ADr <m<hr
p¬m sg“
(rskZlŠA )
09 August 2009
(Last updated: 13 ep’[l 2010)
http://www.iopb.res.in/˜somen/GMeher
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - p¬m sg“ 28

rA<jAdŠAn<zABA s[¦] lhr[ stX-kAâ[ T[lA amt sm,

z[<r p]¸-<PnpqL Dr[, p]<¸ <hlA mD] am<tApm,
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tA” z]B aAgmn stX <hAi tps¤[nX,
cAhó ul›s[<l m]n[udŠAnr nXrs jXb<n n[¸ÎB zrX<r
b[qpX-bl›X-s]mn . 1. 42 <h<l bnb[LAs[nX. 6.
e<k t mD]r bsâkAL,
stX stkAr kr[bA lAg[
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s]bº“ <gAlk r<p zt zt
14 b[c[± <duC[ gw[. 2.
<huT[<l Lm¤mAn. 7.
BAÉr BAs¤r mN[ m»n,
uBA <hAiT[<l rmïA s]¥rX
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pM¶[ pM¶[ p±ptAkA Dr[,
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m]n[-upb<n b[¬[<dlA k[bA
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stXhÕd zŠAm z’XrAmmY,
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28 °<m yAi k<l äAn. 4.
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s]r crN<lhn pAi/
c¾A <nlA tn]kAâ[ s¾d,
pAr[jAt <dlA j[B Lm¤Ai,
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s<b“ <h<l kAâ[mY
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s¤g“LxˆX k[bA m<š“Š aAs[ klA
c[n[c¾A <hlA hr[tbrN,
udŠAnk] LXLAmY. 5.
70 rAmrpan]yAYX. 10.
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - p¬m sg“
äA<n äA<n c¥’kLA <kAmL
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m]<d yAuTAe LA ]L hl[
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tA sZxˆ sZ±n[kr. 13.
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mrkt <jŠAt[ Q[Ü[NX dL
tr z[<r kAhó bs[ c¬L
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¤ <diT[lA stX mn r½Ai,
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98 <y<^ d[bAkr-kr. 14.
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29
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kAhó ctbn c<m¤ ggn,
ctbn tLp’A<â aAkAz
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trɦ zt zt
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s<t k[ aCâ[ cAhó,
sXtA zXtAtp tpnk[rN
sâAp zm[bA pAi/. 17.
p’[Y ]m»[t i ]dXbn
kAhó <tAL[Câ[ zŠAm sdn,
zŠAmA <hAi thó nbXnA bDZ
WAL[ <duaC[ s]s¤r mD],
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p]nðAgkAnn zŠAmLtr
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nXLAcL rp Dr[
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p’Xt[sAgrlhrX. 19.
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140 b[Ls[t <c>±rT. 20.
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - p¬m sg“
thÓ/ s<b“ bh[ tmsA jL
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an]k¾A eh[ sm<Y aAs[
<bAi<l mD]r bAñ<LŠ BAS[
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kÆ <huT[b <kAmL p’A<N,
n kr aD[k z’m
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aAs[C[ <hAi p’Tm. 23.
aAs mA' zXtL CAYAk] aAs,
bs[bA, n kr anŠ p’YAs,
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168 lAg[<l tApsXtt[. 24.
an]k¾A thó <bAi<l, ``sX<t,
kAy“Š k<r <lAk z’ªA sh[<t,
P]<l P]<l yTA b[B[nð bAs,
jXb<n jXb<n z’ªA n[bAs,
zrDA s¤BAbbz]
dibX mAnbX aAs]rX <Bd<r
<hAiTAe PLp’sZ. 25.
30
``d<mï ah”A<r kAm <pAS<N,
rA<g <dhb<L aAtˆkS“<N,
tp kr[TAâ[ as]rBA<b,
smïb n]<h/ tA <tAr s¤BA<b,
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182 pZj[TAu c[š z]<ª. 26.
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jXbnr <tAr p’[Y BZSN,
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<tA rmŠ <s*mŠ mZrt[,
kh[<duaC[ b[SY gh<n
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<tj] n T[<b <s <tAr smXp,
<diC[ m]/ tA”] kh[,
pAn<BAjn<r l™A n kr[b]
p[pAsA b]B]xA sh[. 29.
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kAy“Š T[<l t]h[ T[b] aArA<m
<y<b <yu/ d’<bŠ <hb <tA' mn
ab[L<m¤ <d<b k]mArXgN,
n[<j B’m[ upb<n
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210 z”A n rK[b] m<n.'' 30.
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - p¬m sg“ 31

d[n <hAiglA sµ Gq[kA,

knŠAgN <Gn[ zZnŠ Gq[kA
an]k¾A pA<z s¤[nð zrX<r
jN jN <hAi bs[<l DX<r,
p’P]l› D]´Ùr P]l
pA<z yTA PL rAz[ thó pA<z
h[mA¶ k]qˆLk]L. 31.

thÓ/ uQ[ s<b“ d¤[tXY sðAn

kr[ bAhÓw[<l aAbAsäAn,
PL mZL yAhA tApsgN
aAN[T[<l s<b“ k<l <BAjn,
a²Yn a²Apn
kr[ b[D[m<t tAps tApsX
224 m²A^ k<l yApn. 32.

tAps tApsX <s<nh s]K

tw[<dlA stX mAns d]úK,
rAjs]K tA” sˆÚt[pT<r
B’m<r s]ªA n pw[lA T<r
n[m“L hÕdY-s<r
m<nAhr rp rAmrAjhMs
°Xw]TAâ[ n[râ<r. 33.



p’Tm
tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - SÏ sg“ 32

tps¤[nX
g ADr <m<hr
SÏ sg“
ct]©“zAxr C¥
30 January 2010
(Last updated: 13 ep’[l 2010)
http://www.iopb.res.in/˜somen/GMeher
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - SÏ sg“ 33

c[±A sh zzX d[<n uQ[<l gg<n c¬<L jAnkX kr[ sKXk[ <gApn
b[kz[t <hlA nbmAL[kA gh<n. 30 a¬<L Grm C<L <pAC[<l lpn.

DX<r DX<r aAz’mr ml›Xbl›XcY jAN[ sKX pcAr[lA, ``kh t] s]zX<L!

p’P]l›k]s]mp]½ <h<l m]dmY. k[¾A c°bAk rA<b rjnX aAs[<l?

mADbX bk]L ml›X n[aALX s]g¦ TAâ[ k[ e b[h m ngr B[t<r

BA<b g¦bh gt[ kr[ m¥ m¥. rAbâ[ k[ thó m²rA±[<r kAt<r?

tmsA p]L[<n s¤Ò c¥’mAk[rN rAbâ[ ydŠp[ tAhA nAgr[k j<n

aAl[ [ s¤Ò<¥ krT[lA b[crN. aAkº“n kr[ k[s BAb[TAâ[ m<n?''

jAnkX k]q[r pA<z b[b[D aAkA<r z]N[ stX n pAp[<l smïAL[ <lAtk
10 K» K» c¥’[kAr pAdpCAYA<r, kÜs¤r <hlA thó bcn<rADk.

DX<r DX<r pZb“d[<g <hAi ag’sr tA'cAhó kh[lA sKX, ``CAw <sh[ kTA
hÎAs bª[ <lAp krT[<l k<Lbr. 40 cApLŠ <mA xmAkr, bTA <dl[ bŠTA''.

k]qXr/ aLp dZ<r zXtBAn]k<r <bAi<l jAnkX, ``sK[, aAtˆpr[cY

bs[TAâ[ bi<dhX sjnX s <r. n <di prAN <mAr <huC[ aTY.

stX pA<z d[z]T[lA s]DAMz] k[rN BrsA kr[Có, <mAr aâ[m jXbn,
stX a ] <huaC[ <y<^ b[k[rN. t]mï shkA<r eT[ kr[b[ yApn.

K<dŠAt d[oq[ aAz’[ <gAq[e ptr n kh[b[ n[j kTA yd[ t]mï pAz
kAâ[ krTAâ[ c¥’QAr m½]tr! kr[b k[ r<p t]<mï <mA p’t[ b[z¤As!

cAhó tA”] <bAl]TAâ[ stX m<n m<n kh[<d<l lG] <hb <mAr d]úKBAr,
20 ``DnŠ<r K<dŠA<t! t]<mï pt  jXb<n! b]J[b thó<r t]<mï k[pr[ sMsAr.

aCâ[ jg<t jXb t]mïQAr bL[ m]/ rAjn¥[nX sK[, s¾dr <dA<L
aC[ k[<r aAu kAhA kAâ[ t]mï BL[? 50 bW[l[ rA<j¥’p]<r mD]mY <kA<L.

bw BA<gŠ pAiT[l b[z¤pt[br mrAL mYÓr p[k z]k zArX s¤r
<tN] t]mï d]Št[ <lAk-<n±-p’Xt[kr.'' krTAe rAjp]r mD]r m]Kr.

e sm<Y z’Øt <hlA c°bAk s¤n rAb[TAe c°bAk rjnX sm<Y

m]hÓm]“hÓú <huaC[ krNAbS“N. <nAhÓT[LA d]úK thó <mA bAlŠhÕd<Y.

krNAsl[L stX-nYnsr[t <z>zbA<â <hlA sK[, <y<b <mA <y*bn

k<pAL kZLk] b<L <hlA p’sAr[t. <dK[l[ aAs[<l <dz]/ <dz]/ rAjgN.
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - SÏ sg“ 34

r¢mY Dn]q[e jnk <mAhr <k BA [b Dn], tAhA k[ aC[ n[ÍY?
rK[TAâ[, d[z]TAe at[ m<nAhr, e bX<r¥’ <n<lN[ <mA mn kr[ °Y.

j<N j<N <hAi Dn] Dr[ npgN mn T[b e<k, anŠ <hb <y<b pt[
60 qAN[ T<r krTAâ[ aAsn g’hN. jXb<n mr<N <hb BXSN dg“t[.

rtnk[rX<q WA”[ DbL k]âL kmnXY kr yAr p]¸Dn] pA±

<k<t nrpt[ thó <dKAi<l bL. 90 e Dn] Dr[bA tA” apmAn mA±.

<k<t bA y]bk npk[<zAr <kzrX <mAr BAgŠb<L bXr <s d]ª“r cAp
QAN[ Dr[ Dn] Ci/ g<l apsr[. s< s<  BA [<d<l <mA hÕd sâAp.

sdp“ gmn tA” n[ÞL sAhs bX<r¥’ sh[t <hlA <mAr pr[NY
cAhó sK[, <s<t<b<L mAw]TAe hs. DnŠ <hl[ lB[ tA” s¤g«[Y p’nY.

p’AsAd up<r rh[ bh[ k]tZhL, an]j ±[tY T[<l bXrmN[”r

sKX” sh[t <dK]TAe/ <s skL. Di<l <mAhr t[n[ Bg[nX” kr.

<z<S j<N x±[k]L cLaABrN p[tp]r pt[p]r gmn pT<r

70 mrktbrkAâ[g½nbrN. <t<jAmY Dn]q[e p]N[ kAâ-k<r.

Dn] snð[DA<n aAs[ <h<l <zABAkr. x±[Y k]Lr <kt] BAg“bp’br

s<t <y<^ rAjp]± r<p d[bAkr. 100 ap«bAr <dK[ <mAr m<n <hlA wr.

cAhó tA”] hÕd <mAr s¤tú <hlA d’b p]N[ bA lB[<b kAâ <t<jAmYX nArX
tApsXjXb<n nAhó <sh[ an]Bb. <hb abA <mAhr <s p’nY-BgAr[.

npb<¥ kr[T[l[ <k<t uphAs cWA<â <mA kAâ <sh[ zrAs<n zr

sb] cpLtA j<b <hAiglA hÎAs. BAg“b bXrz’X tA”] br[lA st¤r.

<spr[ s]¥r rp pAib nYn pdˆ[nXr p’t[ yTA d]ŠmN[dXD[t[

<k<b t sjn[! BAb[ nT[lA <mA mn. <s bXrz’X bWAilA <mA hÕdYp’Xt[.

B¶[p’Xt[ sh[t <mA n[m“L hÕdY BAb[TAe mn ek, PL hÓe aAn

80 b[n<Y b¥[lA tA” r  pdd¤Y. b]J[ n]<h/ sK[! B<b b[D[r b[DAn.

<y BA [b Dn] tAk] <mA kr ap“N <t<jAmYX bXrbAnA uWAi gg<n
kr[bAk] p[tA <mAr kr[T[<l pN. 110 b[<j k<l bXrbr p’P]l›[t m<n.

m]/ BAb[l[, <sh[d[n pN <hlA <zS, s¾dr bn <mAr z¤z]r-n[LY

tps¤[nX <hb[ <ni p[tA” aA<dz. p’<bz<â thó z]B sm¤Ad mLY.
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - SÏ sg“ 35

<zABAb<x P]q[glA aAn¥s]mn z]N[bAk] thó dXn c°bAk s¤r

p’BAr bl›B hr[<nlA jnmn. T[lA nAhó rA± d[<n <mA<t absr.

nb pr[NXt bXrB’AtA ct]ÆY cAl[glA <sh[r<p d¤Adz bñr

rtn BZSNc<Y <hAi dXµ[mY. bArd[n pr[ <hlA <mA m<n <gAcr.

thór aD[<k sAj[ bDZ”r <bz d[<n kAâ aAs[ <mA<t <bAi<l shA<s
m<hAl›A<s <h<l <sh[ Bb<n p’<bz. ``bA¦[b[, rh[bA aAj[ rA±[ aD[bA<s.

bªA ek T[lA sK[, <s rAjBb<n kr[bAr aA<z, <tA<t hÕdaABrN

120 <skA<L <bAilA hS“bS“N bc<n. rAjLxˆX kAl[ <mA<t kr[<b brN.''

€xrAj[ b[B’Aj[t <c*d[g ggn m]/ <bAil[, ``nAT!, t]mï d[bŠ an]rAg
m»[<l b[rAj[ aAj[ rA<j¥’ sdn. 150 pZº“ T[lA <mAQA<r yA n <hb t BAg?''

<dK[l[ <mA Bg[nX” bdnm»L <s <bAi<l, `` s¤ABAb[k <h<l <h/ <s kTA,
<hAiT[lA nb <p’mm¥A<x pAqL. stXp<d nt hÓe rAjLxˆXmTA.''

up]j[ thó<r nb Gm“kNAcY sAgr sl[L uQ[ Gn hÓe n<B

rtn <jŠAt[<r <hAiglA <jŠAt[m“Y. <lAkh[t sAD[ p<z sAgrgr<B.

<tA s¤[nð llA<q aAj[ s]DAMz]k[rN m L b[D[<r <sh[ rA±[ <hlA <zS
<dK[ sK[, <huaC[ <skTA sˆrN. m LbAjNA p’A<t z]B[lA b[<zS.

s¤g“r s¾d yAhA kh[TAâ[ j<n sc[b sh[t kAâ g<l p[tA pA<z
130 z’Øt[stŠ mN[ tAk] <lAB d[e m<n. <luq[ <bAi<l <mA<t d]úK Br[ BA<S.

s¤g“<lA<B rAjA <tj[ rAjs[MhAsn ``jXbns [n[! rK[ <tA pA<z jXbn

tp k<r b<n kr[ PLmZLAzn. 160 p[tA” aA<d<z aAj[ yAuaC[ bn.

m]/ yAhA <dK[l[, sK[! z¤z]r” G<r y]brAj <h<b p’[Y BAi <mA Brt,
BAb[l[ n T[b tAhA s]<r¥’nb<r. rAjLxˆX <h<l tA” p’NY<r rt.

z¤z]r zAz]” <sðh, s¤AmX” pXrt[ n rK[ mAn[n[, n[j <jŠÏA aB[mAn
t]Ò ³An krAilA <mA<t s¤g“ p’t[. Br<t kr[b] rAjmAnŠ<r s×An.''

<k<t <hlA nb nb m<hAñbmAn <dK[l[ m]/ s¤AmX”r bdnm»L

jg<t tA hÓe <bAl[ n T[lA <mA ³An. d[z]T[lA pZb“pr[ zAâ[<r u™L
¤ .

pt[p’Xt[r¢ rAjBbnrtn <huTAe mn bngh<n c¬L,

140 aA<lAk s]K<r kl[ kAL krtn. k[âÓ <y<^ <mAh pAi/ hÕdY b[kL.
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - SÏ sg“ 36

s¤AmX” bcn mN[TAâ[ pr[hAs n[zA<â pbn bn-p]¸bAs hr[

170 uQ[glA cud[<g <rAdn uÒ¤As. m¥m¥ aAs[ d[e k]q[rk] Br[.

hAhAkArr<b <hlA nbr k¾n z’bN k]h<r WA<L m<nArm s¤r

b[sˆ<Y BAb[l[, e k[ aÖ]t s¤pn. 200 rAj <b>tAL[k r<p aAs[ p[kbr.

ck[<t <bAil[, ``nAT, t]<mï g<l bn mYÔr mYÔrX <hAi ntŠprAYN

rAjp]<r e dAsXr k[s p’<YAjn? m»â[ p’BA<t <mAr k]qXrp’A N.

<hAiTAâ[ rAjrANX, <hb[ B[kAr[NX aAs[TAâ[ kut]<k mgz[z]gN

z’Xpd <sb[b[ <hAi kAnncAr[NX. kr[bAk] <mAh kr/ nXbAr BxN,

z’Xcr<N mt[ <mAr, z’Xcr<N gt[ jnnXr <kAL <tj[ klB klBX
t]mï b[nA n bAæi k[ s¤rg s¾š[. <KLâ[ <mA pA<z <mAr kr/ KAdŠ lB[.

t]m p’[Y abrj y]brAj <h<b b[b[D k]s]<m g]ã[ m<nAhr hAr
180 hs[ hs[ bngAmX t]<mï <hb <y<b. <duTAe/ kAâ g<L p’Xt[uphAr.

y]brA³X <hb <mAr mA»bX Bg[nX <k*t]<k k]s]<m kAâ m»[ <mAr <bNX
m]/ k[¾A n <hb[ t]mï pdA”gAm[nX? 210 B’mâ[ k]s]mb<n s<  <mA<t <Gn[.

<s s]Kb¬[tA <h<l n b¬[b sXtA <bAl]TAâ[, ``sKX, t] <mA' p’NYp’t[mA

p’B]pAd<sbA b[nA b[z¤ tAk] p[tA.'' p’ANr s [nX s¤g“s]Kr gr[mA.''

yA k[C[ b[SAd T[lA s¤AmX”r m<n m]/ <bA<l/, ``p’A<Nz, t]mï <p’m aD[kAr
dZr <hAiglA j<b <mAr <s bc<n. s<  n]<h/ t]LnXY s¤g“ s]K CAr.''

p[tA mAtA B’AtA b¦] BtŠ pr[jn d[<n P]<l c¥’Atp P]lmY ´mï
<tj[ kAâ <mA<t s<  <Gn[ g<l bn. s[MhAsn rc[ Kc[ k]s]mkdm¤.

<kbL lxˆN nA<m T[<l <mA <dbr P]lmY C± kr[ P]lr cAmr
190 <h<l s¤AmX”r bnbAsshcr. b[c[± bŠjn P]<l kr[ <zABAkr.

P[ [<di rAjs]K b[sˆÚt[r n<d <ktkXdL<r kl[ k[rXq n[m“AN

B’m[l]/ ghn g[r[ nbXn aAn<¥. 220 Kc[ r¢r<p rmŠ rmŠ P]lmAn.

sKXr<p pAi b<n m]n[knŠAgN b[n<Y <bAil[, ``nAT pZj[b[ pYr.

tA” <sðh-s]Kj<L <hl[ n[mgn. kpA bh[ s[MhAs<n T<r b[<jkr.''

a<nk d[bs T[l]/ p¬bqX b<n ssˆ[<t <bAi<l <mA<t kAâ mhAmnA
<gAdAbrXpZttX<r p’P]l› jXb<n. ``rAjupcAr sK[, aC[ <mA<t mnA.
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - SÏ sg“ 37

<tA<t m]/ kr[b[ aAj[ bnP]<lz¤rX.'' t] n TAâÓ yd[ <mAr bn-shcrX

<bAl[ P]<l sjAi<l b<L kr Dr[. d]ú<K d <huTAâ[ b[p[<n b[cr[.

tA” rAz BA<S K»[ <mAhr aApš[ yAhA yAhA <bAl]aC/ bnbAss]K
a<g’ uBA <hAi dÆ[ <d<l <mAr p’t[. <s skL krTA<â <mA jXbn z]È.

m¥Ax<r <n± <mAr <hlA n[mXL[t kAâA b[nA kAâp’AN s¤BA<b b[kL
230 rh[l[ <s p]¸As<n <hAi b[d’b[t. b[kL jXbn m<N jgt b[PL.

aAn<¥ <bAi<l kAâ rs[k<kzrX! BAs]TAe jXb yd[ sMsArsAg<r

``krNA kqAxpAt kr P]<lz¤rX!'' 260 tr[bA BrsA TAe bn[tAnAb<r.''

hrSp’P]l› m]K anAi tA”r n T[lA <mA' an]Bb b[rh<bd<n

<bAil[ ``ab[D[ <hlA b[<bk[<zKr! tA'z]N[ hs[l[ L™Abnt bd<n.

n]hi yA' p’B]pd a˜“nAr <yAgŠ hAY! k[C[ kAL p<r <s <GAr kSN
<k<b k[ tA' <hAiTAe dAsX CAr <BAgŠ?'' jXb<n <mA' aD[kAr klA <SALpN.

<s <bAi<l, ``p’NY[NX p’NYXr rXt[ B]¶<BAgX k<r pr d]úK an]Bb

bwAi ekr mAn anŠ l<B p’Xt[.'' az’Ø aAj[ b]hAilA <mA' rTA rb.''

s¤AmX” bdn] tA” p’Xt[ kTA z]N[ tApsX <bAi<l, ``sK[, b]J[l[ n[ÍY
240 n[j BAgŠ DnŠ mN[ m]<d <hl[ t]n[. tb kAâ hÕd<p’mpXy]Sn[LY.

s¦ŠA <hlA °<m n<B <h<l s]DAkr kA¥]T[<b nrmN[ c°bAk pr[,
b[hr[<l kAâ b<n Dr[ <mAr kr. 270 pAh[yAu <b<g t]mï b[pdzb“rX.

kr[bAk] p]N[ <mAr mAnsr½n s]nAr sMsAr <hAiaC[ CArKAr

krT[<l bnbAs s]Kr bº“n. kAhók[ Gq[lA eh[ <GAr d]b«cAr?

<s kA<L adZ<r z]N[ c°bAk-s¤n kr[T[<l rAjA yA' k] jXbnr Dn

shsA p’A<Nz k<l <mA m]K cm¤n. <km<â bL[lA tA”] CAw[bAk] mn!

kut]<k pcAr<â thór kArN b[D[ b[cArk] D[k, kAhó klA k[s,
<s yAhA kh[<l e<b <huC[ sˆrN. amt up<r aAN[ WAL[<dlA b[S.''

<bAi<l, ``<p’Ys[! eh[ kAâAb[rh[t 

250 c°bAk d]úKAn<L <huC[ dh[t.
p’Tm
d[nyAk TAe p’[YA s s]<K s[¶,
tA b[nA mN]C[ e<b jXbnk] t[¶.
tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - sµm sg“ 38

tps¤[nX
g ADr <m<hr
sµm sg“
rAs  kLhMs <kdAr
09 August 2009
(Last updated: 13 ep’[l 2010)
http://www.iopb.res.in/˜somen/GMeher
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - sµm sg“ 39

<bAi<l stX, ``sK[, <mA d]b«pAk BAb[l[ bAhÓw[b[ <y<b ng<r

GqAiaC[ ekA <mA d]úKyAk; 30 s]cAr mgq[k[ <nb[ s <r
<mA km“ pAi/ <dASX n]hâ[ b[D[ ck[t krAib[ p]rbAsX”[
kAâ t s¤BA<b <mA krNAn[D[ <gA! tA s<  bº« bn<zABArAz[k[ <gA!

kAâb[<Ò<d rh[pA<r jXbn, aAhAr <dKAil[ Dr[bA aA<z,

emâ x<N BAb[ n T[lA mn; cmk[ mgbr pA<z n aA<s
sh[l[ sh[, <GAr d]úsh d]úK, mn <lABAi <mAr <n± r½Ai
<dK[b[ <bAl[ ekA s¤AmXz’Xm]K <gA! pz[lA bArm¤Ar b[p[<n yAi <gA!

<skA<L aAzA <mAr kº“k]h<r tA pAi/ bŠ´ <hbA <dK[ <mA mn

10 aAz¤As mè <di m]mZS“A h<r. kAâ <bAi<l <sðh bh[ bhn,
e<b <s aAzA n[<j yAiC[ mr[ `s]¥r mgq[k] aAN[ m]/ tZº“
d <huC[ p’AN tAhAk] sˆr[ <gA!'' 40 sK[, <tA k]tZhL kr[b[ pZº“ <gA!'

sKX <bAi<l, ``sK[, b]J[l[ nAhó Dn] aAz]g Dr[ aAz] gm<n
<km<â T[lA aAzA mlA k[pAi/? cL[<l kAâ tAr an]DAb<n
<tA pr[ sAD¤X pAi dArN bŠTA mgAn]sArX kAâ at[ st¤r
n n[¥] b[D[ ehA b[c[± kTA <gA!'' dÆ[sXmAr <mAr <h<l aâr <gA!

<bAi<l stX,``<mAr d]úKkAhANX z]B[lA bn m<² `rK LxˆN'

z]N[ sjn[, sb] pAr[b] jAN[. <s wA<k b[cL[t <hlA <mA mn,
<ym<â aAmè[l[ <GAr kSN mn sh[t thó <dl[ z’bN,
20 <ym<â aAzAr <mA <hlA mrN <gA! p]N[ uQ[lA rb `rK LxˆN' <gA!

p¬bqX<r d[<n k]qXr pA<z LxˆN bXr T[<l <mAr n[kq,

<KL[lA s¤º“mg ek ul›A<s, 50 <bAil[, `<dK bñ, <hlA s”q.'
c[ÇN cAr tAr c[±[t a  <bAi<l kr[bAk] <mA mn TY,
JL[lA lB[ rb[k[rN s  <gA! `rAGbX BASA n]<h/ n kr BY <gA'!

<hmA<  c[±b[¥]cYr kAâ[ bXr s¤BAb sK[, b]Jâ[ bXr,

<n<± aAN[lA <mAr rtnB’Aâ[, <dK[l[ LxˆN”] DXr gmïXr.
<s jAt[ mg <dK[ nT[l[ d[<n nArXhÕdY s<t at[ d]b“L
ng<r, rAjp]<r abA b[p[<n <gA! aD[k <hl[ tA” bA<kŠ b[kL <gA!
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - sµm sg“ 40

b[nY p<r kr[ kq BASN, pT pb“t<z’NX m´k <qk[

s¤AmXsmX<p tA”] kl[ <p’SN. pAr[<l nAhó <bŠAmb[mAn <Ck[.
<mA s]KsuBAgŠ s¾drAz[ mhXbAsX” bAš“A <dbAr pAi/
60 g<l LxˆN gt[-<s’At<r BAs[ <gA! dXn nY<n TAe/ tLk] cAhó <gA!

b[pd <hAi e<N b[g’hDArX rTzb<d BASA <hb b[PL

<yAgX¥’ <b<z d¤A<r <hlA B[KAr[. 90 jAN[ pkAi<dl[ BZSAskL.
s¤AmX aAs[bAyAe n qAk[ m¥ <dK[l[ ndXmA<n <hAi b[kL
B[xA n[m<â klA <GAr n[b“¦ <gA! zXº“ zrX<r <y<^ <h<l n[ÍL <gA!

B[xA d[a<â b<L Dr[ <mA kr tn] sM<kAc[ t]  pAdpcY

b[mA<n bsAilA <ni st¤r, B[w[<l pr¹r lB[ tA' BY.
kl[ b[nY <k<t, <k<t t™“n abnX °<m <hAiglA nXrb
n klA kº“pAt thó d]™“n <gA! l]c[ rh[<l mg b[h  sb“ <gA!

jAN[l[ <bz n]<h/ g]Nr c[^ pZb“ pÍ[m yAmŠ kk]B±Y

70 bAhA<r sAD]<bz B[t<r B[nð. °<m d[z[lA gAW nXL[mAmY.
mNâ[ <lA<k sb“ z]Bd Dm“ mhX LxN k[C[ n <hlA dÆ
<k jA<N Dm“ nAm bhi ym <gA! 100 thó m²k] rT bAh[lA d]Æ <gA!

dx[N m]<K KL bAh[lA rT a<g’ d[z[lA d[gmZL u™L

¤
k¾Ai Gn<GA<S ggnpT, °<m mN[l[ tAk] bnanL.
kA¥[l[ <y<t <y<t u˜ aAr<b <yt[k[ <hlA rT tA pAz pAz
b[lXn <hlA rT<GASgr<B <gA! asMKŠ <jŠAt[úp]½ <hlA p’kAz <gA!

<dK[l[ t<L bn mYÔrgN BAb[l[ nB <tj[ tArA skL

anAi <mA<t krT[<l <rAdn. d[b<s Câ[ thó dLk] dL.
hr[N yZT yZT UD¤“ nY<n b[D] b[r<h <tj[ n<BAm»L
80 ck[t dÆ[ <diTAâ[ sŠ¥<n <gA. hÕd<Y jALÓCâ[ b[rhAnL <gA!

pxXe pT <rAD[ klA smr k[bA <mA mš“ŠlXLA <hAiC[ <zS

tA px pkAilA <Cd[ pAmr. 110 zmnp]<r <huaC[ p’<bz?
pbn p’t[kZL <hAi gt[k[ <dK[l[ m<nAhr a¡ALX<z’NX
n[bAr[ n pAr[lA m¥mt[k[ <gA! d[zâ[ rmŠ <hmkLs <Gn[ <gA!
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - sµm sg“
d[z[lA °<m p]r a¡ALX bXT[
ngr r½[Câ[ KrdXD[t[.
s¤k<r hm“Šz[r kLsmAn
rsAN[ krCâ[ jA™L
¤ ŠmAn <gA!
<skA<L m<n <mAr <hlA b[cAr
aqi <yAgX n[<Í zmncAr.
ktAâ pAz y[b[ sd<p“ pz[
120 u¬Ai dXµ pt[Bkt[as[ <gA!
ngr p’A<â <yAgX oh›Ai rT
cAL[lA cAhó ek udŠAnpT.
m»[t pT cAr mm“<rAp<L
udŠAn <zA<B nAnA k]s]m P<L <gA!
a<zAk tr thó aD[ktr
k]s]m p]<½ p]<½ d[<z s]¥r
udŠAn m<² ek u™¤L hm“Š
b[b[D rtn<r d[zi rmŠ <gA!
<bAilA <yAgX <mA<t, `<sQA<r rh
130 gN[b nAhó c[<š kAâb[rh.
kAnnbAs<k›z <hlA <tA <zS
s¤rgs]K B]½ m»[ e <dz <gA!
t[n[B]b<n <yu/ d’bŠ d]l“B
bAæ[lA mA<± e<b <hb <tA lBŠ.
shs’ s]k]mArX <sðh p’kAz[
<h<b <tA arb[¥cr<N dAsX <gA!'
rtn b[BZS[t shs’ nArX
wAk[ <bAilA at[ d<w t[aAr[.
`ehAk] jAN[ <mAr hÕd<Yz¤rX
140 <sb[ rh[b hÕ<d Bkt[ Br[ <gA!
41
Kq[b n[t[ ehA mAns jAN[
z]NAuT[b <mAr mh[mAbANX.
<mAr s¾<d <y<^ m<™ tA mn
thók[ krT[b at[ ytn <gA!'
emâ kh[ <yAgX <hlA aâr,
b[sˆ<Y pZr[glA <mAr aâr.
k[e <s <yAgX <mA<t aAN[lA kAhó
<ku/ p]r tA k[C[ jAN[l[ nAhó <gA!
<km<â <hl[ <yAgX hÕd<Yz¤rX?
150 rh[C[ rG]bDZ zrXr Dr[.
mr[ t nAhó m]hó aC[ sˆrN
<k*zlŠs]t s[nA <mAr zrN <gA!
hÕd<Y kl[ p]N[ dW n[ÍY
<y <kh[ <hu <yAgX k[ aC[ BY?
yAbt jXb<n <mA T[b sˆrN
<k*zŠlŠs]t ekA <mAr zrN <gA!
<hu e ymALY aTbA s¤g“
b[hrTAâÓ eT[ <dbtAbg“.
<k kr[pAr[b <mA c[š hrN
160 <k*zŠlŠs]t ekA <mAr zrN <gA!
shs’ dAsX<r <mA k[ p’<YAjn
aAu k[ aC[ <mAr sðAn <BAjn.
kAn<n B’m]T[<b <mA p’ANpt[
tA” cr<N ekA rh[b mt[ <gA!
m½]L bXNA Dr[ z<t BArtX
s Xt yd[ <mAr pA<z krâ[.
<mA k<º“ <hb kAhó tAhAr mZLŠ
kAâz’Xm]KBASA pdk t]LŠ <gA!
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - sµm sg“ 42

emâ BAb[ BAb[ z’Xp<d ²An rAbN nAm z]N[pAr[l[ jAN[

170 <di hrAi<dl[ jXbn³An. p[nAkXcA<p BAf//g[T[lA tA aAN[.
<km<â <k<t kAL <hlA atXt BAb[l[ k[ sAhs kr[C[ z¤An
k[C[ n jA<N pt[c[âA bŠtXt <gA! 200 kr[bA pAi/ y³amt pAn <gA!

k[âÓ <s rA<jŠ <mA<t d[n-zb“rX stk] st d[<n aAs[ d]m“t[

p’tXt <hlA <db-smY pr[. anL <t<j uBA <hL!A <mA kt[.
<dbB]bn tAk] mN[l[ m<n pApb<n pApmAn<s pApX
<db-sAhs pZº“ kr[ jXb<n <gA! bk[lA <k<t aAtˆgr[mA ³Ap[ <gA!

Iz¤<r mnAs[l[ <db, zkt[ <mA d]úK GnGqA ltkDAr

<dbXhÕ<YAc[t pt[-Bkt[. cAhó G]¬[lA bh[ gb“ a¦Ar,
pt[crNAm<t rK[l[ aAzA cmk[glA <mAr <s GnGqA
180 mN[l[ nAhó aAu xÓDA p[pAsA <gA! m<² tA' aAzA BXm b[d]ŠtCqA <gA!

b[b[D a rAg bhÓ BZSN sK[, m]/ <hl[ <yu/ d[bs]/ ³At
b[b[D KAdŠ aAN[ <sb[kAgN. 210 pApX dAnb Ci/aC[ <mA hAt.
kh[<l <k<t <mA<t cAqbcn Ci/lA äLÓ/ uQ[ bŠAp[ zrXr
bL[lA nAhó kAhó thó <mA mn <gA! d]úsh j¤ALA k<r p’AN aä[r <gA!

dAsX” bcnr jAN[l[ °<m mNi/ b[Sd zrpqL

rAbN ±[B]bnjYX b[°<m. sdz apGn <lAm skL.
wrâ[ s]rpt[ z]N[ tA nAm bŠAD b[z[KAht hr[NXgN
s[¦] pr[KXkt l”A tA DAm <gA! k[ d]úK <BAg]T[<b BA<b <mA mn <gA!

<sh[ rAjŠk] m]hó <hAiC[ nXt sh <s d]b«sh d]úK mr<m

190 <niC[ <yAgX<b<z <s d]b«nXt. mt[k[ dW kr[TAe Dr<m.
nbr ngr tA' at]lŠ rmŠ dW BrsA <mAr TAe <kbL
nr k[nðr”r d]rD[gmŠ <gA! 220 abLA pAi/ sdA Drm bL <gA!

yhó k[ bL[TAe tAhAr c[š n jAN[ s[nA T<r rAxsAD<m

B<Y krâ[ <d<b tAhA rc[t. h´ bWAi B[xA <dl[ m]/ B’<m.
aAs[<l arN[mA tAr nY<n e<b kr[b yd[ bL p’kAz
b[pdBY b’A krâ[ m<n <gA! mAr[b[ abA <hb[ tA' h<´ nAz <gA!
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - sµm sg“ 43

ydŠp[ stŠ aC[ jg<t Dm“ kAmA¦ dAnbr pAp-Bb<n

<dK[b jgt <mA aÖZt km“. T[l], ¹rz[T[b pAp <tA m<n.
pApkAp“As <h<l pb“t sm n pA<r kr[ aAu <tA<t g’hN
p]NŠAgð[kNA tAk] dh<n xm <gA! g’hN k<l <hb <lAkgh“N <gA!

<dK sjn[! <hAi Drm€t jLd jL k<l nX<c gmn

230 <mA p’A<N WAL[<dlA <y<^ amt! aAu k[ tAk] rK[ pAri Gn?
kp[e <di <mA<t kAâ-sm¤Ad anLz[KA pr[ an<L dh[
rAbN s<  kr[glA b[bAd <gA! 260 <h<l <s jL U<D¤“ G<n m[zi <gA!

ac[<r rG]mN[ bAnrb<L BAb[l[, T[l[ s[nA Dr[ jXbn

<st] p’´Øt kr[ sAgr j<L. <sb[b[ <bAl[ p’B] pdˆcrN.
LÊ[ d]l“ÊŠ bAr[ aA°m[ l”A n <hb[ yd[ pd¹<z“ BAjn
rAxspt[p’A<N <rAp[<l z”A <gA! jXb<n aAu <mAr k[ p’<YAjn <gA!

d]Èr rNy³ k<l aArmï dh[b[ <dh cAhó cAhó z’Xm]K

k¾[lA l”A z]N[ kp[aArb. eT]/ aD[k <mAr k[ aC[ s]K?
rAxsbM<z T[<l <y<tk bLX d <h<l <dh, abzŠ p’AN
240 sm<´ aAs[ <h<l <s y<³ bL[ <gA! p’B]z’Xa<  yAi pAib äAn <gA!

Drmp<T T[lA <kbL j<N Drmb<L <y<b rh[b <dh

rh[lA rG]pt[ pdzr<N 270 lB[b[ p’B]”r d¤[g]N <sðh!
aqL y]p <hlA <s mhAD¤<r <bAil[, `jLA <hu hbŠbAhn
aBY p]¸mALA Dr[ kÜ<r <gA! kr[b dAsX thó abgAhn <h!'

<y<tk[ bh[T[lA <mA' <n±nXr ak]Ü aA³Abh sk]Ü c[<š

tA' <kAq[g]N <hlA rxrD[r. LxˆN b^[ jAL[<d<l t¤r[<t.
rAbN BAs[ <zAksAg<r ±A<s anLz[KAmAn bAt k¾<n
pw[lA p’B]bANk]mïXr g’A<s <gA! at[ c¬L <h<l nB l¿<n <gA!

tAp<r rG]pt[ <mA<t aNAi st dÆ[ <di m]Kkm<L

250 <bAi<l <sðhz]nŠ <n<± anAi- anL pAz yAi hÕdYb<L.
`k]s ] bL[ nAhó jg<t pAp <bAil[, `rb[zzXbAYÓ ggn
k]s X s<  m[<L <GAr sâAp <gA! 280 pAbk t]<mï jAN p’ANX” mn <h!
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - sµm sg“ 44

rAGb b[nA a<nŠ yd[ <mA c[š <mA an]kZ<L <hlA aAkAzbANX
<p’<m aAkÆ <hAiT[b k[¬[t. 310 stXt¤ <mAr p’B] pAr[<l jAN[.
anL, pq t]<mï sb“ Bx<N anL Dm“b<z <hlA n[b“AN
d[a <h kr[ <mA<t Bsˆ ex<N <h! b¬[lA dm“b<L thó <mA p’AN <gA!

<hAi t T[l[ rx-ng<r b¥X dgD <hAiglA <mA d]úKrAz[

<s yd[ T[b <mA<t pAt<k C¥[. BA<gŠ m]/ <hl[ p’B]pY<r dAsX.
<kAq[ jnm kAâpAd kmL BAb[l[, k<Æ rK[T[bAr jXb
cAhób[ nAhó, <mA<t dh anL <h! lB[l[ s[nA p’B]pdrAjXb <gA!

pAtkX p]NŠbâ t]<mï n jAN bsAi <mA<t p’B] sŠ¥nb<r

290 s¤Dm“b<z n[a sB[” p’AN. <Gn[ bAnr rxdL s <r.
Drm c[r stŠ yd[ jg<t bAhÓwA b[<j k<l a<yA²Am]<K
<mA Dm“ apbAd]/ rK[b <mA<t <h! 320 ggnp<T jY-ul›As s]<K <gA!

<h Dm“! n[j g]<N rh <mA a<  <hAi b[rhmrp’<dz pAr

n wr[ anL<r pz <mA s< . pAil[ z]È p’A<N <p’mAkZpAr.
jXb<n n pAr[<l <mA<t mr<N apZb“ s]K p’A<N <hlA udY
<sb[kA kr[ <db p’B]cr<N <h! mN[l[ jgtk] aAn¥mY <gA!

<mA tn] d <h<l <hb t KAr ydŠp[ d]úK TAe n[j jXb<n
tAhAk] krAib pAd<p sAr. s]K n d[e <dKA b[z¤B]b<n.
<s trkAÏ <di hª“kX h<´ n[j jXb<n <h<l s]K aAgt
300 krAi<db p’B] pAd]kA m<t <h! s]K<r pr[pZº“ d[<z jgt <gA!

p’B] z’Xm]K p]nú p]nú anAi <y r<T pw[T[l[ b[pd-kZ<p,

n[úz<” anL<r pz[l[ yAi! 330 cw[l[ <sh[ r<T s¾d´Ù<p.
cAhó kA¥[<l rG]mN[ lxˆN yA' cAhó cAhó kr[T[l[ °¥n
kA¥[<l <GAr r<b <s>n[kgN <gA! tA' cAhó cAhó <hlA m]d bª“n <gA!

asMKŠ <n<± <hlA jL p’bL r¢dXp[t rT tA' c±gt[

m™Ai <dlA <mA<t kArNŠjL. up<r <mG t<L sr[tpt[.
anL thó <bAD <hlA zXtL sr[t DrADr DrNXrh
pZr[lA hA hA r<b n<BAm»L <gA! <h<l <mA nYnr pXrt[-bZŠh <gA!
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - sµm sg“ 45

pZb“ n[bAs bnäL skL p’ANp’t[mA p]± bn p’YAt

b[dArk]½p]½ rmŠ acL. <hlAr z¤z]r <mA a<yA²AnAT.
DZmjq[L €S[aAz’mmAn n[b“AN kr[ d]ú<K jXbn-dXp
340 c[šk] <mAr krT[<l aA_An <gA! gXb“ANp]r g<l z° smXp <gA!

bŠ´k]âLA m]n[k]mArXgN Brt rAjŠ rAjA-b[hXn cAhó

rT-n[<G“AS d]r/ kr[ z’bN. 370 b<n ai<l s¤AmX smXp DAi/.
ck[<t cAhóTAâ[ Uª“bd<n kh[<l d]ú<K y]¶ krp]q<r,
jnˆAi pZb“ s]KsˆÚt[ <mA m<n <gA! <skA<L T[l] aA<mï c[±kZq<r <gA!

pb[± <sðh tA” sm]dAdr bhÓ b[nY kr[ kh[<l bXr

md] mD]r kTA-ls[tADr. s¤AmX”] s¤AmX <hbA pAi/ mhXr.
mmtAmY zAâ srL dÆ[ p’gAWtr kr[ p[tBkt[
k<l <mA sˆÚt[<x<± pXyZS bÆ[ <gA! rAGb k<l nAhó thó s×t[ <gA!

°mzú k]mArX” nAm skL <bAi<l, <yu/ stŠ n k<l B 

350 kmLr<p P]q[ <h<l b[mL. <tj[<l p<C p[tA s¤kXY a .
<GAr b[rhn[zA-tm <zS<r p[tpAL[t Dm“-b[h X-<bk
s]K-d[bs m]<K, <mA mn-s<r <gA! 380 <km<â <mAw[<db[ <tj[ b[<bk <h!

tA” b[gt BAb-<s*rBrAz[ Brt kA¥[ kA¥[ pw[ cr<N

aA<mA<d p’ANk] <mA <d<l ul›As[. <bAi<l, rK <mA<t pdcAr<N.
bn dz“<n mn <nAhÓ/N] tµ abnX <tj[ a´n<g BAÉr
aAgk] rTbr cAl[lA d’]t <gA! g<l k[ tA”] CAw[ pAri kr <h!

n[sg“ <zABALY s]rmŠ bn p’B] <bAi<l, `rA<± abnXd]úK

bj“n n pAr[lA kr[ <mA mn. K»n kr[TAâ[ zXtmYÔK'.
<s m<n T[lA p]N[ n<B sŠ¥<n Brt b[nY<r <d<l ušr
360 lAg[lA <t<N p]<r z¤z’Øcr<N <gA! `zzA” pAiTAâ[ BAÉr-kr <h!

zŠAms]¥r-kAâ[ kAâ”] s<  r¢pAd]kA <Gn[ <mA z[r<dz

<Gn[ <KL<â äL±Y s]r< . 390 bh[pAr[b mhX <ys<n <zS.
mn <mA <hlA aD“ m»LAkAr m´<k <zAB]T[<l pAd]kAmN[
nb nXr<d z°cAp p’kAr <gA! arAt[k]L m<t mN[<b PNX <h!'
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - sµm sg“ 46

pAd]kA <d<l p’B] Brt k<r `b[p[n-bA¦bX” s<  b[p[<n

<Gn[<l bXr tAhA s¤-m´k<r. °Xwâ[' <bAl[ kA<â kh[l[ d[<n.
bAhÓw[ bXrmN[ sAz’Ø <lAc<n <sh[ rjnX sh[, <nAhÓ p’BAt
lAg[<l rAjlxˆX-d]úK <mAc<n <gA! lxˆN s<  <mA<t pAS[<l nAT <gA!

cud bS“ <z<S aAmïr pT lxˆN aAN[ <mA<t jA^bX-tX<r

anAuT[<l thó lAg[lA rT. nAb]/ oh›Ai yAhA kh[<l DX<r-''
zAz]mAn” pdDZL[ g’hN kh[ n[rª <hlA stX” kÜ
400 kl[ m]/ rT]/ kr[ ab<rAhN <gA! kA¥[<l cAhó aA<g BXSN kÆ <y!

sAn]j sp¢Xk p’B]”] cAhó BAs[<l ang“L <lAtk J<r

Brt m]d-n<d mn m™Ai. 430 Di<l m]n[s]tA tA”] st¤<r.
pAd]kA p’tŠp“N kr[ pY<r kA¥[<l n[<j m]<K m]K lgAi
p’B]” pZjA k<l C± cAm<r <gA! z]N[ tApsXmA<n aAs[<l DAi/ <y!

<mA' kAâ rAjA <h<l, m]/ <hl[ rANX <bn[”] <Gn[ <b<g k]qX<r yAi
<sb[l[ pd p’B] mAns jAN[. kh[<l nAnA kTA c[š r½Ai.
<mA m<n <y<b yAhA hÓe ud[t pAd<p jLdAn p]¸cYn-
st¤<r hÓe tAhA s]s¾Ad[t <gA! p’Bt[ kTA <ni k<l zYn <y!

rAj-d¾t[ bs[ p’Xt[-nAb<r 

410 b[hAr krT[l]/ s]K-sAg<r.
s¾d tr <r bhÓ bñr p’Tm
m™Ai<dl]/ <hAi <k*t]kpr <gA!

<k jAN[T[lA <mAr llA<q b[h[

asXm d]úKl[p[ rK[C[ l[h[.
b[pdrpX <GAr bwbAnL
up]j[ D¤Ms kr[<db skL <gA!

d[bs<zABA-<zS-r½[t nB
prAe BAgŠ <z<S <hlA <mA gB“.
<dAhd pZr<N <mA <h<l tr
420 p’A<Nz <sðhB<r aD[ktr <gA!
tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - aÆm sg“ 47

tps¤[nX
g ADr <m<hr
aÆm sg“
(rAg - <kdAr-k<mAdX )
09 August 2009
(Last updated: 13 ep’[l 2010)
http://www.iopb.res.in/˜somen/GMeher
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - aÆm sg“ 48

jXb<n yubn bW[lA sm ml›X <bAilA, tAhA pAr[b] kAhó?

bsâ bW[ b<n <hlA g’XSm, 30 <tA kAâ BAn] <tA<t CAw[<b nAhó,
y]bA-zkt[ yTA hÓe p’KrA <bAilA kmL[nX <GAq[<l Gn
p’c»tr <hAi aAs[lA KrA. cAhó<b nAhó kAâ <mAr bdn.

s]K-b[SY<BAg-tAr pr[ b[p<d kr[ k[C[ d[n yApn

s¬Ar klA mgtA s]¥rX, kr[b[ Bb-b’t ud+yApn,
tZLA uw[lA <tj[ zALˆLX tr, kAâ <mA Gn <Bd[ pArâ[ nAhó
kpN Dn kA<L u<w KAtr. shâ[ d]úK <lAkm L pAi/.

plAz a<  nAhó pZb“ s]r , aD[k d[n kAâ-<p’mAn]rAg

10 an[tŠ eh[pr[ Bb-p’s , <BAg kr[b[ kAhó? nAhó <mA BAgŠ,
tA<p aD[ktr ml›X P]q[lA tA” crN krT[b[ sˆrN
aD[k bAs tAr a ] Cq[lA. 40 mrN <nb <mA<t kr[ brN.

sAD]-hÕdY tA<p hÓe aqL e j<nˆ k[C[d[n sh[<l d]úK

br¬ hÓe zAâ[ yz p’bL, cAhób[ prj<nˆ s¤AmXz’Xm]K,
k]qj anAilA tAk] hr<S! <s kTA jAnkX” ³An-z’b<N
sADb pAi sAD] abzŠ r<s. pw<â aAdrN mN[ jXb<n.

ek hÕd<Y d]<h/ k<l b[cAr <bAi<l pdˆ[nX <gA aq sADbX

g’XS<m krT[lA bAs s¬Ar, d[z]C[ <tA<t p]NŠmYX pdbX,
brSA <hlA mhX <hb zXtL b[cA<r m]hó <tAr a<q Bg[nX
20 zAâ[ lB[<b jXbjâÓ skL. thó up<r p]N[ BAgŠBAg[nX.

kdm¤ <ktkX t bAskpN <tA pr[ s¤AmX<sðh <BAg[l[ b<n

n]hâ[, kr[<b <s <lAktp“N; 50 s¤Ò amtmY s]K Bb<n,
ap“N kr[ jnr½nBAr <tA kAâ p’BAkr d[bs-nAT
<tj[bA hs[ hs[ trsMsAr. <s bM<z jAt DrA-nAT <mA kAâ.

u©» kmL[nX u¬Ai mTA khÓC[ yAhA n[j Bb[SŠ gt[

sh<S“ smT“n kr[ <s kTA, aAg]/ m]/ lB[l[N[ <sh[ pªt[,
<bAiLA m]hó TAi t]mïr s<  DnŠ <tA' hÕd, DnŠ DnŠ t] stX
JAs[b[ kAL-s[¦] t]  tr< . jXb<n <mAr d[a <tA' z]ªmt[.
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - aÆm sg“ 49

<lAk-bc<n kr[ d]úK aj“n mD]kb<n bs[ z]k skL

kr[aCâ[ kAâ <mA<t bj“n <BAjn-bŠA<j kAq[ mD]k PL.
<mA' BAgŠprkA<L s¤AmX-dz“<n d¤[j s¤BA<b krCâ[ a”n
60 xm <hb k[? kh d[bŠ dz“<n. sZxˆ p½[kA BAbX-bÆ[ LxN.

zXtL ztdL-dLr t<L tmsA tq-bq-b[qp[ tL

Gn zŠAmLbx-srsX j<L, 90 n[b[w k[zLY CAYA-zXtL.
mdŠA<^ kqAi<l <kAk-d¾t[ yhó k]qj-bAs pZrN uq<j
rAjhMsXk[ s<  <Gn[ tA' pt[. sh<j g’XSˆ zAâ[-cr<N B<j.

c[ ]wX kAr»b kA»r b¬[ bALˆXk[ bs[ thó ³An-nYn

kmLb<n Lm¤ L¿n rc[, P[qAi <dK]Câ[ z’XrAmAYN
C±-b[zAL-p± b[p[<n bNA tApsb¥ kAhó <k a²Yn
<hAi aâ[<m <hlA bk-pArNA. <k kAhó krCâ[ <bd gAYn.

u©» ztp±-p± ud<r g]r-grB-BA<b aALsX sXtA

70 pw[ zPr[ l¿ d[e ud<r, tApsX-pr[<b<z <hAi <bÆ[tA,
m»Ôk k]m]d[nX b”A nAw<r n[b[w n[k]½<r pl›bAs<n
n bs]/ w[aA/mA<r w»ÓB w<r. 100 zAâ[ <sbâ[ bs[ ä[r-dz“<n.

b[SA<d bs[ p[k rsAL wA<L pr[D[-y]t k[ <s c¥’m»L

kAk k]lAY pA<z p±uWA<L, rAkA-b[dA<Y B<j a´ acL,
p[pAsA sh[ z’Øt[s]DA n WA<L stX-pA»Ór g» <s¤d-pqL
l]q[C[ <y<^ BY kr[ c»A<L. z[z[r prA h[m nYn-jL.

ncAu nAhó c¾A b[´Ar[ p]Ò tApsX m<² rh[ z’XrAm-rANX

p]Ò-mZL-s]r -pALk-g]Ò, L”A-rAxsX-bš[ sˆÚt[k] aAN[,
khLÓ nAhó r<  clAi px BAbâ[ tApsX” s¤g«[Y BAb
80 <sAdr cAhó <kA<p <hAi b[px. rAxsX nArkXY m¥ s¤BAb.

y]JAiTAe s[nA tAk] aAhAr m<n pw<â bXr bAtnYn

nt]bA B’AtA r[p] hÓe kAhAr! 110 bAt<db”] k<l aB[n¥n,
bs[C[ pXn kA<Y pZº“ ud<r tALbâ<r <dbX sAd<r b[¬[
b[zAL zALtr-wA<L m]d<r. p’sAd lAB k<l zXtL-bXc[.
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - aÆm sg“ 50

e kA<L aA<g aAs[ c[âA-s]¥rX t]mï dz“n-aAzA rK[ aqL

<bAilA bcn<r b[nY Br[, Trk] Tr aAs[ <mGpqL,
``<dbX <gA! d¤A<r aAs[ <k<tk jn <lAwâ[ B’m[ B’m[ drXk[ drX
st< <lAw]Câ[ t]mï dz“n. kAhó aCâ[ <bAl[ sXtA s]¥rX.

bhÓt dZr/ aAs[aCâ[ prA p]Òâ[ <mA<t m¥’ gmïXr s¤<r

DnŠ d[dxA gN[ nAhó e KrA, mAnâ[ nAhó <k<b `nAhó' uš<r,
<dK[<l m<nAhr rp tA”r <KAjâ[ p]N[ z¿A-aA<lAk Dr[
120 hÕdY <hAiyAe p’Xt[aAkr.'' n[ÍY aC[ <bAl[ sXtAs]¥rX.

<dbX <bAi<l, `sK[, aAN st¤r c[^ k[ <db[, aAj[ e BAgŠhX<n?

DnŠ <mA BAgŠ! <mA<t e<t aAdr, 150 aAs[C[ z’XCAm]k] a<nk d[<n,
tA” dz“<n <mAr nYnd¤Y t]mï crN-r<j m»[ m]k]q
kr[<b pAp-tAp abzŠ xY.'' <hAiC[ BAgŠbAn `m]/ c[±kZq'.''

<dbX aA<d<z j<N p’T<m aAs[ tA' p<r uBA ek nb r [NX

<bAilA md]m¥ hAs p’kAz[, s¤Ò u™L
¤ kAâ[ m½] a [nX,
s]c[r pr[c[t bA¦b pr[ tXb’ aAtp-tAp-dp“ g½[nX,
p’NYbA<kŠ s]DA <scn kr[. kAnn-s]¥rX” c[rs [nX.

``<dbX <gA, pZb“ kTA aC[ k[ m<n? gL<zAB[t g[r[ml›[kAmA<L

130 crN <diT[l <mAr sd<n, mD]<k m<nAhr llAm <B<l,
t]mï z’Xa  <t<j <mA' abYb kº“BZSN km nXLrtn
lB[C[ eh[ d[bŠ p’BA b[Bb. 160 z]¶[ kr[C[ kq[BZSA rcn.

<s p’BA-bŠp<d<z <mAr n[J“r kAnnbAsXm]n[ mn<mAh[nX

Jrâ[ aAn¥<r <hAi jj“r, cAr k]q[L nXL <bNX <zAB[nX,
k]s]mk]L <hAi p’P]l›-aAsŠ <kAmL kLBA<S p’snð m]<K
n[¥â[ n¥nk] <dKAi hAsŠ. mD]<r jNAilA stX s×Ó<K.

sr[t-nXr <hAi c[rbAs[t `s]zX<L kt³tA <Gn <mAhr

tXrbAsX”[ k<r sm]l›s[t, m]/ c[r€NX <sðh-€<N <tAhr,
p’Xt[pAL[t t]mï mYÔrgN z]J[b[ €N kAhó? nAhó <mA z¶[
140 u<˜ krâ[ n[t[ g]N gAYn. ktAT“ kr st[, <Gn[ <mA B¶[.
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - aÆm sg“ 51

mhX<r <mAh pr[ nAhAâ[ <k<t m»Ôk dL cAhó bk b[kLm

170 <k kAhó pAiaC[ <tA kpA e<t? m]hÓú p›b<n pAuCâ[ b[B’m,
<tA z]B dÆ[pAt lB[l[ <yN] <k<t bA l]c[ l]c[ upL t<L
<mA bAl[ <hAiaC[ s]bº“<rN]. 200 udr <tAS]Câ[ bs[ n[Í<L.

°XwA<r r½[bAr <tA d[bŠ<n± bnŠ mh[S kAhó dLk] dL

<mA' ur kr[<dl] hXrk-<x±, p”[L krCâ[ srsX jL,
TAu/ g[rX¥’-s]tA z’Xb[ØpdX rAjXbrAj[ <hAi k©“ml[µ
<tA dš upAD[<r m]/ `mhAndX'. l]lAp p<d <huaCâ[ x[µ.

ailA <gAdAbrX b[zdkAYA kAhó bA ajgr aAhAr aA<z

bd<n pw[aC[ b[SAd-CAYA, pw[C[ kAÏ sm sl[L pA<z,
b[k<L kr[ kr[ az’Ø-<mAcn tA' pA<z cAhó mgyZT srNX
180 a¬<L <pAC[ <pAC[ pdˆ-<lAcn. zA©Z“L l]c[ cAqaC[ sÇNX.

b[c[± c[±mAn u™¤L r<  p]N[ <dK[<l <GAr dAb dhn

r½[t kr[ aAN[T[lA tA' s< , 210 DZm t[m[<r pZº“ kr[ ghn,
stX” an]mt[ <ni st¤r asMKŠ zAKA z[K[z[KA p’c»
P[qAi <dKAilA ´rk] ´r. <Wi/ m[z]C[ n<B K»k] K».

kAhó k]s]mAbLXbl›Xr Jw[ j¤Lâ p±cY uQ[ ggn

KrAMz] KrAMz]<r yAuC[ sW[, DZm-bAh<n krCâ[ gmn,
pAdpmAn z]Èptr-<z<y dZr pAd<p bs[ sm¤Ad kh[
mL[n <b<z rh[Câ[ n[<´<j. tA' p<r <huCâ[ tAp<r dh[.

kAhAr zAKAq[e <hAi b[B  <k<t ptr Uª¤“p<T mL[n

190 brj[ pAr[ nAhó pAdp-a , <hAi gg<n <huaCâ[ lXn,
tNpq<L mAg]aC[ zrN pt±X <k<t uw[ pLAâ[ n<B
kA' z[r cm¤[, kAhA Dr[ crN. 220 <k<t bA pw]Câ[ anL g<B“.

pxX-p]rX<S pZr[ p± skL mg mh[S gj dLk] dL

kAhA zrXr kraC[ DbL, zz zZkr z[bA Blݯk-pl,
<kh[ bA lZtAjAl mL[n-bAs DZmpq<L m™[ cAhó an<L
bd<n WA”[ nAz[aC[ ul›As. aCâ[ kA¥[zXk <hAi b[k<L.
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - aÆm sg“ 52

BXtck[tb[š p›b gN zAâ[-hr[NX y]T Diy“Š-krX

pLAâ[ tr/ tr kr[ p›bn, b[SAd-DZ<m p’AN aä[r kr[,
zAbk Dr[ p<Ï <kh[ bA k<x t[txA-sr[tr ud<r yAi
duw]Câ[ DZ<m sr[t l<xŠ. aAkÜ <diCâ[ tn] m™Ai.

sr[t-sikt-<s’At-aAkZL KL hÕdY bLbâ z¤Apd

230 Br[aCâ[ jâÓ <hAi aAk]L, tA”] hó CAw[nAhó <sh[ aApd,
<bAilA <gAdAbrX, ``<dK[l] b<ñ! ekA z’XrAm-hÕd-s[¦]-atL
d»kA dzA <tAr CAw[bA p<C.'' 260 gr<B <hAiC[ tA' bwbAnL.

<bAi<l stX prd]úK-kAtrA rAhÓ g’As[<l yTA c¥’mAgA±

``hA! hA! d»kA <mAr <kL[-psrA, <tA b[nA aC[ np aAkAr mA±,
DnŠ hÓaâ[ k<l st¤r b[D[ pZr[C[ tm mN[mY Bb<n
<mA' <n±-nX<r <tAr zAâ[r b[D[.'' jXmZt yTA tArApZº“ gg<n.

a<yA²A thÓ/ stX CAm]<r <dKA b[dXº“ hÕ<d Câ[ zAz]e bs[
kr[ pW[lA rAjlxˆXr <lKA, sl[L z]K[g<l yTA srsX,
<zAk-gd+gd-d]úK b[kts¤<r PN[nX p’ANDn <ysn mN[
240 k¾[t o<Ï L™Ant BAS<r- thÓ/ aD[k <tA<t TAaAâ[ mN[.

``sK[, m]/ n[zA, t]h[ T[l] <k*m]dX kpAq pw[aC[ p’<mAdb<n

gl] <mA <n±P]l›k]m]d m]d[, 270 P]l bA pw[aC[ kAhA nY<n?
<tA' b[nA nAhó aAu <mA' s]K <Lz m´<k uQ[ g¦bN[k sAj[
Dr[C[ BZSAhXnA <yASAr <bz. z]KAuCâ[ cŠt k]s]mrAj[.

rAjBbn aAj[ <hAiC[ bn bl›X-b[qpX-bXT[ <hAi as]KX

<tA<hA b[rh thó dAbdhn, <tA<t s]mr[ yAuaCâ[ z]K[,
p’<bz[ sb] kr[<diC[ nAz zŸmm“rmY rmŠ pT<r
aC[ k[ aAu pZb“<zABA b[LAs? aAsn krCâ[ z]È pt<r.

<pAw[C[ sm]l›As-pl›bmY <dbrmA<n mAn[ p’B]” kTA

250 b[zAL sAD] hÕdpAdpcY b[SAdB<r Câ[ n]aAi/ mTA,
s]hAs-s]bAs[t k]s]m-bMz m<è n[htbXy“Š yTA B]j 
aAhA sh<j thó <hAiC[ D¤Ms! 280 aTbA tXx+N zN[ BXtmAt .
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - aÆm sg“ 53

Bg[nXmAn”r g»m»L
n[B“r kraC[ krkmL,
<huC[ d[n] d[n tAhA” tn]
as[t-px-c¥’ sdz tn].

s Xt s [nXe m]rj m]K

n Ci/ n[<j <hAiaCâ[ mZk,
dAsXe <tAr bAs[k]s]m pr[
p’gAW d]ú<K Câ[ jXbn Dr[.''

n sAr[ p±pAQ m›AnrpsX

290 a<yA²A abz<r pw[lA bs[,
jAnkX dYAbtX <dK[ tA' dzA
<xAB sâA<p aA<p <h<l b[bzA.

<hAi aAs[lA e<b d[bAbsAn

at[T[ bAhÓw[<l <y' yAhA äAn,
tApsXmA<n <ni stX”[ r< 
n[rt <h<l n[j n[jp’s< .



p’Tm
tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - nbm sg“ 54

tps¤[nX
g ADr <m<hr
nbm sg“
(nqbANX)
09 August 2009
(Last updated: 13 ep’[l 2010)
http://www.iopb.res.in/˜somen/GMeher
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - nbm sg“ 55

stX gB“BAr ušr ušr bs]mtXbx <hlA jLmY

g]rtm <hlA LÊ[ g]rtr, 30 tmsA bh[lA mAw[ kZLd¤Y,
bs[T[<l <hlA uQ[bA d]Èr jAnkX”] cAhó aAsnðp’sbA
uQ[<l d]b“h <hlA k<Lbr. hÕ<d tA” m]d uCL[lA abA.

ekA<L stX”[ <hb <bAl[ kÆ hÕd-b^[ <tj[ pb“t kAnn

bS“A aAs[ klA n[dAG b[nÆ, tn] mAj[ <h<l p’P]l› aAnn
absnð-p’A<N <dbA pAi/ bL <ktkX-kòkd]g“ n[bAs[nX
<c*d[<g uQ[<l jLdpqL. kòk-b[g’<h <hAi s]hAs[nX.

Uª¤“d[<g <rAD kr[ sZy“ŠAtp kh[lA prA <s, b[pd-bn<r

10 qAN[<d<l n<B zŠAm c¥’Atp, b[bªA <b><dhX n BAb mn<r,
c¥’Atp-p’BA b[d]Št-Jl<k kòkb<n m]/ n[<j kòk[t
cmkAi<dlA nYn pl<k. 40 bAs <yAg]/ hÓe B]bn-pZj[t.

d[g nAmA<n sAj[ nXL<bNX tApsX gh<N <hAi tps¤[nX

m»[<d<l thó bk-m]¶A<z’NX, <lAkpZjnXYA <hb] mns¤[nX!
r¢Akr/ r¢<rN] u<šALn k[ kr[b <lAk-<lAcn-dZSN
kr[ d[gpAL m»[<l <tArN. n[j g]N <y<b s¤g«[Y BZSN.

s¤AT“prb<z L™A <tj[ mn] kòA <dK[ aL[ n k<l zrDA

bAsb <bAi<l tAhA <mAr Dn], m]/ n[k[ CAr[b[ <s*rB-¹rDA?
n sh[ <bAi<l r¢Akrpt[ cAr kcwA P]q[ s]<zABn
20 <mA r<¢ n[m«t rh[b <mA kt[. <b<z klA mn-<n± p’<lABn.

anŠ d[gpA<L sAD]Dm“ pAL[ bsâkALr TAi gjdâ

kr[<d<l tA”] <b<L <b<L pAL[, 50 p’Abqk] <dlA k]s]m udâ
s]tA-d]úKtA<p tµA abnXr kmL ml›[kA k]qj b[SY
m´<k brSA WAL[<dlA nXr. p’Xt[p’d <hlA thó at[zY.

ndX sr bn pb“t n bAr[ r¢ mN[ tA”] y¢ klA n[t[

sm´” z[<r WAL[gLA bAr[, k[âÓ <k LÊ[b b[DAtAr nXt[?
tN zsŠA”]r kdm¤ b[kAz rK[ n pAr[lA brSA n[j b<L
r<p <hlA mhX-p]lkp’kAz. t[n[<h/ pw[<l kALr kb<L.
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - nbm sg“ 56

eT[ <hlA ehA stX”r <³Y stX-k]mAr” dz“n-<lALÓp

aAjXbn sAD] n]<h/ ab<³Y, jXmZ<t Ks[<l Dr[ DArArp,
k]s]mm»<n bAS«k uñb drzn-LÓhÕd-ud<b<g
60 an]ÏAn k<l yZi ltA sb“. kZLk] uQ[<l ndXkZL <b<g.

s<t k[ stX” c[šb[<nAdn sAgr brj[ pT]<rAmAgN

n[m[š n[m«t s]rB[-sdn! 90 ndX s<  <h<l ntŠprAYN,
Gn-nXLAm¤rX z’AbN rjnX hÎd s<rAbr <x±-jL p<Ï
k<r z[<r Dr[ y]T[kA rjnX. uQ[ mXngN ntŠ k<l hÕ<Æ.

uBA <hAi stX k]qXr-p’A <N sm´”] bL[ dz“<n aAk]L

ujAg<r TAe <bdnA hr<N, <ku/ uQ[glA tALtr cL,
bi<dhX”r p’sblxN bALˆXk[ mhS« aAs[ tt+xN
p’kAz[t <hlA aAs[ xN xN. k]mAry]g”] k<l s¥z“n.

stX kÆ bh[ rAb[<l adZ<r BAb[<l e g]r-z]° g’hd¤Y

70 at[ aAš“s¤<r b[k<L d©]“<r, ek± aAz’m-aAkA<z udY,
stX-tA <ni cAtk gg<n mhS« hÕdY p’BAtr pr[
Gn Gn jL B[xA klA G<n. 100 aAn¥-k]s]m-bA<s glA Br[.

bªA tApsXe stX snð[DA<n, k]zg]Ò m]n[br h<´ <Gn[

LAg[TAâ[ kAL-uc[t b[DA<n, mè[ ag’ aD k<l K» <bn[,
n[zXT<r n[zAmN[-d]Št[hr an]k¾A k<r kr[ smp“N
jnˆ[<l stX” ymj k]mr. <bAi<l, ``z[z]” kr s×Aj“n.

k]mAr” <tj b[d]Št sh[t ag’<j p’<YAg ag’BAg kr

m[z[ dz d[g klA aA<LAk[t a<DABA<g tn] mAj an]jr'',
hr<S bAsb k<l <tApD¤n[ k<l an]k¾A m]n[ aA³Am<t
80 n jAN[lA <lA<k <bAi<l azn[. BZt-b[nAz[nX rxA <sh[ m<t.

d[g nA”r hÓLhÓLX s<  k]z-Lb <yA<g s×Aj«t tn]

Gn GwGw[ m[z[glA r< , 110 sm]™L
¤ <hlA, zAN[t rtn],
g[r[ bn <h<l k]s]m-brSX tN sh<yA<g yTA bhBAn]
nAc[<l <kdAr, sr[t, srsX. abA s[¦]-bXc[-m]¶ nb BAn].
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - nbm sg“ 57

jAnkX anA<â k]mr” m]K k]mAr” nAB[ <Cdn st¤r

hÕ<d aAs[<h<l s]K s<  d]úK. k<l an]k¾A <hAi hS“Br,
s]K <bAilA, ``e sZy“Š c¥’ pr[ td]šA<r mè-pZt j<L sðAn
n¥nj]g <y g<B“ T[lA Dr[. krAi b[h[<l sjL b[DAn.

DnŠ DnŠ <shÓ ztbAr DnŠ k]mArX”] cAhó tApsXm»L

eT]/ bL[ BAgŠ B<b nAhó anŠ'', aAn¥ gd+g<d k<l <kALAhL,
d]úK <bAilA, ``e n<r¥’ k]m<r dL dL m]n[k]mAr nš“<n
120 <zAB[TA<â aAj[ mN[mY G<r. lAg[<l z’XrAm nAm sMkXš“<n.

<hAiTA<â np-hÕd-aAn¥n d]ª“S“ d]j“Y lbN as]r

dXn d]úKX”r dAr[d’Š-K»n, 150 bnAzn a<T“ z±]Gn zZr
<k<t Dn r¢ bsn BZSN y[bA p<T <sh[ rA<± <d>b°<m
pAiTA<â aAj[ p]rbAsXgN. rh[T[<L pZt bALˆXk[ aAz’<m.

p]r pZrTAâA m L nAd<r aAz’mr <sh[ aAn¥-nAd<r

nB p]rTAâA m LbAdŠ<r, m™[g<l aA<p aAn¥-nd<r,
BAgŠ-<dA<S aAhA tAps tnY- stX”[ p’zMs[ <bAi<l ut+P]<í
r<p aAz’A-k<l tAps-aALY. ``aq mA, pAbnX t]<mï rG]k]<L.

stX-<n±]/ <bn[DAr jL <ni jnnX t]mïr <yN] sb“MshA

130 cAl[glA d]úK s]t<sðh <di, n[<j aq mA<gA, t]<mï sb“MshA,
k]mAr” r<p stX” hÕdY bs]mtX-s]<t, n[j g<B“ bs]
<hAiglA thÓ/ z]ª s]KmY. 160 <TAiT[l ekA aAmï BAgŠbz]/.

k]mAr” b[nA anŠ± nYn <yu/ bs] aAj[ <dl rG]k]<L

cAl[bAk] <l<z <hlA nAhó mn, <zAB[b a<yA²A rjLkˆX c<L''
jnnX-<n±j-<sð<hA™L
¤ r  m]n[-k]mAr” aAn¥-ch<L
r½[ m]hÓm]“hÓú k]mAr” a . <yAg<d<l Kg mg d<L d<L.

<s <n<± aAN[lA p’tXt[ emâ z’AbNX bAS«kX BXmA b[BAbrX

s<t aAb[BZ“t nb p]¸bâ, <zS <hAiglA m]hÔt“k pr[,
mn<r aAn¥ äAp[ s[MhAsn lbN u<©<zŠ s]m[±A-n¥n
140 p’kAz[lA n[j sAb“<B*m pN. b[<j k<l kr[ m]n[”[ c¥n.
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - nbm sg“ 58

d’<bŠ <tAS[bAk] tApsX tAps <s sm¤A<d Br[ hÕd<Y ul›As

170 s¤BA<b cL[lA stX” mAns, hr”] jNAi <tj[ kiLAs,
stX”r mn an]rp Dn stX-h´-pZjA <Gn[bA lAL<s
kAhó? <s t aAs[ aAz’[Câ[ bn. 200 SÏ[<dbX r<p <g*rX b[hAY<s.

c¥’[kA bAæi <tAS[b jgt kAdm¤[nX s<  ir×d C<L

k[âÓ ggn<r <mG upgt, bALˆ[kX aAz’<m aAs[<l c¬<L,
<y<t<b<L stX aAs[<l Bbn] spt tAps k]mArX” kA<Y
m<nT[lA j<b bAhÓw[<b bn]. b[rAj[ spt-mAtkA prAe.

m]n[k]mArX” pAi/ uphAr SÏ d[bs<r stX-h´pZjA

aAN[T[<l k[C[ bAs aL”Ar, sAg’<h g’hN kr[ brB]jA,
tA' kr[ sL<™ b[n<Y bòn k]mAr-y]gL-ar[Æ skL
180 <tAS[<l tAps-tApsX” mn. nAz[, <dig<l mgrAj bL.

hÕd-s[¦] tA” b[D]-kr pr[ °<m <hlA ekb[Mzt[ bAsr

lB[ tA' <ml[lA aAn¥-lhrX, 210 nAmkrNr z]B absr,
s¬[T[<l yAhA PL tNDAnŠ z]N[bAk] stX-s]t”r nAm
k]r<  b[h<  k<l s¾’dAn. am<r aAs[<l <tj[ s¤g“DAm.

B]½[<l <smA<n qNAqN[ kr[ amrXm»LX <sh[ k]t]h<L

<k<t pxX uw[g<l T<ò Dr[, <gAwAi<l tA” p<C d<L d<L,
sAr-zA<b T[<l nX<w <ml[ pAq[ zrtr z]BAgmn skA<z
jnnX aAhAr <dlA tA”] bAò[. pT CAw]T[lA jLd aAkA<z.

mYÓr-mYÓrX kr[ hS“rb rb[-rzˆ[ sh sh<j <s p<T

190 pAdp up<r rc[<l tA»b, aAs[<l sm<´ <jŠAt[m“Y r<T,
d¤Xp-d¤[pAâ<r <kAk[L p’cAr- aAs[ aAz’m<r k]s]m up<r
klA yAi <sh[ z]B smAcAr. 220 m<nAm]g+Dkr <s*rB rp<r.

<k>LA<s <dbAk] <s z]B sm¤Ad bs[g<l d[bŠ s]SmA p’kAz[

rAjhMs gLA kr[ hS“nAd, b[kAz-bŠAj<r <hAi drhAsX,
jnmAibAk]-gurX p’tŠY <k<t bA tAps-tApsX-hÕdY-
p±Dr[TAe b[s k[zLY. m<² pz[g<l <hAi m]dmY.
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - nbm sg“ 59

bAlˆ[kX-n[<©“<z tAps tApsX zrXr aAbr[ stX-dš bA<s

d¤[g]N m]d<r upb<n pz[, s×d<r bs[g<l stX pA<z,
b[b[D k]s]m nbp±mAn LB[ uSAdš nbXn k[rN
aAN[ k<l m½]-m»p n[m“AN. uSA pA<z yTA kmL[nX-bn.

rjnX p’Tm p’h<r aAz’m <bdm<t <hlA <db aArADnA

230 p’dXpmAL<r <hlA m<nArm, bAj[glA zŸ z[ Ar bAjNA,
p’dX<p E ]d til p’cr <jŠÏ k]mArk] <di z]BAz[S
tAps” kr krTAâ[ j]r. 260 p’s<nð <bAi<l m]n[k]LADXz.

<c*d[<g p]¸[t pAdp-bl›rX k]zA<g’ mAj«t <hAiaC[ `k]z'

hs]TAâ[ pAi aA<LAklhrX, nA<m <hb r[p]-kbX¥’-a”]z,
T[lA <s smY p’s]n” pb“ <s r<p kn[Ï k]mArk] `lb'
bW]T[lA c°bš«nXr gb“. nAm <d<l m]n[ mnXS[ p] b.

sAgrsmZ<h yTA xXrAº“b m]n[gN k<l rAm-nAm D¤n[

b¥Arkb<¥ <ymâ bAsb, bjAi m]rj m¥[rA K½nX,
abA h[mAcL sm]˜ z[Kr tAps-k]mArXmA<n bAi bXNA
240 m»<L <ymâ gurXz”r. gAi<l mD]rgXt[ s]DAj[NA.

m]n[b¥ m<² mhA t<pADn s]rB[-s¤rpX amr amrX

b[<zAB[<l kr[ m»<p aAsn, 270 ntŠ k<l thó p’<mA<d s¬r[,
az¤[nXk]mA<r CAYA sM³A pr[ cud[<g TAi mg-mgXgN
k]mAry]gL krp<dˆ Dr[. cAhÓ/TAâ[ <hAi ck[tnYn.

stX an]k¾A aAs[<l m»<p aAz’mr mhAaAn¥ ch<L

<zABA thó uBA <hAiglA d<p“, <yAg<dlA bn p’t[D¤n[-C<L
k °<YAdzX s]DAkr pA<z s X<t rt bA trltA s<b“
p’BAtX tArkA ud[t aAkA<z. <h<l b[dŠADr b[dŠADrX g<b“.

p’t[b[m¤ tA” s<rAbr g<B“ aAz’m u™¤L <hAiglA m]<d

250 <Gn[ p’AcX <y<^ rh[aC[ g<b“, tm k[âÓ stX bdn-k]m]<d,
srLhÕdYA p’snðbdnA rh[glA ekA rAmc¥’ b[nA
stX shcrX tAps-n¥nA. 280 prb tA”r amAbAsŠA s[nA!
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - nbm sg“ 60

tm bWAilA mh[mA tA”r

tm <yAg]/ s[nA c¥’[kA aAdr!
d[z]T[<l s]trt<n s]¥r
yTA r¢sAn] gBXr k¥r.

€S[ <d<b m[L[ stX” <g*rb

bª[ k<l b[h[ aAn¥uñb,
mht” ehA <n>sg«k rXt[
s]pA<± s×AndA<n tA” p’Xt[.

<z<S k]mAr” m LkAmnA

290 kr[ aAz[S[<l m]n[ mhAmnA.
tAps” hÕd-km<L aAsn
kr[ <d<b k<l tTA´Ø BASN.

bn-tr-ltA s]gmïXr r<b

u˜Ar[<l m]<d tTA´Ø sr<b,
d[g b[d[gr d[gpALgN
tTA´Ø zbd k<l u˜ArN.



p’Tm
tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - dzm sg“ 61

tps¤[nX
g ADr <m<hr
dzm sg“
(klŠAN pw[tAL)
09 August 2009
(Last updated: 13 ep’[l 2010)
http://www.iopb.res.in/˜somen/GMeher
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - dzm sg“
stX pAi d]i p]±rtn
p’ANr aD[k kr[ ytn,
lALn-pAL<n n[h[<l mn
lAg[glA dW <sðhb¦n,
CAw[<l nAhó n[m[<S pAz
mN[<l jXbn-BAr uz¤As. 1.
sðAn pAi/ d[<n T<r mAtr
hÓaâ[ ydŠp[ pAz] aâr,
jL-jrjr bs<n <b<g
10 DAi/ aAs[TAâ[ at[ ud+<b<g
prAN, <huTAe c¬L
cAhóbAk] s]t-m]K-kmL. 2.
zz[kLA-gb“ kr[ m©“n,
<hlA k]mAr” a -bª“n,
pZº“ s]DAkr p’A<Y bdn
d[n] d[n <hlA <zABA-sdn,
pAr[<l c[^[ <s jnnX-m]K
<kA<L uQ[bAk] <h<l unˆØK. 3.
hsâ[ anAi mAtA-bdn
20 <kAL <lAw[ <sh[xN[ °¥n,
<sðhB<r mAt Di<L <kA<L
<dAl]TAâ[ thó aAn¥-<dA<L,
Trk] Tr, bdn cAhó
hs[ hs[ <duTAe hsAi. 4.
nT[lA stX” m<n s¤p<n
hAs a”]r[t dg+D Lp<n,
apZb“ s]Kr apZb“ hAs
s¤tú aAs[ <hAiyAe p’kAz,
n <n<l, kAâ <s s]KBAg
30 <bAl[ stX n[t[ n[¥â[ BAgŠ. 5.
62
bdn-km<L bdn-C<L
b[rAj[ BArtX <dbX u™<
¤ L,
p’kAz[<l n[j n[sg“-<jŠAt[
n[¥[ k]¥ i¥] t]SAr <mAt[,
bAi<l, bXNA aA<dŠ md]<r
mA mA mA mA mA mA s¤r mD]<r. 6.
mLYr<p <s s¤g«[Y s¤n
pl›b[t k<r mAtA-jXbn,
p’bAL-pAqLbº“ st¤<r
40 P]q[p<w mAtA-oÏ aD<r,
thó<r, dâ-k]s]mkW[
<k*m]dX-kAâ[<r uQi bW[. 7.
BAÉr prAe BAs¤r mn
aD[kAr kr[ i¥’-aAsn,
ag’sr <hAi k]<br-<kA<S
bdn-p’BAb bWAe <tA<S,
mni n[j k<r jgt
s]K suBAgŠ sm]pAgt. 8.
drb[kz[t kmL jAN[
50 BAs[<l k]mA<r d<rAq[bANX,
<s BArtX hAb cAr-cAhAN[,
m<nAhr <bz lAbNŠ QAN[,
dz“<n p’AN p]l<k pZ<r
<mAh nAc[u<Q mAns-p]<r. 9.
°m<r k]mA<r abnX t<L
bs[<l cAl[<l jAn] p’t<L,
dZ<r TAi wAk[ aAh›A<d stX
bWAi<l <sh[ gt[zkt[,
k]mA<r k]tZh<L shA<s
60 <bg <bg yAâ[ jnnX pA<z. 10.
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - dzm sg“ 63

<k<t<b<L k<r nš[kA Dr[ p¬b<S“ p¬b¶Î b[°<m

d[aâ[ rsnA p”[L kr[, sAj[ k]mAr”] cL[<l °<m,
mAtA DrAi<l s]¥r PL s¤Ò<¥ k]mA<r k<l B’mN
P[ â[ hlAi m]Km»L, sr[t zAd¤L udŠAn bn,
s]cAr cº“k]âL cL[ z¤Apd aApdk] k[¬[t
d[<z <y<^ k½-°Xw[t aL[. 11. n gNi tA” n[B«[k c[š. 16.

uBA <h<l Dr[ jnnX-kr k]mAr” cwAkm“ sb[D[

thÓ/ n[j p<d kr[ n[B“r,
gt[ k<l kr[ kr DArN
70 n[<j n[<j p]N[ cAL[ crN,
gm<n pw[ k<l <rAdn
<tASâ[ jnnX cm¤[ bdn. 12.
s¾Ad[ bAlˆXk[ ³An-bAr[D[,
aAN[ s]d]g“m b[dŠA-kAnn-
100 m<² kr[<d<l p¬aAnn,
k]mA<r thó kr[ s¬Ar
a³An-mAt  k<l sMhAr. 17.

wAkâ[ k]mA<r bn-b[h , rs-r¢mY kAbŠ-z[KrX

k]tZh<L cAhó s]rmŠ r , b[rAjâ[ yhó rAm-<kzrX,
mYÔrp]Ò<r mn bLAi rAbN-bArN-rktDAr
DAi/TAâ[ tAk] Dr[bA pAi/, Jri JJ“r, n[J“rAkAr,
<KLâ[ mg-zAbk Dr[ kA¥â[ s[MhX k¥<r rh[
k]s]<m tA' <bz rcnA kr[. 13. dâX-dâAGAt-<bdnA sh[. 18.

tAps-tApsX p’P]l›m<n k]mAr”] <sh[ g[r[-z[Kr

80 k]mAr”] <ni b]lAâ[ b<n,
p]¸mAL m»[ z[<r k<pA<L
<dALAâ[ p]¸[tlt[kA-<dA<L,
P]qAi <pAe aAn¥ kL[
aAu aAu <bAl[ krâ[ aL[. 14.
110 cWAi <k*z<L €S[-<zKr,
<KLA<â hr[N-zAbk-kr[
<KL[<l k]mA<r zA©]“L pr[,
rAm”] k<l m<g¥’ ³An
jnk n c[^[ s[MhsâAn. 19.

k]mAr” tn] u™¤L zŠAm krâ[ jnnX pA<z gAYn

p]¸<dA<L hÓe <n±AB[rAm, mhS«rc[t <s rAmAYN
bnlxˆX <y<^ s]rmŠ d»X tAn LY s¤<r bXNA bjAi
<g<h› cA<l hr[nˆz[<r m»[, rAm-B¶[r<s mn m™Ai,
pAdp zAKA k<¾ yA s<  d[aâ[ cAL[ nYn z[r
90 anŠ <zABA p’t[ h<s B’ZB< . 15. 120 <p’m-tr <r <hAi aä[r. 20.
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - dzm sg“
tj“n gj“n, b[LAp hAs
gA<n gA<n <huTAe p’kAz,
P]l[u<Q bx bAhÓy]gL
<b<L <b<L b<h nYnjL,
p’AN<r kAbŠ-BAb tw[t
<hAiyAuTAe gA<W jw[t. 21.
bAL-rsnA<r nbŠ BArtX
n[m“LA u™¤LA m½] mZrt[
b[rc[ b[c[± mD]r lAsŠ
130 b[trN krTAâ[ ul›As,
ul›As, <hAi jXmZtAkAr
p’A<N p’A<N m]<¬ amtAsAr. 22.
jAnkX sh[t tApsXmA<n
b[z]ª s Xt-pXYÓS pA<n,
hrS, b[SAd, zAâ[, sâAp
s]K, d]úK lB]TAâ[ amAp,
aAn¥ <xAB hÕdY d’b[
<lAcn] <lAtk pwi s’b[. 23.
<yu/ sXtA rAmAYN-nAYk-
140 rAGb-hÕdY-hAr-nAYk
<s <y k]mAr” gB“DAr[NX
BAg[rTX-tXr-bn-cAr[NX,
k]mA<r tAhA jAnâ[ nAhó
mhS«-n[<SD T[LA LÓcAi. 24.
rAm-sXtA-g]N <g*rbmAn
at[ k]tZh<L krâ[ gAn,
z]N[ stXmN[ <hAi l™[t
krTAâ[ s]<K mn m™[t,
s]t<k aAtˆ<gApn kr[
150 hrâ[ smY tApsX pr[. 25.
64
rmŠ rAmAYN kr[ z’bN
m]g+D m<g TAâ[ <wr[ z’bN,
n[ÍL <LAc<n wbT— pr[
aAhAr b[hAr tSA b[sˆr[,
b[h -b¥ <hAi nXrb
hÕ<d BrTAâ[ z’Øt[-b[Bb. 26.
b[qp[e pº“-k]â-kbrX-
gr<B k]s]m ´bk Br[,
an]gA<n <huTAâ[ n[rt
160 aB[n<Y cAL[ bl›rX-h´,
p’<mA<h gw[yAe tmsA
apZb“ p’<mA<d <hAi b[bzA. 27.
bh[yAe mhX-u<r amt
kr[ DnŠbAd-nAd<r ntŠ,
aAs[ cud[g kAnnbAsX
yAâ[ <s amt-<s’At<r BAs[
a<zS z’Øt[ b[b<r pZr[
<s’At p›Ab[d[e amr-p]rX. 28.
b’A, i¥’, rd’ z]N[ <s gAn
170 krTAâ[ DnŠbAd p’dAn,
udXcX p’tXcX p’AcX abArX
d[g-sXmâ[nX uQâ[ nAc[,
pkAi gAn gb“ psrA
nAcâ[ g¦b“ s<  aÅrA. 29.
<lA<k <lA<k B’m[ B’m[ nArd
m]¶k<Ü bŠ¶ k<l aAn¥,
p’zMs[ bAlˆXk[ kb[tA-rs
z’XrAm-jAnkX-b[z]ª yz,
gAYn tA” k]mAr”r
180 pXy]S brS[ bl›kX-s¤r. 30.
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - dzm sg“
n[j bXNA yA'r b[z¤-b[d[t
bALk bXNA<r <hAi <mAd[t,
pcAr[<l tAk] <bAl[ ušm
DnŠ DnŠ <sh[ m]n[sšm,
p’P]<l› pr-p’zMsA gAi
s¤kXY mh[mA <d<l bWAi. 31.
n[j g]N TAu/ pr sd+g]N
p’zMsA<r jn <hAi n[p]N,
n[j g]N-tr k<r PL[t
190 Dn]g]“<N s[nA zr cAL[t,
pbn bh[ p’s]n-bAs
jg<t aD[k d[e ul›As. 32.
k]mAr” ekAdz hAYn
bYs<r <hlA upnYn,
thóp<r kr[ <bdA²Yn
lB[<l k]mA<r ³An-nYn,
<bd³ p]±-p’t[BA <dK[
<b><dhX d[aâ[ d]úK u<px[. 33.
tpntnYA-j<L arN-
200 k[rN prA<Y nb trN
m<nAhr Cb[, aAN[ brN-
B»Ar-rtn-mYÔK-€N
k]mAr-y]g zŠAm zrX<r
b[c[± <k*z<L m»[lA DX<r. 34.
³An-s×Aj«t BASA tA”r
<hlA z’Øt[-hÕd-pb[±-kr,
bŠbhAr <hAi BASAn]gt
cr[<± rc[t <hlA <dbt¤,
p’dXµ mn-bcn-a  prAN mg yAi st¤r
210 sj[<l jXb<n p’BA-tr . 35.
65
jnnX jXbn s]K-aA<LA<k
pZr[yAe p]±-pQ[t <z›A<k,
aD[k aD[k m<nAr½nX
<huTAe <zAk-sˆÚt[-rjnX,
b]Ji d]úKX s]Kr mZLŠ
c[rs]KX-s]K thó at]lŠ. 36.
k]mAr” nb p’P]l› rp
mAtA-<n± m<N rtn-´Øp,
p]±-p’zMsA mAtA z’b<N
220 pr[Nt hÓe s]DA-s’b<N,
thók[ s¤AmX-s]yzú<z’NX.
stXp<x <hlA s¤g“-n[ú<z’NX. 37.
<yu/ d[n] s]<t jnnX-a”
<tj[ b[h[r[<l <hAi n[úz”,
<s d[n] jAnkX tpsŠA b’t
an]ÏAn k<l anbrt,
smp« mn s¤AmX cr<N
lAg[<l jXbn <zSkr<N. 38.
n[dAG-sr[t-<s’Atsdz
230 stX-p’AN <hAi aAs[lA kz,
as[t pxr zzA” pr[
lxŠ klA mt]Š amA zb“rX,
s¤AmX”] mN[ d[<nz sm
aAzA klA thó <hb s m. 39.
BAb]TAâ[, ``T<r <ku/ upA<Y
dÆ[ <di s¤AmX-pb[± pAe,
smp“N kr[ p]±-y]gL,
d[aâ[ BA [ <mA tn] ag“L,
240 <s m]¶[ b[p[<n krâA Gr''. 40.
tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - dzm sg“ 66



p’Tm
tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - ekAdz sg“ 67

tps¤[nX
g ADr <m<hr
ekAdz sg“
09 August 2009
(Last updated: 13 ep’[l 2010)
http://www.iopb.res.in/˜somen/GMeher
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - ekAdz sg“ 68

ek d[n d[nnAT pT¤X-p’dx[N <y<t<b<L rAjŠ-mAnrxN xmtA

z’m-k›<m abYb-<tj kr[ xXN, 30 n T[<l pw[b P]q[ nXt[-aDmtA,
pÍ[m jLD[ nXL sl[L<r sðAn- aAdz“b[hX<n thó <km<â k]zL
lALsA<r yAi gA<W <hlA m™mAn. <h<b TAi kAnn<r k]mAry]gL?

mZrC[ n pAr[ nA<T <hAi at[ dXn b[<zStú rG]bMz-n<p dAnbXr

m]hÔ<š“ n rh[ tA” p<C glA d[n, <s aAdz“ <db kAhó €S[r k]qXr?
n jANi pt[ b[nA p¢Xr <y dzA ab[kL rAmrp, p’t[b[m¤ pr[
srLA nL[nX bALA n CAw[lA bsA. k]mAry]gL Câ[ abYb Dr[.

xNmA<± l]q[ tAr r bAs <kAS cAhó<L c[^[<b rAm n[jr n¥n
10 rjnX pAiwA klA gg<n p’<dAS, z±]Gn kr[<d<b s<¥h K»n,
s]k]mArX nL[nXr cAhó apmAn k]mAr”] <ni <d<l kr[<b g’hN
±pA<r z[rXStr <hlA m’[YmAN. 40 tA' <h<l n <hb aAu aAmïr gh“N.

BAn] a<´ bhBAn] kr[ aArADnA k[âÓ <s t ekmA± apbAd B<Y
sˆr[<l m<hz-kpA m]n[ mhAmnA, pt[b’tA jAN[ jAN[ n[ÏØr hÕd<Y,
bs[TAâ[ aAz’m<r m»[ k]zAsn <dAhd[nX dY[tAk] b[p[<n <p’rN
BAb]TAâ[ m<n m<n rAm-s]zAsn. kr[Câ[ CL kr[ <dAhd-pZrN.

thó s<  k]mAr” <yAgŠtA b[SY sâAn mmtA tA” hÕd<Y smïb
k[ r<p Gq[b p[tA-p]± pr[cY, bArbS“ p<r <hbA n]hi smïb,
Dn]<b“d rAjDm“ z[xAr d]aA<r p]±<sðh ap«Câ[ p’kt[” p’t[
20 upgt <hAiCâ[ ekA<L k]mA<r. n[ÍY <lAw[<b tA” s×t[ s¾’t[.

tAps” s<  <y<b b<n T[<b rh[ n[jr b[z¤As p’t[ aAäA nAhó yAr
mZlŠmY smYq[ bTA y[b bh[, 50 k[ <hb b]JAi aA<mï kh[<l hjAr,
rAjp]± rAjD<m“ n <h<l n[p]N e b[SY b[D[s]t lxˆN sh[t
b¦Š tr pr[ bŠT“ <hb sb“g]N. prAmz“ kr[bAr abzŠ b[h[t.

bXrp]± n lB[<l bXrt¤ BZSN e sm<Y rAjdZt <yAw[ krp±

bXrbMz p’t[ <hb d]úsh dZSN, p’Nm[ bALˆXk[ k<r <dlA ek p±,
<k kh[b <kAzLr rAjs[MhAsn pAQ kr[ m]n[br <h<l abgt
n <lAw[b d[<n rAm-dAYAd-rtn. aAb[ÈÚt <hAiaC[ bAæAs[ª[-pT.
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - ekAdz sg“ 69

kr[Câ[ rAmc¥’ rAjA n[mèN jNAi<l az¤<mD y³r Kbr,

an]Ï[t az¤<mD y³r kArN, aAs[aC[ rAmdZt Dr[ n[mèN
BAb[<l m]nX¥’ b[D[ <hAi an]k]L z[SŠgN <Gn[ kAl[ kr[b[ gmn.
60 BAbnA-sAgr pA<z <dKAi<l kZL.

thó s<  k]z lb y[<b yTA z[SŠ

y³drzn pAi/ m]n[p]± <b<z <dK[<b bhÓt m]n[ lB[<b aAz[S,
k]mAr”] <Gn[y[bA z[SŠ-bŠp<d<z, mhS« p’´Ab stX kr[ smT“n
k]z lb y³<x<± b]l[ äAn äAn 90 k]mAr” BAr gA<W k<l smp“N.
kr[<b nbXn kAbŠ rAmAYN gAn.

thÓ/ €S[ a<âbAsXmAn”] kh[<l

rAmkTA kr[ p’Xt[-pXYÔS bS“N ``az¤<mD <dK[y[bA yAm[nX pAh[<l,
n[ÍY kr[b jn-mn aAkS“N, k]z lb sh[t<r stXT“ skL
z’XrAm sdz <dK[ k]mAr”] j<n sj <hAi Dr[T[b pA<TY sm¤L.
rAm-p]± <bAl[ n[<Í b[cAr[<b m<n.

bAbA k]z lb bXNA s<  T[b Dr[

n[<j rAmc¥’ n[j p’t[b[m¤ r<p sPL kr[b z[xA s]s Xt kr[,
70 hÕdY m™Ai <d<b p’Xt[-s]DA-kZ<p, <yu/ rAm rAmAYN kAbŠr nAYk
rAm <h<l k]mAr”] g’h<N k]Ü[t <hAiCâ[ t]mï hÕd aAn¥dAYk.
kuzlŠA n <h<b k[ abnX-l]Ü[t?

<sh[ rAm krCâ[ eh[ mhAyAg

kr[ nAhó <b>dXhX”[ rAbN ¹rz 100 aAs[<b bhÓt <dz]/ bhÓ mhABAg,
rAmAY<N z]n[ s<b“ lB[<b hrS. aAs[T[<b b[BXSN L”A-aL”Ar
anL<r <hAiCâ[ stX prXx[t as]rsMht[ sh s[¦] <hAi pAr.
z]n[<l n <hb kAhA tn] kòk[t?

Bl Bl Bl› kp[ a dp’m]K

p’kAz[t rAmAYN BArtX aA<lAk aAs[<b s[g’Xb s<  h<S“ mAj[ m]K,
apbAd-tm CAw[<d<b t[n[<lAk. mNâ[ <y <lAÆÎK» sm sAn]mAn
am[tb[°mzALX bXr hn]mAn.

eh[r<p m<n m<n BAb[ m]n[br

80 atXb hr<S <h<l p’P]l›-aâr, m]<d hÕ<d <Gn[ sXtAdš <mAt[hAr
b[z’Am aA<dz <di dZ<t m[ÆBA<S krT[<b thó s[Mh sdz b[hAr,
z[SŠg<N n[<YAj[<l crcA skA<z. b[b[D p’ALkmA<L m»[ k<Lbr
110 aAs[T[<b g]h s<  asMKŠ zbr.

jAnkX n[k<q yAi h<S“ m]n[br

 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - ekAdz sg“
<y d]l“B rAjLxˆX-<p’m-aAl[ n
B’AtB¶[ b<L <h<L kr[ ul›Ên.
ag’j-pAd]kA <TAi rAj-s[MhAs<n
yAp[<l cud bS“ pLmZLAz<n,
jXbn unðt k<l bA¦[ yqAjZq
Uª“m]<K cA<h/ yAhA h[mAcLkZq.
<s Brt T[<b thó rA<m an]sr[
b[Øp<d b[D]t]lŠ k[š«kAâ[ Dr[,
xNjnˆA LxˆN”] <dK[b thó<r
120 yA sm d¤[tXY j<N nAhAâ[ mhX<r.
n[<j bj’Dr yAr BY<r cL[t
tA dp“ <s kr[Câ[ pY<r dL[t,
<mGnAd-bDbAš“A <hAi kALAnL
rAbN-hÕd<Y pz[ jL[lA p’bL.
thó s<  a -bL aAhÓt[ p’dAn
kr[ ug’tr klA rAxs-p’DAn,
thó tµ kr[ tAr p’dXµ zkt[
n[<xp[lA Dr[ <kA<p sum[± p’t[.
zkt[ aAGAt jAt xtr LxN
130 b<x p<Ï bh[ sAT“nAmA <s lxˆN,
aAK[<r <dK[b yAhA <dK[C ax<r
gAib sB[” kTA sb“smx<r.
s Xt z]N[<b zt zt nrpt[
tpúp’BApZº“tn] zt zt yt[,
<kh[ pcAr[<l thó t]mï pr[cY
<bAl[b, `bALˆXk[-z[SŠ aA<mï B’Atd¤Y.'
rAjA rAmc¥’ <y<b kr[<b aA_An
70
kr[b CAm]<r tA” rAmAYN gAn,
pcAr[<l pr[cY <Gn[ <k*tZhL
140 <bAL[b, `bALˆXk[-z[SŠ <sAdr y]gL.'
Dn <d<l <lAB <tj[ <bAl[b b[n<Y
`k[ kr[b] Dn <ni tAps-n[L<Y?'
<t<N z]N[ m]n[m]K] az¤<mD kTA
<d><dhX-hÕd<Y <hLA aAksˆ[k bŠTA.
BAb[<l n[ÍY rG]k]L-cwAmN[
a<  bsAi<l aAN[ d¤[tXYA rmNX,
DnŠ <sh[ BAgŠbtX PL[<l tA' tp-
pAd<p sAgr-bMz-s[¦]-zXtAtp.
kAhó <ku/ r<p klA k[ <GAr tpsŠA
150 tpsŠAk] tAr <mAr bLÓC[ lALsA,
k[e kh[<db <sh[ tpr n[Ym
n[ÍY kr[b[ thÓ/ tp g]rtm.
<k jAN[b tAhA pZb“ tp b[brN,
jAN[T[<b bz[ÏAd[ mhA€S[gN.
n <h<l k[ k<l tAk] rA³X m<nAnXt?
tA” m<t <hAiT[<b p’B] pr[NXt.
upA<Y aAN[b[ <sh[ n[gZW mâr
b[cAr[ <lK[<l stX b[nY-ptr.
``zrzbñL-D¤j r[p]-gjA”]z
160 d]úKg[r[-bj’ yhó <dKâ[ b[d]S,
rAjrA<jz¤r” <s pdpdˆ d¤<¥¤
dXn B[KAr[NX dZr ntz[<r b<¥.
kr[bAk] mD]-aAzA-t[m[r <Bdn
kAt<r kAâ<r TAi k<r n[<bdn,
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - ekAdz sg“ 71

mhArAj mhAy<³ <hAiC dXx[t bXNA-tèX shkA<r rAmAYN gAi,

nbbAmA <hAiT[b bAmA<” bXx[t. k[e n kA¥[b bh[ mAnb-hÕdY?
trltAcY yhó hÓaâ[ aTY.

m]g+D-bDZ m]g+D <hb <bAl[ ztg]N!

bW[yAuT[b t]mï skL sd+g]N, t]mïr cr[<t n[<j <hAi b[<mAh[t
aAcr[t mhAy<³ kr[b p’dAn yAuCâ[ z[z]d¤Y mhS« sh[t,
170 a<zS rtn Dn <x*m b´ÎmAn.'' kr[bAk] t]mï pd-p”j dz“n
mn tA” <nuaC[ kr[ aAkS“N.

s[ªkAm <h<b thó aT«[ sm]dAY

<mA mAn<s B[xA ek <hAiC[ udY, z]NAi<b t]mï gt d]úKr kAhANX
e CAr B[xA<r nAT n <hb kpN 200 yA z]n[<l d]úK[nXr hÕd hÓe hAN[,
dYA-r¢mY dAn-bAr[D[ aApN. n z]n[<l thó p’t[ DAu/TAe mn
n hÓai kr[ tAr Eñ]kŠ-dmn.

m]/ k[e, tA jAN[bAr n]<h/ aAbzŠk

sdA t]<mï tAps” azAâ[-nAzk, DXrbr, <s kTAk] <Gn[ t]mï z’Øt[
tAps”] k[C[ t]mï nTAe a<dY aAN[b ydŠp[ dXnA <b><dhXr sˆÚt[,
m]hó tps¤[nX <mA<t n kr[b <hY. <b><dhXr p’NYk] mN[b s¤pn
cAhó nb p’NY[nX-p’P]l› lpn.''

<y <hAiC[ aAj[ t]mï a”r BAjn

180 B¶[B<r <dK]T[<b jgtr jn, <lK]TAâ[ p± stX hÕdYb[k<L
pZ<b“ <shÓ kr[T[<l <ku/ <GAr tp, p± <D*t <huTAe nYnr j<L,
<ku/QA<r <k<tkAL <ku/ mè jp. aAu k[ <lK[b[ <bAl[ BAb]T[<l bs[
210 aAs[g<l k]z lb m]<d hs[ hs[.

ehA mA± p’<BA, <mA<t <dbq[ jNAi

anŠ k[C[ D<n <mAr p’<YAjn nAhó, <bAi<l, ``<gA mAtú, DnŠ DnŠ rG]pt[
<kAq[ az¤<m<D <y<t Dn hÓe dAn DnŠ tA” p’NY[nX stX BAgŠbtX,
thór aD[k tAhA <hb <mAr ³An. az¤<mD krCâ[ <k*zlŠA-n¥n
dZt ek aAs[aC[ Dr[ n[mèN.

aAu ek kTA mA± aC[ an]<rAD

d]úK[nXr p]±y]g atŠâ a<bAD, dZtk] pcAr[ yAhA <hl] abgt
nAhó tA” p[t<kAL-aA<rAhN BAgŠ rAmc¥’ <yAg]/ aAj[ DnŠ e jgt,
190 n jANâ[ jnˆkALÓ p[t-an]rAg. jnapbAd rAm k<l b[B½n
p’ANp’NY[nX sXtA kr[ b[sj“n.

jAN[Câ[ jnnXr jXbn k¥Ai

 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - ekAdz sg“ 72

az¤<mDy<³ shDm«NX skA<z rAjmAtA”r pZt crN-kmL-

220 kAnkX jAnkX rAm rK[Câ[ pA<z, rj z[<r <Gn[ p’AN kr[b sPL,
T[lA k[ jnnX, tA”] dY[tA d]l“B? jAnkX-Bg[nX t[n[ T[<b tA” pA<z
anŠ jAYA n iÒ[<l jAnkX-bl›B. 250 b¥[b crN tA” jAnkX b[z¤AsA.

kAhóg<l jAnkX mA n T[<b jXb<n? pcAr[<b <kh[ <y<b kAhAr n¥n

n pAr[l]/ jAN[ <sh[ kTA rAmAY<N, uš<r <bAl[b, aA<mï tps¤[nX Dn."
y[b]/ mA' <dK[b]/ rAm kmL-pYr k]mAr”] hÕÆ klA <mtA” bcn
s<  <nb[ <bAl[ khÓCâ[ m]n[br.'' nb <k*tZh<L tA” pZº“ <hlA mn.

k]mAr” bXNA-s]DA-sAgr lhrX <BAj<n zY<n aAu n <hlA aAdr

stX-jXbnk] <dlA n[m™[t kr[, hÕ<d ntŠ <hlA rAm-p’zMsAbAdr,
hÕd <hAiT[lA <y<^ tµ bAl[mY rAmkTA k]hAk]h[ kr[ pr¹r
230 p›Ab[<dlA rAmp’Xt[-p<YAdr pY. n[d’A-aB[BZt <h<l uBY <sAdr.

m<n m<n <bAi<l, ``hA! m]/ c[rpAp[nX jAnkX jXbn pt[B¶[-ndX[r<Y

<lK]T[l[ BASA p’B]-hÕdY-tAp[nX, 260 BAs]TAe B’m]TAe aAb<š“ aT<Y,
m]/ s[nA abLA at[ d]b“LhÕdYA <kA<L aAN[bAk] tAk] n[d’Ar zkt[
anâ agAD <mAr p’B]”r dYA. n <hbAr jNAilA <yAgmAYA kt[.

aprAD xm nAT, xmAr sAgr <bAilA, ``<dbX <gA aAj[ jAnkX-jXbn

b[D[ klA <mA<t t]mï hÕdYr gr.'' kr[C[ mAnbX-hÕd-sXmAk] LÊn,
<bAi<l l]cAi p± p’kAz[ hrS bArbS“ <hlA zyŠA p›Ab[ <n±nX<r
``yAa b<ñ! <dK[ rAj-pYr-sArs. T<r <h<l aAs]T[lA <mA <kALk] DX<r.

khÓT[<l tAt, thó kh[b s Xt aAj[ <y<t s]mD]<r krC[ aA_An
240 s¤BA<b aqi tAt pXYÓS-s×[t, n z]n[ krC[ s¤g“rAjŠk] p’YAN,
p]NŠmY y³<x<± <hAi s]DA-<s’At nYn-p’t[mA tAr <y <bn[ k]mr
hÕd<Y hÕd<Y <hAiy[b o<tA<p’At. 270 eh[xN[ <hAiy[<b nYn] aâr.

wAk[<l rAGb y[b tA” snð[DA<n dzd[g <hb tAk] a¦kArmY

b¥[b cr<N B¶[pZº“ p’N[DA<n, e jXb<n nAhó tAr s]K-sZ<y“ŠAdY,
<dK[b thó<r tA” abrj±Y pt[p’ANA <hAi tAr <hlA <ku/ PL?
tA” p<d p’Nm[b <dKAi b[nY. <dK] t d]úK[nX kr Bb[SŠ u™L
¤ .
 tps¤[nX - g ADr <m<hr - ekAdz sg“ 73

p’AN-aALbA<L <n±jL kr[ dAn cAl[C[ s]dZr kAL-s[¦] p’t[ DAr

abLA rc[lA pt[Bkt[-udŠAn, <bLÓ<bL kr[ n[j aAkAr p’sAr,
n P]q[lA P]l thó nPL[lA PL upr amrgN b[dŠADrgN
kh t jXbn <hb k[ <GAr b[kL?'' krTAâ[ m<nAhr k]s]m bS“N.

<yAgmAYA aA³A <d<l,``cAl <lA sjn[ amr as]r nAg nr apsrA

280 <zS <hAi aAs[lAN[ zXtLA-rjnX, ``jY sXtA rAm'' nA<d pZrAi<l DrA,
e<b yAu/ <b<g d]<h/ stX-snð[kq G<r G<r p’A<N p’A<N ng<r ng<r
kr[<dbA tA Bb[SŠ rhsŠ p’kq.'' 310 ndX nA<b s[¦] <pA<t k¥<r k¥<r

n[d’A sh <yAgmAYA aAs[<l st¤<r rjnX bAs<r s¦ŠA p’BAt sm<Y

pz[<l jAnkX-pº“k]qXr B[t<r, s]<K d]ú<K DnX DnhXnr hÕd<Y,
s¤g«[Y <jŠAt[<r <hlA kAnn u™L
¤ u˜Ar[t <huaC[ ``jY sXtA rAm''
s¤g«[Y <s*r<B pZº“ <hlA mhXtL. cAhó m]g+D <h<l stX lLnA-llAm.

<s*r<B jAnkXp’AN <hlA p]lk[t 

p’BA-p’BAb<r <hlA <n± n[mXL[t,
d[z[lA jAnkX <hAiCâ[ <jŠAt[m“YX p’Tm
290 tA” <jŠAt[ aA<lAk[t kraC[ mhX.

<jŠAt[m“Y rAmc¥’ r¢-s[MhAs<n

bs[Câ[ tA”] <Gn[ p’snð aAn<n,
rAmc¥’<kA<L k]z, sXtA<kA<L lb
C± Dr[ pA<z uBA Um«LA-bl›B.

c¥’[kA-DbL cAr cAmr cALn

krâ[ Brt kr[ s¤D’m pALn,
z[K»[-z[K» jA<L rc[t bŠjn
k<r Dr[ z±]Gn krâ[ bXjn.

sB[” jXbn-<jŠAt[ Bb[SŠm]K<r

300 <s’Ats¤tX <s’Atr<p bhÓC[ p’K<r,
<kAq[ <kAq[ nrnArX mhAtXT“ ³An
kr[ <s pb[± <s’A<t krCâ[ sðAn.