—__ DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING toms worcyee/eM/ee99 ies INSTRUCTION MANUAL, —_ | unto: 2801201 LABORATORY, . Reson Ho 7 J TITL ON SALIENT POLE, YNCHRONOUS MIC. LOBJECTIVE: TO DETERMINE THE DIRECT AXIS REACTANCE (Xq) AND QUADRATURE AXIS REACTANCE (XQ) 2. THEORY: ; when 3 phase balanced supply ( 10% to 40%) is applied to stator w! rotating ( at syn. speed) magnetic field is produced. At the same time if the rotor is dri speed vary close to its syn. speed in the same direction as the direction of mag field. ‘Then relative speed between the axis of field coil and axis of rotating mag field is the slip speed that is Ns ~ Nr and it is vary small and voltage induced in field coil would almost be zero. Thus projected ( salient) field pole axis (direct axis ) gets aligned with the rotating mag field axis at some time, then in a short real time ( depending on slip speed) it gets aligned with quadrature axis (at 90° electrical angle to D-axis ) and the sequence repeats. ‘When aligned with D-axis, magnetic reluctance of flux path is less, hence more flux and more impedance (reactance), so circulating current ( armature / stator winding) is less and when aligned Q- axis, due to large air gap, reluctance becomes much higher, hence less flux and les impedance (reactance), $0 circulating currant is more. Thus stator current oscillates, between some maximum and minimum value which are readable through an ammeter. Similarly, applied voltage also oscillates alittle in reverse order between some minimum and maximum "Thus, taking advantage of slip condition (ie, why it is called slip test), the direet axis reactance (Xd) and quadrature axis reactance (Xq) as offered by the salient pole synchronous} machine can be found out easily. 3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: 3-Th Vanac- Kalyani Government Engineering College Gretel Dy Tayen SeamDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Doc No.: KGEC/EE/EM/EES91 ELECTRICAL INSTRUCTION MANUAL Tssve No. 22/ Nov, 2021 MACHINE Revision No.: 3 LABORATORY Page 33 ‘4. APPARATUS USED: a) Instruments: SI. _| Item description Type Tdentification | Qly. No. No. [ 5.PROCEDURE: ) > | i) | iii iv) v) vii) | viii) ix) Points i) i) iii) iv) yynchronous Generator: Connect the circuit as shown in Fig. Set the variac for zero output voltage with the switch S1 in the off position. Sat the DC motor and bring it to a speed near synchronous (subsynchronous) of the alternator. Close the switch S1 and inject a small voltage to the stator of the alternator, and note the reading of the voltmeter connected across the field winding. Switch off S1, and reverse the phase sequence by interchanging the connections to} any two terminals of the altemator and repeat step (iv) . If the reading of the semnator field voltmeter is more than the previous reading, restore the previous sequence. Otherwise retain the present phase sequence. Increase the injected voltage a litle to the alternator stator and adjust the speed of the DC motor for maximum swing of the needle of the ammeter A. If the machine gets locked atthe synchronous speed, educe the current and disturb the speed of the DC machine. Always see that voltage across the alternator field winding is minimum or limited within safe value. Take all readings corresponding to ‘maximum and minimum swing of the ammeter. Repeat step vi) with further increased voltage to the altemator stator and take necessary readings. Steps may be repeated to take reading upto rated armature Curent orto that maximum current for which voltage across field winding does not go above 100V. Repeat vi) and vi) for similar injected voltages but at speed near synchronous but being supersynchronous and take necessary readings each times. Note that the voltage across field winding has always to be kept minimum or within safe value. Reduce the variac voltage to zero and switch off SI and then switch off the D.C. Drive motor. to note: Supply frequency fluctuates. Hence for every speed note the supply frequency 0 ‘calculate the slip speed. or necessary plot at least four readings are required for speeds above and four for speeds below the synchronous speed. Pee nitial setting ensure speed very close 0 synchronous speed to avoid over voltage when stator windings are excited. Restrict ihe stator current close (0 its rated value by properly adjusting the variae output. During the initial setting ifthe speed gets locked at synchronous speed, disturb the DC mor field and/or the variac output to cause oscillation of the ammeter needle Falvani Government Engineering College Grosted by Dr Tapan Santee| DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Doc No.: KGEC/EE/EM/EES91 ELECTRICAL INSTRUCTION MANUAL, Issue No.: 22/ Nov, 2021 MACHINE Revision No.: 3 LABORATORY | —__4 | 6. OBSERVED DATA: Stator Rotor | Speed | Remarks Voltage Current Voltage across the | field | winding | Vmax | Vinin | Imax [Imin Ve Nr vw | A A. Vv RPM 5 Hes Hes = Hes = Hes 7. ANALYSIS: |8. GRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS: | Plot X4 and Xq against slip speed and extrapolate the curves to obtain the values of Xq and Xq at slip speed zero. 9, RESULTS: | Maximum (Q) | Minimum(Q) | At slip Zero(Q) Xd 10, REMARKS/CONCLUSION: Comment on the deviation of results/characteristics if any and state any precaution you think about. Kalyani Government Engineering College Created by Dr. Tapan Santra