Formula sheet for Grid, Transformer and Motor Calculations

in ETAP
With this formula sheet, the calculations made by ETAP behind these parameters can also
be calculated manually. The results may not be 100% accurate for dynamic modelling and
some parameters, yet it will be helpful for analysis.

1. Grid:

S.No Parameter to be Estimated Formula

𝐿
1 X/R
∗2∗𝜋∗𝑓
𝑅
[L/R – Time constant in RL Circuit]

𝑀𝑉𝐴𝑆𝐶
2 kAsc
√3 ∗ 𝑘𝑉

𝑀𝑉𝐴𝑏
3 %Z ∗ 100
𝑀𝑉𝐴𝑆𝐶

%𝑍
4 %R 2
√1 + (𝑋)
𝑅

%𝑍
5 %X 2
√1 + (𝑅)
𝑋
 2. Transformer:

Parameter to be
S.No Formula
Estimated

Full Load Amps (FLA) 𝑀𝑉𝐴

1
at Pri √3 ∗ 𝑘𝑉𝑃𝑟𝑖

𝑀𝑉𝐴
2 FLA at Sec
√3 ∗ 𝑘𝑉𝑆𝑒𝑐

𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒
3 %Z * ∗ 100
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒

𝑀𝑉𝐴𝑆𝐶
4 Z base
𝑀𝑉𝐴𝑏
 𝑀𝑉𝐴
5 MVAsc
%𝑍

𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒
5 Z act
𝐹𝐿𝐴𝐻𝑉

%𝑍
6 %R 2
√1 + (𝑋)
𝑅

%𝑍
7 %X 2
√1 + (𝑅)
𝑋

%𝑋
8 X/R
%𝑅

Short Circuit 𝐹𝐿𝐴𝑃𝑟𝑖 ∗ 100 𝑀𝑉𝐴 ∗ 100

9 𝑜𝑟
Contribution at Pri %𝑍 √3 ∗ 𝑘𝑉𝑃𝑟𝑖 ∗ %𝑍

Short Circuit 𝐹𝐿𝐴𝑆𝑒𝑐 ∗ 100 𝑀𝑉𝐴 ∗ 100

10 𝑜𝑟
Contribution at Sec %𝑍 √3 ∗ 𝑘𝑉𝑆𝑒𝑐 ∗ %𝑍

Loading on 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑜 𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑀𝑉𝐴

11 𝑜𝑟
transformer 𝐹𝐿𝐴𝐿𝑣 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑀𝑉𝐴

Magnetic Inrush
12 Multiples of FLA
Current

* From the short circuit test of transformer

3. Motor:

Parameter to be
S.No Formula
Estimated

𝑃𝑂𝑢𝑡
1
Input Power demand (Pin) 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦

𝑃𝑂𝑢𝑡
2
FLA √3 ∗ 𝑘𝑉 ∗ 𝐸𝑓𝑓 ∗ 𝑃. 𝐹

3
Reactive Power Demand 𝑄 = √𝑆 2 − 𝑃𝑖𝑛 2
 𝐹𝐿𝐴 ∗ 𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑇𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
4
Starting Current of Motor 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒

After Starting current of 𝐹𝐿𝐴 ∗ 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒

5
Motor 𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑇𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙

𝑋
6
Starting P.F cos(tan−1 ) ∗ 100
𝑅

𝑘𝑉𝐴 ∗ 𝑃. 𝐹 ∗ 𝐸𝑓𝑓
7
HP 0.746

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 ∗774∗𝐿𝑅_𝑘𝑉𝐴⁄𝐻𝑃
8 %LRC*FLA or
Locked Rotor Current 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒

9 KVA √3*V*I

10 Locked rocked KVA √3*V*LRA

11 LR_KVA/HP √3*V*LRA/HP

𝑁𝑠 − 𝑁𝑟
12
Slip 𝑁𝑠

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡
13
Rated torque 2 ∗ 𝜋 ∗ 𝑁𝑟 ⁄60

14 Max torque** 197% Rated torque

15 Locked rotor torque** 103% Rated Torque

** Depends on the design of motor