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NO: 1
TRANSIENT AND SMALL SIGNAL STABILITY ANALYSIS – SINGLE MACHINE
AIM:
To become familiar with various aspects of the transient and small signal stability analysis of Single
Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) system
PROGRAM REQUIRED: MATLAB 7.6
THEORY:
Stability: Stability problem is concerned with the behavior of power system when it is subjected to disturbance
and is classified into small signal stability problem if the disturbances are small and transient stability problem when
Transient stability: When a power system is under steady state, the load plus transmission loss equals to the
generation in the system. The generating units run a synchronous speed and system frequency, voltage, current
and power flows are steady. When a large disturbance such as three phase fault, loss of load, loss of generation
etc., occurs the power balance is upset and the generating units rotors experience either acceleration or
deceleration. The system may come back to a steady state condition maintaining synchronism or it may break into
subsystems or one or more machines may pull out of synchronism. In the former case, the system is said to be
Small signal stability: When a system is under steady state, normal operating condition, the system may be
subjected to small disturbance such as variation in load and generation, change in field voltage, change in
mechanical torque etc., the nature of system response to small disturbance depends on the operating conditions,
the transmission system strengths, types of controllers etc. Instability that may result from small disturbance may
be of two forms,
(ii) Rotor oscillations of increasing magnitude due to lack of insufficient damping torque.
FORMULA:
Reactive power, Qe =sin (cos-1(p.f))
Stator current, It = =
Voltage behind transient condition,
E1 = Et +jX1d It
1
Voltage of infinite bus, EB =Et –j(X3+Xtr) It
where, X3 =
Angular separation between E1 and EB
o =E1 -EB
Pre fault condition:
X =jXd1 +jXtr +
Power, Pe = sin o
o =sin-1
During fault condition,
n: Pe = PEii = 0
Find out X from the equivalent circuit during fault condition
Post fault condition:
Find out X from the equivalent circuit during the post fault condition
Power, Pe = sin o
max = - o
Pe =
coscr =
tcr = sec
PROCEDURE:
1. Enter the command window of the MATLAB.
2. Create a new M-file by selecting File→New→M-file
3. Type and save the program.
4. Execute the program by either pressing Tools→ Run
5. View the results.
2
PROGRAM:
clear all; clc;
%INPUT DATAS
pc=input('Enter the power in p.u. for plant operating conditions:');
pf=input('Enter the value of power factor:');
f=input('Enter the value of frequency:');
x1=input('Enter the reactance of line 1:');
x2=input('Enter the reactance of line 2:');
xtr=input('Enter the reactance of transformer:');
xd=input('Enter ther reactance of generator:');
et=input('Enter the terminal voltage:');
h=input('Enter the value of interia constant in seconds:');
p2max=0;
%COMPUTATION OF INITIAL CONDITIONS
input('\n');
qc=tan(acos(pc));
s=complex(pc,qc/10);
s=conj(s);
%STATOR CURRENT
input('\n');
it=s/et
%VOLTAGE BEHIND TANSIENT REACTANCE
input('\n');
Etx=et+(xd+xtr+x1/2)*j*it
Etx1=real(Etx);
Etx2=imag(Etx);
Etx=sqrt((Etx1^2)+(Etx2^2));
Etxangle=atan(Etx2/Etx1);
Etxangle=Etxangle*180/3.14;
%VOLTAGE OF THE INFINITE BUS
input('\n');
x3=(x1*x2)/(x1+x2);
Eb=et-j*(x3+xtr)*it
Ebangle=input('Enter the angle of infinite bus:');
%ANGULAR SEPARATION BETWEEN Etx AND Eb
input('\n');
angle=Etxangle-Ebangle
%INFINITE BUS REFERENCE
input('\n');
Eb2=real(it);
Eb2angle=angle;
3
et=et;
etangle=Ebangle;
%CRITICAL CLEARING ANGLE
input('\n');
p3max=(Etx*et)/(xd+xtr+2*x3);
p3max=real(p3max);
delmax=3.141-asin(1/p3max);
angle=angle*3.14/180;
delmax1=delmax*180/3.14;
criticalangle=(1/p3max)*(delmax-angle)+cos(delmax);
fprintf('The critical angle is:')
criticalangle=acos(criticalangle);
disp(criticalangle)
%CRITICAL CLEARING TIME
input('\n');
tcr=sqrt((2*h*(criticalangle-angle)/(3.141*f*p3max)))
OUTPUT:
Enter the power in p.u. for plant operating conditions: 0.8
Enter the value of power factor: 0.85
Enter the value of frequency: 60
Enter the reactance of line 1: 0.3
Enter the reactance of line 2: 0.3
Enter the reactance of transformer: 0.2
Enter the reactance of generator: 0.3
Enter the terminal voltage:1
Enter the value of inertia constant in seconds: 5
it = 0.8000 - 0.0750i
Etx = 1.0488 + 0.5200i
Eb = 0.9738 - 0.2800i
Enter the angle of infinite bus: 0
angle = 26.3869
The critical angle is: 0.9420
tcr = 0.1322
4
EX. NO: 2
PERFORMANCE OF SHORT, MEDIUM, LONG LINES
24.08.19
AIM:
(i) To determine the transmission line parameters L and C per phase per Kilometer for the following cases:
• ABCD Constants and sending end voltage
INDUCTANCE:
The general formula: L=0.2 ln(Dm/Ds)
Where, Dm=geometric mean distance(GMD)
Ds=geometric mean radius(GMR)
(1) SINGLE PHASE 2 WIRE SYSTEM
GMR=D= r =r’
Where, r = radius of conductor
(2) THREE PHASE-SYMMETRICAL SPACING
5
GMR=D= r =r’
Where, r= radius of conductor
Where,
GMD= mn
√(Daa’ Dab’)….(Daa’……Dnm’)
BUNDLED CONDUCTORS:
Where,
GMRL= (DSADSBDSC)1/3
Where,
DSA, DSB and DSC are GMR of each Phase group and given by Dsb
6
DSA= (DsbDa1Da2)2 =[ Dsb Da1a2]1/2
DSA= (DsbDb1Db2)2 =[ Dsb Db1b2]1/2
DSA= (DsbDc1Dc2)2 =[ Dsb Dc1c2]1/2
Where,
GMD= [DAB*DBC*DCA]1/3
where,
DAB, DBC, DCA are GMD between each phase group A-B,B-C,C-A which is given by,
DAB= [Da1b1*Da1b2*Da2b1*Da2b2]1/4
DBC= [Db1c1*Db1c2*Db2c1*Db2c2]1/4
DCA= [Dc1a1*Dc1a2*Dc2a1*Dc2a2]1/4
CAPACITANCE:
A general formula for evaluating capacitance per phase in micro farad per km of a transmission line is given by
Where,
GMD is the “geometric mean distance” which is same as that defined for inductance under various cases.
PROCEDURE:
7
CALCULATION OF ABCD CONSTANTS AND SENDING END VOLTAGE
PROGRAM:
ab=input('value of ab');
bc=input('value of bc');
ca=input('value of ca');
pr=input('receiving end power in mw');
vr=input('receiving end voltage in kw');
pfr=input('recieving end power factor');
l=input('length of the line in km');
r=input('resistance/ph/km');
f=input('frequency');
D=input('diameter in m');
rad=D/2;
newrad=(0.7788*rad);
deg=(ab*bc*ca)^(1/3);
L=2*10^ (-7)*log(deg/newrad);
c=(2*pi*8.854*10^-12)/log(deg/rad);
XL=2*pi*f*L*l*1000;
rnew=r*l;
Z=rnew+i*(XL);
Y=i*(2*pi*f*c*L*1000);
A=1+((Y*Z)/2);
D=A;
B=Z;
C=Y*[1+(Y*Z)/4];
vrph=(vr*10^3)/1.732;
irold=(pr*10^6)/(1.732*vr*10^3*0.8);
k=sin(acos(pfr));
ir=irold*(pfr-(Y*k));
vs=((A*vrph)+(B*ir));
is=((c*vrph)+(D*ir));
angle(vs);
angle(is);
f=angle(vs);
u=angle(is);
pfs=cos(f-u);
eff=((pr*10^6)/(3*abs(vs)*abs(is)*pfs))*100;
reg=(((abs(vs)/abs(A))-abs(vrph))/abs(vrph))*100;
L
c
rnew
A
B
C
8
abs(vs)
abs(is)
angle(vs)*180/pi
angle(is)*180/pi
pfs
eff
reg
OUTPUT:
value of ab 4
value of bc 5
value of ca 6
receiving end power in mw 50
receiving end voltage in kw 132
receiving end power factor 0.8
length of the line in km 200
resistance/ph/km 0.16
frequency 50
diameter in m 0.02
L = 1.2902e-006
c = 8.9713e-012
rnew =32
A = 1.0000 + 0.0000i
B = 32.0000 +81.0657i
C = -1.0578e-022 +3.6363e-012i
ans = 8.5079e+004
ans = 218.6997
ans = 12.0277
ans = 3.1773e-009
pfs = 0.9780
eff = 91.5842
reg = 11.6334
9
CALCULATION OF INDUCTANCE AND CAPACITANCE OF 1 PHASE LINE
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
disp('CALCULATION OF INDUCATANCE AND CAPACITANCE OF 1 PHASE LINE ');
r=input('Enter radius in cm:');
rad=r*10^(-2);
D=input('Enter distance between conductors in m:');
r1=rad*0.7788;
L=4*10^(-7)*log(D/r1);
C=(2*pi*8.854*10^(-12)/log(D/rad));
disp('INDUCTANCE(in H/m:');
disp(L);
disp('CAPACITANCE(in F/m):');
disp(C);
OUTPUT:
INDUCATANCE(in H/m:
2.4237e-006
CAPACITANCE(in F/m):
9.5765e-012
10
CALUCATION OF INDUCTANCE AND CAPACITANCE OF 3 PHASE SYMMETRIC LINE
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
disp('CALCULATION OF INDUCTANCE AND CAPACITANCE OF 3 PHASE SYMMETRIC LINE');
r=input ('Enter radius in cm :');
rad=r*10^(-2);
D=input ('Enter the distance between conductors in m:');
r1=rad*0.7788;
L=2*10^(-7)*log(D/r1);
C=(2*pi*8.854*10^(-12))/(log(D/rad));
disp('INDUCTANCE(in H/m):');
disp(L);
disp('CAPACITANCE(in F/m):');
disp(C);
OUTPUT:
INDUCATNCE(in H/m):
1.2621e-006
CAPACITANCE(in F/m):
9.1794e-012
11
CALCULATION OF INDUCTANCE AND CAPACITANCE OF 3 PHASE UNSYMMETRICAL LINE-
TRANSPOSED
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
disp('CALCULATION OF INDUCTANCE AND CAPACITANCE OF 3 PHASE UNSYMMETRICAL LINE-
TRANSPOSED');
r=input('Enter radius in cm:');
rad=r*10^(-2);
Dab=input('Enter distance between conductors A&B in m:');
Dbc=input('Enter distance between conductors B&C in m:');
Dca=input('Enter distance between conductors C&A in m:');
f=input('Enter frequency');
Deq=(Dab*Dbc*Dca)^(1/3);
r1=rad*0.7788;
L=2*10^(-7)*log(Deq/r1);
C=(2*pi*8.854*10^(-12))/(log(Deq/rad));
disp('INDUCTANCE(in H/m):');
disp(L);
disp('CAPACITANCE(in F/m):');
disp(C);
XL=2*pi*f*L;
XC=1/(2*pi*f*C);
disp('INDUCTIVE REACTANCE(in ohm/m):');
disp(XL);
disp('CAPACITANCE REACTANCE(in ohm/m):');
disp(XC);
OUTPUT:
CALCULATION OF INDUCTANCE AND CAPACITANCE OF 3 PHASE UNSYMMETRICAL LINE-TRANSPOSED
Enter radius in cm:0.35
Enter distance between conductors A&B in m:1.5
Enter distance between conductors B&C in m:3
Enter distance between conductors C&A in m:1.5
Enter frequency50
INDUCATNCE(in H/m):
1.3083e-006
CAPACITANCE(in F/m):
8.8423e-012
INDUCTIVE REACTANCE(in ohm/m):
4.1102e-004
CAPACITANCE REACTANCE(in ohm/m):
3.5999e+008
12
CALCULATION OF INDUCTANCE OF 3 PHASE UNSYMMETRIC LINE-UNTRANSPOSED
PROGRAM:
OUTPUT:
INDUCTANCE(in H/m):
5.7983e-007 -1.2006e-007i
5.1052e-007
5.7983e-007 +1.2006e-007i
13
CALCULATION OF INDUCTANCE AND CAPACITANCE OF 3 PHASE SYMMETRIC DOUBLE LINE
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
disp('CALCULATION OF INDUCTANCE AND CAPACITANCE OF 3 PHASE DOUBLE CIRCUIT-
SYMMETRIC');
r=input('Enter radius in cm:');
rad=r*10^(-2);
D=input('Enter distance between conductors(side of hexagon) in m:');
r1=rad*0.7788;
L=10^(-7)*log((3)^(1/2)*D/(2*r1));
C=(4*pi*8.854*10^(-12))/(log((3)^(1/2)*D/(2*rad)));
disp('INDUCTANCE(in H/m):');
disp(L);
disp('CAPACITANCE(in F/m):');
disp(C);
OUTPUT:
INDUCTANCE(in H/m):
6.7043e-007
CAPACITANCE(in F/m):
1.7238e-011
14
CALCULATION OF L AND C OF 3 PHASE UNSYMMETRIC, TRANSPOSED DOUBLE CIRCUIT LINE WITH
VERTICAL PROFILE
PROGRAM:
OUTPUT:
TRANSPOSED
Enter distance D in m5
15
CALCULATION OF L AND C OF 3 UNSYMMETRIC, TRANSPOSED DOUBLE CIRCUIT LINE WITHOUT
VERTICAL PROFILE
PROGRAM:
OUTPUT:
CALCULATION OF INDUCTANCE AND CAPACITANCE OF 3 PHASE DOUBLE CIRCUIT-UNSYMMETRICAL & NON
VERTICAL
Enter radius in cm: 1
Enter distance h in m: 6
Enter distance D in m: 3.5
Enter offset distance in m: 1
INDUCTANCE (in H/m): 6.1600e-007
CAPACITANCE (in F/m): 1.8826e-011
16
CALCULATION OF INDUCTANCE OF 3 PHASE BUNDLED CONDUCTORS
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
disp('CALCULATION OF INDUCTANCE OF 3 PHASE BUNDLED CONDUCTORS');
epsilon=8.854*10^(-12);
r=input('Enter radius in cm:');
rad=r*10^(-2);
h=input('Enter distance between conductors in m:');
D=input('Enter distance between two phases in m:');
r1=rad*0.7788;
Dm=((D*(D+h)*D*(D-h)*D*(D+h)*D*(D-h)*(2*D)*((2*D)+h)*((2*D)-h)*(2*D))^(1/12));
Ds=((r1*r1*h*h*r1*r1*h*h*r1*r1*h*h)^(1/12));
L=2*10^(-7)*log(Dm/Ds);
disp('INDUCTANCE(in H/m):');
disp(L);
OUTPUT:
17
EX. NO:03
LOAD – FREQUENCY DYNAMICS OF SINGLE AREA POWER SYSTEMS
Date: 14.09.19
AIM:
To become familiar with modeling & analysis of the frequency and tie line flow dynamics of a power systems of
a power system with and without load frequency.
PROGRAM REQUIRED: MATLAB 7.6
Theory:
Active power control is one of the important control actions to be performed to be normal operation of the
system to match the system generation with the continuously changing system of load in order to maintain the
constancy of system frequency to a fine tolerance level. This is one of the foremost requirements in providing
quality power supply. A change in systems load causes a change in the speed of all rotating masses. Of the systems
leading to change in system on which frequency. The speed change from synchronous speed initiates the governor
control action result in all the participating generator - turbine unit’s value requires secondary and load control.
PROCEDURE:
1. Enter the command window of the MATLAB.
2. Create a new model by selecting File - New – Model.
3. Pick up the blocks from the simulink library browser and from a block diagram.
4. After forming the block diagram , save the block diagram
5. Double click the scope and view the result.
Exercise :
1. An isolated power station has the following parameters.
Turbine time constant τT = 0.5 sec
Governor time constant τg = 0.2 sec
Generator inertia constant H = 5 sec
Governor speed regulation = R per unit.
The load varies by 0.8% percent for a 1 % change in frequency, i.e., D = 0.8.
a) Use both Routh – Hurvitz array to find the range of R for control system stability.
b) The governor speed regulation is set to R = 0.05 p.u. The turbine output is 250 MW at nominal frequency
of 60 HZ. A sudden change of 50 MW (Pl = 0.2 p.u) Occurs.
1) Find the steady state frequency deviation in Hz
2) Use MATLAB to obtain the time domain performance specifications and the frequency deviation step
response.
18
19
AIM:
EX. NO:03
LOAD FRQUENCY DYNAMICS OF TWO AREA POWER SYSTEMS
Date: 14.09.19
To Become familiar with modeling & analysis of the frequency and tie line flow dynamics of a power systems of a
Theory :
Active power control is one of the important control actions to be performed to be normal operation of the
system to match the system generation with the continously changing system of load in order to maintain the
constancy of system frequency to a fine tolerance level. This is one of the foremost requirements in providing
quality power supply. A change in systems load causes a change in the speed of all rotating masses. Of the systems
leading to change in system on which frequency. The speed change from synchronous speed initiates the governor
control action result
in all the participating generator - turbine units value requires secondary and load control.
The function is referred to as load – Frequency control (LFC)
PROCEDURE:
1. Enter the command window of the MATLAB.
2. Create a new model by selecting File - New -Model.
3. Pick up the blocks from the simulink library browser and from a block diagram.
4. After forming the block diagram, save the block diagram
5. Double click the scope and view the result.
EXERCISE:
1. A two area system connected by a tie line has the following on a 1000MVA common base.
Area 1 2
20
The units are operating in parallel at the nominal frequency of 60 Hz. The synchronism power coefficient
is computed from the initial operating condition and given to be Ps = 2pu. A load change of 187.5 MW occurs in
area 1.
a) Determine the new steady state frequency and the change in the tie-line flow.
b) Construct the SIMULINK block diagram and obtain the frequency deviation response the condition in part(a).
21
22
AIM:
EX. NO:04
ECONOMIC DISPATCH IN POWER SYSTEMS
Date: 28.09.19
To understand the fundamentals of economic dispatch and solve the problem using classical method with and
without line losses.
Φ= – PD =0 ----(3)
and the operating limits
PGi,min ≤ PGi ≤ PGi,max ----(4)
The units production cost function is usually approximated by quadratic function
Fi(PGi) = aiPG2i + bi PGi +ci ; i=1,2,…..N ----(5)
Where ai, bi ,ci are constants
Necessary conditions for the existence of solution to ED problem
23
The ED problem given by the equations (1) to (4). By omitting the inequality constraints (4) tentatively , the
reduce ED problem (1) ,(2) and (3) may be restated as an unconstrained optimization problem by augmenting the
objective function (1) with constraint Ø multiplied by laGrange multiplier , λ to obtained the LaGrange function, L
as
=0 = – PD ----(8)
The solution of ED problem can be obtained by solving simultaneously the necessary conditions
(7) & (8) which state that the economic generation schedules not only satisfy the system power balance equation
(8) but also demand that the incremental cost rates of all units be equal to λ which can be interpreted as
“incremental cost of received power ” .
When the inequality constraints (4) are included in the ED problem the necessary condition (7) gets modified as
dFi(PGi) / dPGi=λ for PGi,min ≤ PGi≤ PGi,max
≤ λ for PGi = PGi,max
≥λ for PGi = PGi,min
Economic Schedule
PGi= (λ-bi)/2ai ; i=1,2…..N ----(9)
Incremental fuel cost:
Lamda=(pd+(bi/2ai))/(1/2ai)
PROCEDURE:
1. Enter the command window of the MATLAB.
2. Create a new M-file by selecting File→New→M-file
3. Type and save the program.
4. Execute the program by either pressing Tools→ Run
5. View the results.
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
disp('calculation of optimal dispatch');
a1=input('enter a1');
b1=input('enter b1');
c1=input('enter c1');
a2=input('enter a2');
24
b2=input('enter b2');
c2=input('enter c2');
a3=input('enter a3');
b3=input('enter b3');
c3=input('enter c3');
pd=input('enter pd');
disp('calculate lambda');
lambda=(pd+(b1/(2*a1))+(b2/(2*a2))+(b3/(2*a3)))/((1/(2*a1))+(1/(2*a2))+(1/(2*a3)));
disp('lambda=');
disp(lambda);
disp('calculate optimal dispatch of p1 p2 p3');
p1=(lambda-b1)/(2*a1);
p2=(lambda-b2)/(2*a2);
p3=(lambda-b3)/(2*a3);
disp(p1);
disp(p2);
disp(p3);
F1=p1*p1*a1+p1*b1+c1;
F2=p2*p2*a2+p2*b2+c2;
F3=p3*p3*a3+p3*b3+c3;
disp('calculate Ft');
Ft=F1+F2+F3;
disp('Ft='); disp(Ft);
OUTPUT:
enter a1 0.0045
enter b1 5.2
enter c1 580
enter a2 0.0056
enter b2 4.5
enter c2 640
enter a3 0.0079
enter b3 5.8
enter c3 820
enter pd 925
calculate lambda
lambda= 8.6149
calculate optimal dispatch of p1 p2 p3
379.4361
367.4040
178.1598
calculate Ft
Ft= 8.3543e+003
25
AIM
EX. NO:05
TRANSIENT STABILITY ANALYSIS – MULTI MACHINE INFINITE BUS SYSTEM
Date: 05.10.19
To become familiar with various aspects of the transient stability analysis of Multi -Machine-Infinite Bus (SMIB)
system
THEORY
Stability: Stability problem is concerned with the behavior of power system when it is subjected to disturbance
and is classified into small signal stability problem if the disturbances are small and transient stability problem when
the disturbances are large.
Transient stability: When a power system is under steady state, the load plus transmission loss equals to the
generation in the system. The generating units run at synchronous speed and system frequency, voltage, current
and power flows are steady. When a large disturbance such as three phase fault, of load, of etc., occurs the power
is upset and generating units rotors experience either acceleration or deceleration. The system may come back to
a steady state condition maintaining synchronism or it may break into subsystems or one or more machines may
pull out of synchronism. In the former case the system is said to be stable and in the later case it is said to be
unstable.
Small signal stability: When a power system is under steady state, normal operating condition, the system may
be subjected to small disturbances such as variation in load and generation, change in field voltage, change in
mechanical toque etc., the nature of system response to small disturbance depends on the operating conditions,
the transmission system strength, types of controllers etc. Instability that may result from small disturbance may
be of two forms, Steady increase in rotor angle due to lack of synchronizing torque.Rotor oscillations of increasing
magnitude due to lack of sufficient damping torque.
FORMULA
Reactive power Qe = sin(cos-1(p.f))
PROCEDURE
1. Enter the command window of the MATLAB.
2. Create a new M – file by selecting File - New – M – File
3. Type and save the program.
4. Execute the program by pressing Tools – Run
5. View the results.
EXERCISE
1. Transient stability analysis of a 9-bus, 3-machine, 60 Hz power system with the following system modeling
requirements:
i. Classical model for all synchronous machines, models for excitation and speed governing systems not included.
(a) Simulate a three-phase fault at the end of the line from bus 5 to bus 7 near bus 7 at time = 0.0 sec. Assume
26
that the fault is cleared successfully by opening the line 5-7 after 5 cycles ( 0.083 sec) . Observe the system for
2.0 seconds
(b) Obtain the following time domain plots:
- Relative angles of machines 2 and 3 with respect to machine 1
- Angular speed deviations of machines 1, 2 and 3 from synchronous speed
- Active power variation of machines 1, 2 and 3.
(c) Determine the critical clearing time by progressively increasing the fault
clearing time.
PROGRAM :
RESULT
Transient stability analysis of Multi-Machine-Infinite Bus (SMIB) system was studied and simulated using simulation
software.
27
EX. NO:06
SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS USING MATLAB PROGRAM
Date: 12.10.19
AIM:
To analysis and perform the short circuit of given network by using MATLAB program.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Get the impedance value, number of buses and transient reactance of bus.
Step 2: Get the impedance of respedtive buses and calculate the Ybus matrix.
28
FLOWCHART:
Start
Stop
29
PROGRAM:
30
Iss(n,m)=Iss(m,n);
end
disp('short circuit line current');
Iss
OUTPUT:
enter the no of impedance values:5
enter the no of buses:4
transient reactance of bus:.15j
transient reactance of bus:.15j
transient reactance of bus:0
transient reactance of bus:0
starting the number:1
receiving bus number:2
impedance of bus:.2j
starting the number:1
receiving bus number:3
impedance of bus:.15j
starting the number:1
receiving bus number:4
impedance of bus:.1j
starting the number:2
receiving bus number:3
impedance of bus:.15j
starting the number:2
receiving bus number:4
impedance of bus:.15j
Ybus =Columns 1 through 3
Column 4
0 -10.0000i
0 - 6.6667i
0
0 -16.6667i
31
0 + 0.0066i 0 + 0.0534i 0 - 0.0300i
0 - 0.0300i 0 - 0.0300i 0 + 0.1050i
0 - 0.0347i 0 - 0.0253i 0 + 0.0300i
Column 4
0 - 0.0347i
0 - 0.0253i
0 + 0.0300i
0 + 0.0909i
vf =
fault current:
If =
0 -10.9966i
0 0 - 0.5155i 0 - 4.7423i
0 - 0.5155i 0 0 - 4.0550i
0 - 4.7423i 0 - 4.0550i 0
0 -13.8144i 0 - 8.5223i 0
Column 4
0 -13.8144i
0 - 8.5223i
0
0
RESULT:
Thus the short circuit has been analyzed by using MATLAB and short circuit current was obtained.
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