Task1

1. Gravitational for proportional to the third power of length (𝑚𝑔 = 𝜌𝑉𝑔~𝐿3 ) while air
resistance ~ L2 so for small objects, r resistance can be significant. Also, the impact rate of
damage for the same speed will be smaller for small objects.
2. Because of smaller d you can place nanoscale supercapacitors more efficiently so the total
area of them will be large while d is small, o overall energy can be 100 times bigger
compared to other small-scalesmallcitors.
8𝑄𝜂𝑙 Δ𝑝 𝑟4 (0.3𝑚𝑚)4 Δ𝑝
3. Δ𝑝 = ⇒ Δ𝑝1 = 𝑟24 = = 5.0625 ⋅ 10−8 or Δ𝑝12 ≈ 1.975 ⋅ 107
𝜋𝑟 4 2 1 (20𝑚𝑚)4
𝜌1𝑉1 𝑙1 𝜌2 𝑉2𝑙2
4. We want to achive same Reynolds number: 𝑅𝑒1 = 𝑅𝑒2 ⇒ = ⇒ 𝑉2 =
𝜇1 𝜇2
𝜇2𝜌1 𝑉1 𝑙1 3⋅1.5⋅10−5𝑘𝑔/𝑚𝑠⋅1.2𝑘𝑔/𝑚 3
== 1.2 kg/𝑚3 ⇒ 𝑉2 = 200𝑘𝑚/ℎ ⋅ ≈ 519.23𝑘𝑚 ⁄ℎ
𝜇1 𝜌2𝑙2 1.6⋅10−5𝑘𝑔/𝑚𝑠⋅1.3𝑘𝑔/𝑚 3
𝜌𝑉𝑙
5. Re > 4000: turbulent flow for pipes𝑅𝑒 = , 𝑙 − 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝑉 − 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝜇
𝜇⋅𝑅𝑒 8.90⋅10−4 𝑘𝑔/𝑚𝑠⋅0.5
for Re=0.5 𝑉 = = ≈ 1.12 ⋅ 10−3 𝑚⁄𝑠 For Re=4000 and
𝜌⋅𝑙 997.3𝑘𝑔/𝑚 3⋅2⋅200⋅10−6𝑚
𝜇⋅𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏 8.90⋅10−4𝑘𝑔/𝑚𝑠⋅4000
the same V: 𝑙 = = 𝑚 ≈ 3.19𝑚
𝜌⋅𝑉 997.3𝑘𝑔/𝑚 3⋅1.12⋅10−3 𝑠
𝐶
6. 𝐸𝑝 = − 𝑟6 𝐸𝑝 − 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑎𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠, So that force depend
on distance .C - constant depend on electron sturcture, not macro properties
𝜌𝑉𝑙
7. 𝑅𝑒 = ~𝐿1 (𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟)
𝜂

𝜌𝑙 −1 𝐸𝐼 ∫ ∫ 𝑟 2 𝑑𝐴
𝑅 = ~𝐿 (𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 1
𝐿 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑎𝑠 𝐿2 )𝜔 ∼√ ∼ √ ∼ 𝐿−1
𝐴 𝜌𝐴𝑙4 𝐴𝑙4

For electrostatic forces for capacitor plates(for same charge density)

𝜎 2𝐴 2
𝐹⊥ = ~𝐿
2𝜀
So, with downscaling we have to choose 𝐿−𝑛 . They are electric resistance & mechanical resonant
frequency