Chapter 10: Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis

Electrical Network Analysis

(By AP Muhammad Shafique)

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 10 - Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis
Key Points:
 Introduction
 Nodal Analysis
 Mesh Analysis
 Superposition
 Source Transformation
 Thvenin and Norton Equivalent Circuit
 Maximum Power Transfer
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 Introduction
Having gone through Chapter 9, we know that:
a) Circuit Laws like Ohm’s Law, KCL and KCL are applicable in Phasor Domain
b) When transformed in Phasor domain, Impedances can be combined in series
and parallel in similar manners just like resistors.
c) Circuit analysis technique likes Nodal, Mesh, etc. can be applied in Phasor
Domain.
d) Having Calculated the result in Phasor form, same can be converted back to
time domain.

We will discuss examples for each of the Circuit Analysis Techniques

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 Nodal Analysis
KCL Equation at

By taking j20 as LCM and Simplifying, 𝑗 2 𝑉 1 − 𝑗 40+5 𝑉 1 −5 𝑉 2= 𝑗 40

( −3 + 𝑗 2 ) 𝑉 1 −5 𝑉 2= 𝑗 40 .. . .(1)
KCl Equation at
𝑉 2 −𝑉 1 𝑉2 𝑉1
−2 𝐼 𝑥 + =0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐼 𝑥 =
𝑗4 𝑗2 − 𝑗 2.5
+10

− 15
𝑉 1= 𝑉 2 𝑃𝑢𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑛 ( 1 )
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𝒐
−15 𝑜 And 𝑰 𝒙 =𝟕 .𝟓𝟗 ∠ 𝟏𝟎𝟖 . 𝟒𝟑 𝑨
( −3 + 𝑗 2 ) × 𝑉 −5 𝑉 2= 𝑗 40 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑉 2=13.91 ∠ −161.57 𝑉
11 2 And
𝒐
𝒊 𝒙 (𝒕 )=𝟕 . 𝟓𝟗 𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝟒 𝒕 +𝟏𝟎𝟖 .𝟒𝟑 ) 𝑨
− 15 𝑜
𝑉 1= 𝑉 2=18.97 ∠ 1 8 . 43 𝑉
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Nodal Analysis – Super Node

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 Mesh Analysis
KVL Equation for Mesh 1

KVL Equation for Mesh 2

Putting it into in equation 1

𝑜
Giving 𝐼 1=1.24 ∠ 29.7 𝐴
𝑜
𝐼 2=2.77 ∠ 56.3 𝐴

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Mesh Analysis

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 Superposition

𝒐
𝟏𝟎 ∠ −𝟔𝟎
𝑰 𝒙 𝟐= =𝟐∠ − 𝟏𝟏𝟑 . 𝟏𝟑𝟎𝟏 𝑨
𝒋 𝟖 − 𝒋 𝟒+𝟑

𝑰 𝒙 =𝑰 𝒙 𝟏 +𝑰 𝒙 𝟐=𝟖∠− 𝟏𝟑𝟑. 𝟏𝟑𝟎𝟏 𝑨+𝟐∠ −𝟏𝟏𝟑. 𝟏𝟑𝟎𝟏 𝑨

𝑰 𝒙 =𝟗 .𝟗𝟎∠− 𝟏𝟐𝟗. 𝟏𝟕 𝑨
𝒐 𝒋𝟖
𝑰 𝒙 𝟏=−𝟓 ∠𝟏𝟎 × =𝟖 ∠−𝟏𝟑𝟑 .𝟏𝟑𝟎𝟏 𝑨
𝒋 𝟖 − 𝒋 𝟒+𝟑

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Superposition – Do It Yourself Exercise
Assignment No. 1

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Source Transformation
Step 1. Convert 60 volt Voltage source to Current source:
𝑜
60 ∠ 0
𝐼 𝑠 1= =13.42 ∠ − 63.43 𝐴
2+ 𝑗 4
Step 2. Combine the two parallel Impedance to make Z1

6 × (2+ 𝑗 4)
𝑍1 = =3 ∠ 36.87 Ω
6+2+ 𝑗 4
Step 3. Combine the current source to voltage source
𝑉 𝑠1 =13.42∠− 63.43 𝐴× 3 ∠36.87 Ω=40.46 ∠−26.56 𝑉
Step 4. Combine Capacitor and Impedance , convert voltage source to current source:
𝑉 𝑠 1 40.46 ∠− 26.56
𝒁 𝟐=𝑍 1 − 𝑗 2=2.41 ∠− 4.764 Ω , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑰 𝒔 𝟐= = =𝟏𝟔 . 𝟕 ∠−𝟐𝟏 . 𝟖 𝑨
𝑍 2 2.41∠− 4.764

Now

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 Thevenin Equivalent Circuits
We need to find For Let us see what is 𝐼 𝑥 =1.5 𝐼 𝑥 + 2∠ 0 𝐼 𝑥 =− 4 𝐴
+
Now write KVL equation for the loop:

−𝑉 𝑜𝑐 +4 ×1.5 ×(− 4)+(− 4 × − 𝑗 3)=0 Voc

V ¿𝟐𝟔.𝟖𝟑∠𝟏𝟓𝟑.𝟒𝟑𝑽 -

For finding let us insert an external source:

Giving

4− 𝑗 3 𝐼𝑇
𝑍 𝑡h = =− 8+ 𝑗 6 Ω
− 0.5

V −𝟖+ 𝒋 𝟔 𝜴

𝟐𝟔.𝟖𝟑∠𝟏𝟓𝟑.𝟒𝟑𝑽

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 Norton Equivalent Circuits– Do It Yourself Exercise

Students to solve this problem by themselves as a

home exercise.

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 Maximum Power Transfer
• For maximum power transfer,

• In case the load is terminated by a Resistive load only,

then,

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 Things To Do
• Please remember:
Skill
LIFE Long

Understanding
Lasts for few months
Information
Lasts for 24~48 hours

• Read the entire chapter number 10.

• Attempt Review Questions at the end of each chapter.
• Enhance your skills by solving end chapter problems as much as you
can.
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Questions . . .

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