CSR AND ETHICS ASSIGNMENT – 1

NAME: YASH KOTHARI

ID: 19131133

TY BBA SEMESTER-6, GROUP -2

SUBMITTED TO: Astha Mam

Below are the answers for both the Part -1 as well as Part- 2.

PART - 2

Make a list of at least ten rights which you think that all people on the planet have

List of Ten rights which all the people should have are as follows:

1.) Right to treated fair by court :

Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts
violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.

2.) Right to privacy :

No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or
correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honor and reputation. Everyone has the right to the
protection of the law against such interference or attacks.

3.) Right to nationality:

 Everyone has the right to a nationality. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor
denied the right to change his nationality.

4.) Right to democracy :

Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely
chosen representatives. Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country.

5.) Right to education :

Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and
fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional
education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on
the basis of merit.

6.) Right of social service :

Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself
and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services,
and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age
or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. Motherhood and childhood are
entitled to special care and assistance. All children shall enjoy the same social protection.

7.) Right of cultural and art :

Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts
and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits. Everyone has the right to the protection of
the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of
which he is the author.

8.) Right to rest and holiday :

Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and
periodic holidays with pay.

9.) Right to work:

Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favorable conditions of
work and to protection against unemployment. Everyone, without any discrimination, has the
right to equal pay for equal work. Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the
protection of his interests.

10.) Right to life

Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

 Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without
distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other
opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction
shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the
country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-
governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.

PART 1:

Please analyze following scenarios using the ethical theories: Egoism, Utilitarianism, Duty, Rights
and Justice :

Case One: Accounting

1. Accounting

Your supervisor enters your office and asks you for a cheque for $150.00 for expenses he tells you he
incurred entertaining a client. He submits receipts from a restaurant and lounge. At lunch your
supervisor's girlfriend stops by to pick him up for lunch and you overhear her telling the receptionist
what a great time she had at dinner with your supervisor. What do you do?

Answer :

This is a really very complicated ethical dilemma as whether to tell this fact to anyone or not.
For this type of dilemmas the term of ethical thinking Utilitarianism can be used. Utilitarianism
allows people to view the ethics of a situation as black and white because it either helps the
greatest number of people or it does not.
In this situation by not telling anyone, you are helping your supervisor in misusing the
company's money. Not reporting the incident would also help yourself as because your
supervisor would hold a grudge against you if you did report him. However, by letting the
supervisor to use company funds personally this time, he will probably continue to do so. This
action would obviously hurt the company as whole by draining its resources and therefore all of
its employees. Also, since the company has a prestigious reputation a report about internal
misuse of funds would easily tarnish that reputation.
Overall, by reporting the incident you are helping the company as a whole and therefore doing
the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Thus you should report this fact to the
company as soon as possible to avoid misuse of company's funds in future.

Egoism and why it is applied?

The act which was done by the supervisor of lying in the office in the name of entertaining a
client was according to him morally correct because it helped accomplish the supervisor his
short term desires to use the money of the company for personal outing .

Ethics of duty and why it is applied?

The act in itself justifies that it was wrong step which was taken by the supervisor as the
company funds should not be used for personal outings and then to lie about in the office .

Utilitarianism and why it is applied ?

Implies that an activity is desirable if it leads to the satisfaction of the greatest number of individuals.
This includes maximizing pleasure while minimizing pain, maximizing happiness, and satisfying
wishes. All of the supervisor’s actions satisfied the factors listed above, yet they also violated
the regulation. The supervisor used utilitarianism, which argues that an action is right if it
confirms a rule, yet in this case, the rule was not followed.

Rights and Justice and why it is applied ?

Freedom of expression, conscience, consent, privacy, and the right to a fair and lawful procedure are
examples of essential important entitlements that must be respected and maintained in every action.
The supervisor has the right to privacy and conscience in this case, but the right conflicts with the
obligation and fairness that the case demands.

Case Two: Computer

2. Computer

In your spare time at work, you have developed a new spreadsheet program on the personal computer
in your office. It is even more powerful, yet easier to sue than anything on the market. You share your
new program with a friend who encourages you to market it on your own because you could probably
make an incredible profit in a very short time. This is a very attractive option, yet you developed it using
company equipment and during time that you were at work.
What do you do?

Answer:

This scenario creates a conflict between individual ingenuity and utilization of your employer's
time, assets and likely training. It is essentially theft from the company. It should be brought to
their attention and the company should have first rights at releasing it. If they choose not to
pursue it, then you would need to get permission from them to release it yourself. The new
program could legally be considered as property of your employer.

Utilitarianism and why it is applied?

This theory is applicable here because the advice given by the friend was morally correct
because it would affect the developer in a positive manner as well as for the people who would
be using the spreadsheet program .So, it basically benefits a decent amount of people.

Egoism and why it is applied?

This theory is applicable because the act of developing a program is morally correct and will
help the developer in pursuing his/her long term interests and will be benefitting a lot of people
.

Ethics of Duty and why it is applied?

This theory is applicable because even if the software was created on the company’s computer
and during the working hours still the act done was morally correct as the company’s work or
functioning was not hindered because of this as the employee developed the program in his
spare time when he had no other office work assigned or left to do .So, morally the act carried
out was correct.

Rights and justice: - the individual has right to develop the program as in liberty and prosperity
section and as far as justice is concerned the as long as individual is completing the company
provided task.

Case Three: Personnel

1. Personnel

Your company has a firm policy regarding cases of theft of company property. Used company equipment
is on a table to be sold by bid each month. You see a valued employee who is two months from
retirement, slip an electric drill from the table and put it in his car before the day of the sale.
What should you do?

Answer:
When it is regarding firm’s policy every employee who has signed it is considered equal even
though he/she is a fresher or a senior employee. In above case, I will first verify the situation by
myself. I will contact that particular person and will confirm his intensions to take electric drill
with him in his private car. It could be any reason that he must have taken it outside the
premises. After considering each situation and verifying all views if he is found to be guilty then
I will go with the company policies and take required action on him.

Egoism and why it is applied?

The drill which was slid into by the employee would seem to be correct from his perspective as
it would have had certain short term or long term benefits to him. As a witness who saw this
whole incident the correct thing to do would be to bring it to notice which would be correct for
him as it will create a good impression about him in front of the management and will help him
to have some long term benefits.

Ethics of duty and why it is applied?

From the perspective of the employee who stole the drill it would be a correct act for him , as
he might have had something to do with this drill . As a person who witnessed it the right act
would be to bring it to the notice as according to the policy of the company stealing is against
the rules and being a loyal employee to the company the right act to do is to bring this to the
management’s notice as soon as possible .

Utilitarianism and why it is applied?

against the Utilitarianism factor because only the valued employee is going to pertain the satisfaction
not anyone else and also it’s against the rule Utilitarianism that suggests that action is right only if it
confirms a rule and here there’s sale tomorrow but the electric drill is taken a day before which breaks
the rule.

Right and justice and why it is applied?

There’s no coming of right of individual in this scenario because it’s a case of playing with trust of the
company with knowing that sale is a day after taking away the drill hence justice prevails that there must
be a reason for such actions and due to the individual being a valued employee must be left with a
warning because of the close retirement end.